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NatureLink Plan NatureLink Plan

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Arid Lands Vision The Arid Lands NatureLink is a healthy functioning ecosystem supporting sustainable industries and vibrant communities But we are not just connecting the Government146s conse ID: 467741

Arid Lands Vision The Arid Lands NatureLink

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Arid Lands NatureLink Plan Vision The Arid Lands NatureLink is a healthy functioning ecosystem supporting sustainable industries and vibrant communities. But we are not just connecting the Government’s conservation activities. We’re also connecting the work of government, non-government and community organisations. Everybody who lives on and uses our land can make a contribution to the protection of our environment and precious biodiversity. While it is the Government’s responsibility to lead the innovative changes that are needed to care for our environment, we can’t do it on our own. I ask every South Australian to consider what they can do to protect natural habitats and biodiversity in their area. The Arid Lands NatureLink Plan sets the direction for achieving our vision for this important area of our State – a vision of a prosperous society connected to a healthy natural environment. I am very pleased to present this Plan, and encourage you to contribute to this ambitious vision for South Australia. Hon Jay Weatherill MP Minister for Environment and Conservation Sustainability is an interest shared by all South Australians Our environment underpins all that we do. If South Australia is to have a sustainable future, we must protect our natural environment and the unique biodiversity it supports. South Australia’s Strategic Plan outlines our commitment to establish ve biodiversity corridors across the State by 2010. We’re doing this work now so that in the future, South Australia will contain extensive corridors of healthy and diverse habitat that can best withstand the effects of a changing climate. NatureLinks has changed our focus from conserving individual species in particular locations to protecting broad areas of habitat and entire communities of plants and animals. Conservation activities will be planned and connected on a landscape scale and applied locally. Foreword Contents What is NatureLinks? The Arid Lands NatureLink Building Resilience in a Changing Climate 8 Element 1 – People in Nature12 South Australians sharing the benets of ecological sustainability. Element 2 – Partnerships and Integration14 Working together to meet shared conservation, social and economic goals. Element 3 – Connectedness16 Managing ecological connections to maintain natural systems and enable native plants and animals to disperse and adapt. Element 4 – No Species Loss18 Ensuring native plant and animal species and communities are able to survive and evolve. The Way Forward20 References21 4 Arid Lands NatureLink Plan How is it different? In the past, nature conservation has focused on individual species or particular locations. NatureLinks focuses on integrated management and restoration of landscapes, including entire plant and animal communities. This shift in approach is necessary if we are to meet the challenges to nature conservation that are presented by climate change. What are we doing? There are ve NatureLinks corridors connecting public and private lands across the state: Arid Lands NatureLink; Cape Borda to Barossa NatureLink; East meets West NatureLink; Flinders-Olary NatureLink; and River Murray-South East NatureLink. Nature conservation activities will continue to occur in areas outside these broad NatureLinks. However, any on-ground actions will be of greater benet if they are part of an integrated landscape-scale approach. South Australia’s economic and social well-being depends upon prudent natural resource management. Building resilience* into our environmental, economic and social systems is critical if we are to meet the state’s growth targets, and challenges such as climate change. To succeed, NatureLinks requires the support and involvement of various partners – those with a responsibility for managing the land and sea, those with an interest in the State’s prosperity, and those with an ability to assist. Working together, South Australians can secure a stable social, economic and environmental future. This Plan provides a starting point for all parties interested in shaping the future of the Arid Lands region. NatureLinks focuses on managing and restoring broad areas of habitat and entire plant and animal communities. What is NatureLinks? NatureLinks is a landscape-scale approach to conserving South Australia’s plants and animals by managing and restoring large areas of habitat within broad ‘biodiversity corridors’. This will provide the best opportunity for our native plants and animals to survive and