385 EXAM 2 REVIEW TEMPLE MEDICINE Incubation •

slide1. 385 EXAM 2 REVIEW<br>
slide2. TEMPLE MEDICINE<br>
slide3. Incubation • purification (bathing, change of clothes, sprinkling of water) before entry into sacred precinct
• sacrifice of inexpensive offerings: honeycakes, cheesecakes, figs
• evening entry into abaton
• segregation of male and female patients
• sleep in abaton immediate
• repeat until dream (oneiros) provides cure
mediated
• upon recovery, thanks-offering (eukharistêrion) made
• animal sacrifice to Asklepios and Hygieia
• on certain occasions, testimonial engraved and displayed<br>
slide4. What Explains Asklepiadic Testimonia?<br>
slide5. What Explains Asklepiadic Testimonia? • Deceitful claim?
• Placebo effect?
• Natural cure?
• Seriousness of condition?
• Nature of “cure”?
• Genuine miracle?<br>
slide6. MAGIC & SCIENCE<br>
slide9. MAGIC MEDICINE<br>
slide10. Aims in PGM<br>
slide11. plant, herb

drug, potion

medicine
pharmakon
poison

magic charm

scapegoat<br>
slide12. Doctrine of Signatures"Nature marks each growth ... according to its curative benefit"<br>
slide13. Doctrine of Signatures"Nature marks each growth ... according to its curative benefit" • appearance of natural material : body part :: sign : signified
• sign indicates therapeutic benefit relative to corresponding part
• appearance of natural material : innate property :: sign : signified<br>
slide14. BINDING-SPELLS & LOVE CHARMS<br>
slide15. Curse (katadesmos) •preparation / consecration of lamella
• invocation (agents / messengers)
* chthonic deity (Hades, Persephone, Hekate, Hermes)
* kakodaimon
* nekydaimon
• designation of victim
*identification of name and family
*enumeration of parts
• list of desired results
• promise / threat
• self-identification as god or daimon
• deposition of lamella
• graveyard; grave of recently deceased child
• underground watercourse<br>
slide16. Performatives • What does uttering a performative do?

• Can performatives be negative?

• How are performatives verified?<br>
slide17. Performatives • Uttering a performative is, or is part of, the doing of a kind of action rather than the description of a thing, an action, or a state.

• Uttering a performative changes the reality to which it applies. This can include the speaker, the addressee, both, or some general situation.

• Performative utterances can be positive or negative: they can instate or cancel a state of affairs.

• Since performative utterances are not deictic or referential, they are not subject to verifiability: they cannot be true or false, and so are not evaluable on those terms.

• Performative utterances are instead evaluable in terms of appropriateness of context and (sometimes) effectiveness.<br>
slide18. ERÔS (philtrokatadesmos, agôgê)

LOVE CHARMS

PHILIA (philtron, kharis)<br>
slide19. LOVE CHARMS<br>
slide20. philtrokatadesmos
ERÔS
agôgê<br>
slide21. philtrokatadesmos (binding spell)
ERÔS
agôgê (fetching spell)<br>
slide22. Eros Charm • attraction (agôgê) and binding (katadesmos)
• restriction of sexual attention to NN alone
• restlessness, mental disturbance
• loss of physical and emotional self-control
• physical torture (binding, inflaming, whipping, piercing)
• rejection of husband and family
• compulsory movement (agôgê) from natal/conjugal house to house of NN
• culmination in intercourse<br>
slide23. Philia Charm philtron
PHILIA
kharis<br>
slide24. Philia Charm philtron (love charm)
PHILIA
kharis (beauty/favor/sex appeal)<br>
slide27. EVIL EYE<br>
slide28. Evil Eye • What effects does evil eye have?
• How is evil eye believed to work?
• What relation to envy?
• What safeguards against evil eye?
• What social function?<br>
slide29. • carrier both human and animal
• effects both voluntary and involuntary
• dessication of both inanimate objects and living beings
• emanationist mechanism
• association with envy (invidia)
• protection against evil eye
• silence/rejection of praise
• counter-eye
• objects that deflect
• assertion of sexual potency
• association with liquids
• social functions
• explanation of misfortune
• redirection of guilt
• curb on ostentatious display
• redistribution of goods<br>
slide30. PRINCIPLES OF MAGIC<br>
slide31. actio in distans What ancient theories explain actio in distans?<br>
slide32. actio in distans • emission theory
• correspondence (sympathy/antipathy) theory
• doctrine of signatures<br>
slide33. Sir James Frazer(1854-1941)Sympathy / Contagion<br>
slide34. Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)Omnipotence of Thought<br>
slide38. Some Features of Language • Language as intersubjective, hence immanently social

• Language and the constitution of the experienced world
• ordering and understanding
• naming and ordering
• ordering (however arbitrary) experienced as natural

