An Introduction To The Health Effects of Toxic
Description: An Introduction To The Health Effects of Toxic Products In The Home A Small Dose of Toxics At Home Home, Sweet Home! Be it ever so humble, there s no place like home. Home, Sweet Home! John Howard Payne Toxics in the Home Household
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slide1. An Introduction To The Health Effects of Toxic Products In The Home A Small Dose of Toxics At Home<br>
slide2. Home, Sweet Home! Be it ever so humble, there ’s no place like home.
Home, Sweet Home!
John Howard Payne<br>
slide3. Toxics in the Home Household products
Mold & mildew
Radon
Indoor air
Second hand smoke
Lead
Paint solvents<br>
slide4. Household Hazardous Waste How many pounds of household hazardous waste in your home?
(i.e. paints, varnishes, motor oil, pesticides, antifreeze, fluorescent lights)<br>
slide5. Product Hazards Flammability
Reactivity
Corrosive (strong acid or base)
Toxicity: human
Toxicity: environmental<br>
slide6. Hazard and Risk Risk =
Hazard X Exposure Dose / Response Individual Sensitivity<br>
slide7. Exposure Routes Ingestion
Direct ingestion of product
Hand to mouth contact
Inhalation
Acute inhalation of product during use
Chronic inhalation of indoor air
Skin/eye contact
Splashing/spilling during use
Violent chemical reactions
Contact with treated surfaces<br>
slide8. Poisoning Facts Poisoning events in United States - 2000
2.2 million reported exposures
53% involved children under age 6
90% occurred in the home
475,079 treated in a health care facility
920 deaths reported in 2000
Source: National Poison Centers, 2000 data (Litovitz, 2001)<br>
slide9. More Poisoning Facts<br>
slide10. Even More Poisoning Facts<br>
slide11. Common Toxicity Measures LD50: acute ingestion (mg/kg)
LC50: acute inhalation (ppm)
Draize score: skin irritation
TLV: chronic inhalation (ppm)
Reference dose: chronic exposure (mg/kg/day)<br>
slide12. Oral Toxicity of Common Substances Practically non-toxic (> 15,000 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult > 1 quart
modeling clay
paraffin wax
baby lotion
blemish cover (e.g. Clearasil)
bone meal
cat litter<br>
slide13. Slightly toxic Slightly toxic (5,000 to 15,000 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: between 1 pt & 1 qt
hand dishwashing liquid
window cleaner
latex house paint
soap
deodorant (roll-on)
white glue (e.g. Elmers)<br>
slide14. Moderately toxic Moderately toxic (500 to 5,000 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: between 1 oz & 1 pt
antifreeze
dry cleaning fluid* (1,1,1-trichloroethane)
motor fuels* (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel)
shoe polish
oil-based house paint
holly berries
*NOTE: aspiration probably more important than toxicity<br>
slide15. Very toxic Very toxic (50 to 500 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: between 1 tsp & 1 oz
aspirin and other analgesics
lacquer thinners
toluene, xylene (aromatic hydrocarbons)
mothballs (camphor, naphthalene)
tobacco leaves
foxglove (digitalis)
caffeine
diazinon insecticide<br>
slide16. Extremely toxic Extremely toxic (5 to 50 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: 7 drops to 1 tsp
opium
codeine
oil of sassafras<br>
slide17. Super toxic Super toxic (< 5 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: less than 7 drops
nicotine
botulinum toxins<br>
slide18. TLVs of Common Ingredients COMPOUND TLV FOUND IN at %
ethanol 1000 vodka, gin, rum, etc. 40
acetone 750 nail polish remover >50
isopropanol 400 rubbing alcohol 70
gasoline 300 motor fuel 100
Methanol 200 Bix Stripper paint stripper 24-50
turpentine 100 paint thinner 100
xylene 100 spray paint bulk
hexane 50 Carter’s rubber cement 90
methylene chloride 50 Bix Tuff Job paint stripper 85
paradichlorobenzene 10 mothballs 100
carbon monoxide 10
malathion 0.74 Ortho Malathion 50+ Insect Spray 50
formaldehyde 0.30
chlorpyrifos 0.014 Dursban Spray 5.3
diazinon 0.008 Diazinon Granules 5.0 TLV – Threshold Limit Value<br>
slide19. Carcinogens Ingredient Product(s) % in Product
chlorothalonil Daconil Fungicide 12.5-30%
benzene gasoline >1%
formaldehyde probably many unknown
lead acetate Grecian Formula hair dyes 0.36%
methylene chloride paint strippers (many) up to 85%
p-dichlorobenzene mothballs (many) 100%
vermiculite potting soils ?
arsenic CCA-treated lumber 34% As2O5<br>
slide20. Deducing Toxicity from Label Information Stick with federally regulated information
Signal words only semi-consistent
Ignore marketing information
Be alert for inconsistencies<br>
slide21. SIGNAL WORD ADVERTISING Example<br>
slide22. Signal Words Signal Word EPA CPSC FDA
DANGER Cat. I Ex. Haz not used
WARNING Cat. II Hazardous not used
CAUTION Cat. III/IV Hazardous “pay attention”
No sig. word not used Not Hazardous<br>
slide23. Shortcomings of Label Information All ingredients not listed (except food, drug, cosmetic, personal care)
Only pesticides have disposal and environmental information (and the disposal information is incorrect!)
Signal words linked to acute hazards only
Some labels contain marketing information that minimizes or contradicts safety warnings
People don’t read labels anyway<br>
slide24. Favorite Labels “Confine pets during application to prevent them from believing they are being fed.” - slug bait
“Avoid use while smoking.” - hair spray
“This product must not be used for dyeing eyelashes or eyebrows. To do so may cause blindness.” - hair color<br>
slide25. Label Contradictions “...contains no harsh chemicals which could cause drying or damage...no gloves, no caps, does not irritate your skin” “You get rid of gray gradually, naturally”
…………..but there’s more<br>
slide26. The Rest of the Story Caution: contains lead acetate. [a carcinogen]
For external use only.