adapt to environmental change across the landscape. Protected areas alone, such as National Parks, do not ensure the conservation of South Australia’s biodiversity. NatureLinks builds on these core protected areas with a broader and more connected approach to nature conservation. NatureLinks provides the overarching framework for Government agencies, conservation organisations, landholders and local communities to work together to restore and manage land and sea between existing conservation areas. Why is it needed? Functioning natural systems underpin South Australia’s social and economic well-being. Unfortunately, many plant and animal species are threatened or endangered because their habitat has been cleared, degraded or fragmented. Climate change adds to the threat of species extinction by reducing the quality of suitable habitat, and exacerbating the impacts of re and drought. Restoring large areas of habitat within biodiversity corridors across the state will help native plants and animals withstand and adapt to environmental change. Landscape-scale conservation is rapidly becoming the dominant approach for responding to the challenges of biodiversity conservation, sustainable livelihoods, and climate change throughout the world. NatureLinks is central to the State Government’s No Species Loss strategy 1 , which aims to minimise the decline of our biodiversity. NatureLinks complements existing conservation efforts such as state and regional natural resource management plans 2,3,4 and regional biodiversity strategies 5 . * ‘Resilience’ is the capacity of an ecosystem, economy or community to undergo change and still retain its basic function and structure. 5 “Travelling over this country during the daytime, with its dried up creeks and stony gibber plains, there is little which looks picturesque; but at sundown the scene becomes quite changed... desolate gibber country was really beautiful... crossed by dark lines of mulga... against a cold steel-blue sky, melting above into salmon- pink and... hills looked dark purple, with the mulga branches standing out sharp and thin against the sky.” (Spencer 1896) 6 6 Arid Lands NatureLink Plan The Arid Lands NatureLink An Iconic Landscape The Arid Lands NatureLink encompasses the stony plains and inland lakes on the western and southern margins of the Lake Eyre Basin. The area runs northwest from Lake Callabonna, including the stony plains south of Lake Eyre, to Coober Pedy, Marla and the Northern Territory border. The dominant features of this immense landscape are the vast, gently undulating gibber and gypsum plains that give the Stony Plains region its name. Unique features of the landscape include the Breakaways and stony hills, Great Artesian Basin Springs, and extensive drainage systems. A Rich and Diverse Community Aboriginal people have had an intimate involvement with the region for tens of thousands of years and have played a role in shaping the ecology of the landscape. The region continues to have signicance to Aboriginal people, who hold strong spiritual beliefs based in dreaming stories associated with natural features. Aboriginal afliations with the NatureLink are valued. Signicant settlements within the Arid Lands NatureLink include Lyndhurst, Marla, Marree, Oodnadatta, and William Creek. The largest township in the region is Coober Pedy, with over 2,800 people from more than 45 different countries. Industry and Land Use Industries in the Arid Lands NatureLink all depend on the use of natural resources. The most signicant land use is pastoralism, with sheep south of the Dog Fence, and beef cattle throughout the north. Opal has been mined in the north for nearly a century, with Coober Pedy, Mintabie and Andamooka being the major centres. Coober Pedy produces more than 80% of the world’s opals. Mining exploration has signicantly increased over the last decade and new mining ventures, such as the copper and gold mine at Prominent Hill, represent a growing condence in mine development. The Painted Desert, Breakaways, Great Artesian Basin Springs, Witjira and Lake Eyre National Park are signicant nature-based tourism attractions. The internationally famous Oodnadatta, Strzelecki and Birdsville Tracks provide the basis for much of the cultural tourism within the region. There is also an increasing interest in industrial tourism and signicant opportunities for developing more Aboriginal tourism. The Arid Lands NatureLink is a huge, dry, stony desert corridor covering over one-fth of the State. Kilometres0 50 100 200 Boundary indicative only, refer to ‘What is NatureLinks’ Public Protected Areas Private land Indigenous Protected AreasConservation Areas: Diversity and Adaptation The Arid Lands of South Australia feature spectacular landscapes, particularly diverse between and around Lake Eyre and Lake Torrens. Rich in history, the lands and waters of the region are central to the culture and spiritual beliefs of a number of Aboriginal groups. The region is also home to the epic trails of explorers such as Stuart and Eyre, and the renowned Oodnadatta, Birdsville and Strzelecki Tracks. Complex and diverse land types support a range of native plant and animal species, and productive livestock enterprises. Dominated by stony gibber landscapes, the country becomes a lush sea of grasses, wildowers and shrubs after ooding. Primary producers in this region are passionate about preserving and improving this special part of Australia, and their years of experience in the area are reected in their adaptive land management that maximises livestock production. 