• Language and techniques for reorganizing / reconstituting the experienced world
• translation
• linguistic tropes (metaphor, synecdoche)<br>
slide39. DIRT<br>
slide40. Structuralist Assumptions 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.<br>
slide41. Structuralist Assumptions 1. There is a human need to classify in order to understand.
2. Classification tends to be binary: BELOW / ABOVE
3. Whatever resists classification causes anxiety: FEMALE ? MALE
4. Transition between categories is potentially dangerous.
5. Whatever resists classification or fails to transition successfully from one category to another is “dirt.”
6. All “dirt” is taboo.
7. Whatever is taboo is powerful.<br>
slide42. “Dirt” : Matter out of Place<br>
slide43. MUMBOJUMBO<br>
slide44. Uses of Language<br>
slide45. Uses of Language<br>
slide46. Mumbojumbo<br>
slide47. thing  image  word  thing

“garlic” spoken = garlic eaten<br>
slide48. Names & Things • the naturalness of one’s own language
• the essential character of one’s own name
•naming rituals
•private vs. public names
•names and curses
•names and invocations (יהוה)
• naming and creation<br>
slide49. Linguistic Sign Referent Sign<br>
slide50. Linguistic Sign Sign Referent<br>
slide51. A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.
A rose is a rose is a rose.<br>
slide52. rose<br>
slide53. Estrangement in Mumbojumbo • conventional link between Sign and Signified broken by tropes (rhyme, repetition, etc.)

• attention focuses on Sign rather than Signified

• transparent Sign becomes thicker and more opaque

• Sign becomes thinglike

• speech becomes creative<br>
slide54. DEMONOLOGY<br>
slide55. daimôn (pl. daimones)<br>
slide56. (unspecified) god

daimôn (pl. daimones)

divine power : nymph, ancestor,
divinized hero, spirit of the dead...<br>
slide57. agathodaimôn

daimôn

kakodaimôn
nekydaimôn<br>
slide58. agathodaimôn (good daimon)

daimôn

kakodaimôn (evil daimon)
nekydaimôn (death daimon)<br>
slide59. Effects of Alexander’s Conquest<br>
slide60. Effects of Alexander’s Conquest • expansion due to conquests by Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE)
• sustained contact with cultures of Egypt, Near East, India
• cultural and religious syncretism
• importation of Babylonian astronomy/astrology in Greek world
• importation of exotic daimones<br>
slide61. Aristotelian Motion • Two kinds of observable motion: (a) ________ and (b) ________.

• Terrestrial motion is _____________________.

• Celestial motion is _______________; therefore celestial bodies must be composed of a unique element (_________).

• Earth lies at the center of the kosmos, surrounded (ideally) by concentric spheres of _____________________ — moving upwards from most dense to most refined.<br>
slide62. Aristotelian Physics/Theology • Forced displacement  terrestrial movement.
• Something unmoved  celestial movement.
• Source of all movement = Unmoved Mover = God.
• God perfect, complete, autonomous, self-absorbed and self-sufficient.
• God embodies goal towards which all natural things aim: perfect self-actualization.
• Desire to become God  all movement.<br>
slide63. Aristotelian Physics/Theology • Forced displacement  terrestrial movement.
• Something unmoved  celestial movement.
• Source of all movement = _____________________.
• _______________ embodies goal towards which all natural things aim: perfect self-actualization.
• _______________ all movement.<br>
slide64. Results of Aristotelian Theology<br>
slide65. Results of Aristotelian Theology • increasing gap between mortal and divine worlds
• need for mediation between mortal and divine worlds
• monotheistic trend  proliferation of daimones
• sublunary world as alienated, corrupt, fallen
• rise in popularity of foreign cults, supernatural phenomena<br>
slide66. theurgy •Universe is hierarchy of serial emanations from the One.

•Each order of emanations is subdivided further.

•Each subdivision mediated by gods, daimones, souls, guardian spirits, ghosts...

•Goal of theurgy: ascent (anagôgê) to and communion/merger with the One.

•Means of theurgy:
•magic rituals to induce empsychosis
•use of symbols to attract daimones and higher souls
+gold : cinnamon : heliotrope : rooster : Sun
•interrogation of emplaced souls about access to higher levels
+discovery of passwords to allow for ascent through gates<br>
slide67. MANTEIADIVINATION<br>
slide68. Types of Divination manteia<br>
slide69. Types of Divination inspired (possession)

manteia

inductive (technological)<br>
slide70. Divination • intersection of emanationism, sympathia, Doctrine of Signatures
• universe rationally ordered and expressible as signs (sêmata)
• natural world (weather, animals) as privileged bearer of signs
• development of technologies of semiology
• universe deterministic : illusion of “coincidence” in kledonomancy<br>
slide71. teratomancy – _____________
augury – _______________
haruspicy – _________________
oneiromancy - __________________
klêdonomancy – _____________<br>
slide72. teratomancy – abnormal events
augury – birdflight and behavior
haruspicy – liver of sacrificial victims
oneiromancy - dreams
klêdonomancy – “chance” events<br>
slide73. Types of Dreams<br>
slide74. Types of Dreams<br>
slide75. Private Dream  Public Meaning • immediate (private) dream experience
• recollection of dream upon and after waking : secondary elaboration
• later discussion of dream with others : tertiary elaboration
• influence of cultural (narrative) templates on both secondary and tertiary elaboration
• cultural templates embody interpretive frameworks<br>