7 Kilometres0 50 100 200 Boundary indicative only, refer to ‘What is NatureLinks’ Public Protected Areas Private land Indigenous Protected AreasConservation Areas: Kilometres0 50 100 200 Boundary indicative only, refer to ‘What is NatureLinks’ Public Protected Areas Private land Indigenous Protected AreasConservation Areas: The Arid Lands NatureLink Kilometres0 50 100 200 Boundary indicative only, refer to ‘What is NatureLinks’ Public Protected Areas Private land Indigenous Protected AreasConservation Areas: 8 Arid Lands NatureLink Plan The dry and dusty environments that characterise the Arid Lands shape and inuence local businesses, communities, and native plant and animal communities. Building Resilience in a Changing Climate Climate change is more than a warming trend. The climate of the Arid Lands NatureLink varies widely and unpredictably from place to place, and predictions of how much the climate will change in the near future also vary. Whatever the climatic shift may be, the way in which people live and interact with these landscapes will need to change too. As the climate changes, pastoral, tourism, mining and other enterprises may be challenged, and the way in which natural resources are managed will have to become more adaptive for these industries to survive. We can support communities, businesses and the environment of the Arid Lands to be more resilient in the face of climate change by focussing on the four elements of NatureLinks: Element 1 – People in Nature South Australians sharing the benets of ecological sustainability. Element 2 – Partnerships and Integration Working together to meet shared conservation, social and economic goals. Element 3 – Connectedness Managing ecological connections to maintain natural systems and enable native plants and animals to disperse and adapt. Element 4 – No Species Loss Ensuring native plant and animal species and communities are able to survive and evolve. Changing Climate The global warming trend is very evident in Australia. We already experience what climate models have been projecting for some time 7 . By 2030 the climate in the SA Arid Lands may warm by 0.6 to 1.5°C 8 . By 2070 the increase is projected to be 1.2 to 4.7°C. Annual rainfall could decrease by 9% by 2030 and 25% by 2070, but uncertainties are high, and it is possible small increases will be observed due to increased intensity of summer rainfall events. Furthermore: droughts are likely to become more frequent, particularly in the south-west high re danger weather is likely to increase in the south-east tropical cyclones are likely to become more intense distribution of some pests and diseases will shift southward opportunities will increase for invasive species to expand their ranges. 9 By 2030 the climate in the SA Arid Lands may warm by 0.6 to 1.5°C. By 2070 the increase is projected to be 1.2 to 4.7°C. Annual rainfall could decrease by 9% by 2030 and 25% by 2070, but uncertainties are high, and it is possible small increases will be observed due to increased intensity of summer rainfall events 8 . 10 Arid Lands NatureLink Plan 11 The dominant features of this immense landscape are the vast, gently undulating gibber and gypsum plains that give the Stony Plains region its name. Unique features of the landscape include the Breakaways and stony hills, Great Artesian Basin Springs, and extensive drainage systems. 12 Arid Lands NatureLink Plan The people who live in the Arid Lands are almost entirely reliant on the natural landscape to provide a living. Element 1 – People in Nature People play a vital role in managing the landscape, and their commitment is crucial in ensuring that future generations can continue to live and prosper in this challenging and unique environment. People who live in the Arid Lands are almost totally reliant on the natural landscape to provide a living, through pastoral production, tourism or mining. For these industries to remain viable the natural landscape and its resources need to be managed sustainably. Integrating conservation activities with production may provide opportunities to diversify income sources or improve business operations. Outcomes Resilient regional communities underpinned by economic and cultural prosperity. Increased community and visitor understanding of the importance of biodiversity conservation and healthy ecosystems. Land managers incorporating biodiversity stewardship into management decisions. Landscapes in the Arid Lands NatureLink recognised as locally, nationally and internationally signicant. Directions Promote and acknowledge community, land managers and industry for best-practice land management. Support the development of conservation-based industries. Support and encourage environmentally sustainable development that is competitive at a national and international level. Witjira National Park Co-Management Witjira National Park covers 7,770 square kilometres of gibber, sand dunes, stony tablelands and oodplain country on the western edge of the Simpson Desert in the far north of South Australia. It is truly spectacular country, with vast landscapes including many areas of archaeological, biological and geological interest. Witjira National Park is a co-managed park under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 and is subject to a co-management agreement that commenced in 2007. Management of the park is under the control of the Witjira National Park Co-management Board. Management of Witjira National Park is enhanced by sharing skills and knowledge between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. 13 The signicance of land is central to all aspects of people’s lives; at birth; play; whilst hunting, camping, travelling, celebrating, and in death. The land is known through direct storytelling and song, passed down verbally over generations. 14 Arid Lands NatureLink Plan An integrated approach to land use, infrastructure and industry development is crucial for landscape-scale conservation. Element 2 – Partnerships and Integration An integrated approach to land use, infrastructure and industry development is crucial for landscape-scale conservation. A shared vision can lead to both improved industry protability and the long-term sustainability of natural resources. By working together, sharing information and pooling resources, people and organisations can add value to individual projects and work towards wider regional benets. Partnerships can help industry build green credentials, increasing product or brand appeal to consumers. Outcomes Government policy and legislation underpins ecological sustainability. Public and private sector work together to create innovative natural resource management solutions. Information is readily and widely accessible to all natural resource managers. Government, industry and community have a clear understanding of roles and responsibilities for biodiversity conservation and management. Directions Incorporate the principles of NatureLinks into relevant government policy, and into planning and development processes. Develop cross-sector partnerships in research and technology to deliver innovative conservation solutions. Identify opportunities to co-ordinate activities across different land tenures, to address multiple natural resource management issues. Outback Lakes SA The Outback Lakes SA Group formed in 2004 through recognition by progressive-thinking pastoralists of the benets of working together to promote their region and the products they produce. The group, comprising pastoralists from thirteen properties, has improved their property and herd management whilst maintaining an awareness of customer and consumer requirements. A lack of information about the nutritional value of arid pasture species was identied, and in early 2006, with the assistance of the South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board, work began on a project aimed at improving pastoralists’ ability to identify plant species that provide the best nutrition for grazing stock. This cooperation enables them to manage the land more sustainably, gain a marketing edge, and at the same time promotes the benets of the region. Arid Recovery Arid Recovery is an ecosystem restoration initiative resulting from years of dedication and hard work by volunteers from the local and wider community. It is supported by four partners: BHP Billiton, South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage, University of Adelaide and the Friends of Arid Recovery community group. To date, ve of the locally extinct mammals have been reintroduced into the protected area: the greater stick nest rat, burrowing bettong, greater bilby, western barred bandicoot, and the numbat. 15 16 Arid Lands NatureLink Plan ‘Corridors’ that link core habitat areas enable plants and animals to move from one area to another, enhancing connectivity in the landscape. Element 3 – Connectedness The Arid Lands NatureLink aims to enhance ecological connectivity across the desert landscapes of northern South Australia. The complex and extensive mosaic of habitat types in the Arid Lands NatureLink and the connections between them are critical to maintaining viable wildlife populations and enabling them to adapt and evolve. ‘Corridors’ that link core habitat areas enable plants and animals to move from one area to another and enhance connectivity in the landscape. The economic and social well-being of the Arid Lands region is dependent on the use of its natural resources. In order to maintain well-being, the pressures on the natural environment and the use of natural resources will need to be managed sustainably. Maintaining social and economic connections across the region will also play a vital role in supporting industries and vibrant communities. Social connections and a sense of community are important in enabling communication within the vast region. Relationships between and within families, between cultures, and between land managers must be maintained to provide the foundations for a prosperous community. Outcomes Resource and land use planning fully considers biodiversity conservation and acts to enhance landscape connectivity and integrity. Adequate core habitat areas are connected, allowing species and communities to move and adapt to the effects of climate change. Healthy and vibrant social communities which are ecologically and economically sustainable. Birds Breeding on Inland Lakes When in ood, the inland saline lakes provide habitat for over 40 wetland bird species. These lakes, of which Lake Eyre is the largest, are highly dynamic systems and when inundated become very productive, supporting breeding for more than ten species. One of these, the banded stilt, is endemic to Australia and generally breeds exclusively on inland salt lakes. Such breeding events occur irregularly and infrequently in response to rainfall and ooding sufcient to ll these inland lakes. Over its lifetime a banded stilt may only have the opportunity to breed two or possibly three times. Nesting is subject to signicant silver gull predation. A healthy population of banded stilts is very much dependent on achieving breeding success whenever the opportunity arises. Directions Continue to develop and enhance the public, private and Indigenous protected area network. Develop new, and improve existing policy and legislation to facilitate conservation outcomes. Enhance working partnerships between landholders and government agencies, to allow land to be managed collaboratively. 17 18 Arid Lands NatureLink Plan The landscapes of the region are complex, highly variable and respond to disturbance in often unpredictable ways. Likewise, biodiversity is affected in different and complex ways. Element 4 – No Species Loss The rate of extinction and decline of species in the South Australian Arid Lands over the past 150 years has been particularly high, and despite greater awareness and ongoing recovery efforts, many species are currently considered threatened. Excessive total grazing pressure, introduced predators, competition from exotic plant species, vegetation clearance, and altered re regimes contribute to this decline. The intensity and impact of these vary over time and across the region. The landscapes of the region are complex, highly variable and respond to disturbance in often unpredictable ways. Likewise, biodiversity is affected in different and complex ways. Maintaining and enhancing local endemic species’ habitat over such vast areas is not a simple task. Protecting species before they decline makes good ecological and economic sense, particularly when the proportion of endemic species in this region relative to other parts of the state is high. The changing climate adds a further challenge for both plants and animals, and any planning of recovery activities for species or communities needs to be undertaken at a landscape-scale. The relationships between habitat components in the landscape should be a key consideration. Individual projects may be small in scale, but should form part of a ‘bigger picture’. Outcomes Research and monitoring programs and vulnerability assessments in place. Adequate core habitat areas connected by linkages allowing species and communities to move and adapt to the effects of climate change. Habitat is not further degraded and human activities do not contribute to further extinctions. No new threats are introduced and existing threats are mitigated effectively. Endemic Plants and Animals The Stony Plains bioregion supports a diverse range of habitats. These include dissected tablelands and arid ranges, dune and oodplain systems, as well as the more extensive gibber plains. This diversity is reected in the abundance of reptile species: more than 100 have been recorded, of which four (the gibber dragon, ochre dragon, bronze- backed legless-lizard and Woomera slider) are endemic. The area also provides primary habitat for many others. At least 13 plant species are also endemic to the bioregion. Great Artesian Basin Springs In this very arid area, the few surface water features that exist are extremely important to the plants, animals and the people of the region. Weaknesses in the earth’s crust along the edges of the Great Artesian Basin provide pathways for pressurised water to travel to the surface forming springs. Springs range from damp or seeping mounds to deep pools, one of Dalhousie’s largest being about 50 metres long and 10 metres deep. Some springs release hot water while others are cold seeps, and long drainage channels from the larger springs form extensive swamplands which support lush vegetation. The unique ora and fauna of these natural springs and seeps are entirely dependent on their conservation. Directions Develop mechanisms that encourage landholders to manage land for improved biodiversity and production outcomes. Fill key knowledge gaps in baseline biodiversity information. Ensure that recovery activities for individual species contribute to the overall health of ecological communities. 19 Stony hills provide unique habitats. The Breakaway country in particular has a large number of plants and animals that are endemic to this landform. The Way Forward The South Australian Government is committed to maintaining a strong and resilient landscape in the Arid Lands. This plan provides a vision for a landscape that will sustain people, industry, culture, and plants and animals through healthy ecosystems. The plants, animals and people in the Arid Lands face signicant pressures that will be exacerbated by climate change. To ensure the long-term health of the natural environment, the conservation activities of individuals, landholders, community groups and the government must be coordinated across the region. The Arid Lands NatureLink Plan promotes partnerships that will focus the efforts of stakeholders towards common conservation goals that will help the economy grow, and maintain the social fabric of the region. Arid Lands NatureLink Plan 20 21 References 1. Department for Environment and Heritage (2007) No Species Loss – A Nature Conservation Strategy for South Australia 2007-2017 . Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. 2. Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (2006) State Natural Resources Management Plan . Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, South Australia. 3. SAAL NRM Board (2009) South Australian Arid Lands Regional Natural Resources Management Plan . South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board, Pt Augusta. 4. Department for Environment and Heritage (2009) South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy –Stony Plains Conservation Priorities. South Australian Arid Lands NRM Board, Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. 5. Department for Environment and Heritage (2009) South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy –Sandy Deserts Conservation Priorities. South Australian Arid Lands NRM Board, Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. 6. Spencer, B. 1896. Report on the work of the Horn Scientic Expedition to central Australia. Melville, Mullen and Slade; Melbourne. 7. Department of Premier and Cabinet (2007) Tackling Climate Change: South Australia’s Greenhouse Strategy 2007-2010. Government of South Australia. 8. Suppiah, R., Preston, B., Whetton, P.H., McInnes, K.L., Jones, R.N., Macadam, I., Bathols, J. and Kirono, D. (2006) Climate Change under Enhanced Greenhouse Conditions in South Australia: An Updated Report on Assessment of Climate Change, Impacts and Risk Management Strategies Relevant to South Australia . CSIRO for the South Australian Government. Photo credits ForewordBreakaway, Arckaringa Station (DEH) ContentsLake Eyre National Park (SATC) Page 5 Stony Plains (Tony Robinson DEH) Page 9 Aerial view near Lake Eyre (FROSAT & Singing Bowl Media) Page 10Mound Springs (SATC) Page 13Witchetty Grub (Peter Copley DEH) Page 15Bearded Dragon (SATC) Page 17Lake Eyre, Warburton Creek SA (Paul Wainwright DEH) Page 19Breakaways (SATC) Page 20Near Stuart Highway, south of Coober Pedy (SATC) Want to know more? If you would like to know more about NatureLinks, please visit www.naturelinks.sa.gov.au or call the Department for Environment and Heritage on (08) 8204 1910. FIS 90537 ISBN 978 1 921466 60 1 facillaorem volortionsed mincilis dit ing eugait, quisi. Ummolortis ad dolore magna feugait autet, secte ero dunt vulput luptat veliquis at. Commod euisi etuero odit dolobor iriliquat. Ut atum velissi smolore magniamet non vero consed et incilis at. Ommod magniat ulput pratet prat adit, venit, vendre minit dolutat ing exeros nim zzrit ercilis ciduisi. Tie tio corer sequi tionsequatio eu feugait nullaor iusci tem quat at nim ing eu facipit illandio dolummy nit irit wis nulla feugiam, commy nullamet, sequamc ommodit luptati nciduip ero ercinibh ea feumsan hendre magna faccumsandio dio odolorem venim zzrilit nulla alis numsan ercilis molore del do odoloreet utat. 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