Keep this product out of children’s reach.
Do not use on cut or abraded skin. If skin irritation develops, discontinue use.<br>
slide27. And That’s Not All! —Grecian Formula hair dye Do not use to color mustaches, eyelashes, eyebrows or hair on parts of the body other than the scalp.
Do not get in eyes. Follow instructions carefully and wash hands thoroughly after each use.”<br>
slide28. Less-Toxic Alternatives Water-based products
Mechanical devices
Enzymes instead of solvents
Biological pesticides<br>
slide29. Less-Toxic Alternatives Alternative Instead of Using Toxic Ingredient Avoided
Latex paint Oil-based paint Solvents
Snake, plunger Caustic drain opener Corrosive lye
Scouring powder Acid toilet cleaner Corrosive hydrochloric acid
Beneficial Insecticide for Diazinon, carbaryl or other
nematodes soil grubs insecticide
Weed puller, Herbicide 2,4-D, dichlobenil, etc.
mulch<br>
slide30. A Small Dose of ™ Toxics At Home<br>
slide31. Resources from WTC Washington Toxics Coalition (WTC) Home Safe Home consumer fact sheets
Toxics Hotline: 800-844-SAFE
Internet: www.watoxics.org Thanks to Philip Dickey from WTC for providing many of the slides and information for the chapter.<br>
slide32. Additional Information Web Sites
U.S. Household Products Database – National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine. <http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/index.htm> Site has a range of information about household products including their potential health threats.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Household Waste Management. <http://www.epa.gov/seahome/hwaste.html> Site has a self-directed educational program on managing household waste.<br>
slide33. Authorship Information For Additional Information Contact
Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT
E-mail: sgilbert@innd.org
Web: www.asmalldoseof.org This presentation is supplement to
“A Small Dose of Toxicology”<br>
slide2. Home, Sweet Home! Be it ever so humble, there ’s no place like home.
Home, Sweet Home!
John Howard Payne<br>
slide3. Toxics in the Home Household products
Mold & mildew
Radon
Indoor air
Second hand smoke
Lead
Paint solvents<br>
slide4. Household Hazardous Waste How many pounds of household hazardous waste in your home?
(i.e. paints, varnishes, motor oil, pesticides, antifreeze, fluorescent lights)<br>
slide5. Product Hazards Flammability
Reactivity
Corrosive (strong acid or base)
Toxicity: human
Toxicity: environmental<br>
slide6. Hazard and Risk Risk =
Hazard X Exposure Dose / Response Individual Sensitivity<br>
slide7. Exposure Routes Ingestion
Direct ingestion of product
Hand to mouth contact
Inhalation
Acute inhalation of product during use
Chronic inhalation of indoor air
Skin/eye contact
Splashing/spilling during use
Violent chemical reactions
Contact with treated surfaces<br>
slide8. Poisoning Facts Poisoning events in United States - 2000
2.2 million reported exposures
53% involved children under age 6
90% occurred in the home
475,079 treated in a health care facility
920 deaths reported in 2000
Source: National Poison Centers, 2000 data (Litovitz, 2001)<br>
slide9. More Poisoning Facts<br>
slide10. Even More Poisoning Facts<br>
slide11. Common Toxicity Measures LD50: acute ingestion (mg/kg)
LC50: acute inhalation (ppm)
Draize score: skin irritation
TLV: chronic inhalation (ppm)
Reference dose: chronic exposure (mg/kg/day)<br>
slide12. Oral Toxicity of Common Substances Practically non-toxic (> 15,000 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult > 1 quart
modeling clay
paraffin wax
baby lotion
blemish cover (e.g. Clearasil)
bone meal
cat litter<br>
slide13. Slightly toxic Slightly toxic (5,000 to 15,000 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: between 1 pt & 1 qt
hand dishwashing liquid
window cleaner
latex house paint
soap
deodorant (roll-on)
white glue (e.g. Elmers)<br>
slide14. Moderately toxic Moderately toxic (500 to 5,000 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: between 1 oz & 1 pt
antifreeze
dry cleaning fluid* (1,1,1-trichloroethane)
motor fuels* (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel)
shoe polish
oil-based house paint
holly berries
*NOTE: aspiration probably more important than toxicity<br>
slide15. Very toxic Very toxic (50 to 500 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: between 1 tsp & 1 oz
aspirin and other analgesics
lacquer thinners
toluene, xylene (aromatic hydrocarbons)
mothballs (camphor, naphthalene)
tobacco leaves
foxglove (digitalis)
caffeine
diazinon insecticide<br>
slide16. Extremely toxic Extremely toxic (5 to 50 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: 7 drops to 1 tsp
opium
codeine
oil of sassafras<br>
slide17. Super toxic Super toxic (< 5 mg/kg)
Probable oral lethal dose for 150 lb adult: less than 7 drops
nicotine
botulinum toxins<br>
slide18. TLVs of Common Ingredients COMPOUND TLV FOUND IN at %
ethanol 1000 vodka, gin, rum, etc. 40
acetone 750 nail polish remover >50
isopropanol 400 rubbing alcohol 70
gasoline 300 motor fuel 100
Methanol 200 Bix Stripper paint stripper 24-50
turpentine 100 paint thinner 100
xylene 100 spray paint bulk
hexane 50 Carter’s rubber cement 90
methylene chloride 50 Bix Tuff Job paint stripper 85
paradichlorobenzene 10 mothballs 100
carbon monoxide 10
malathion 0.74 Ortho Malathion 50+ Insect Spray 50
formaldehyde 0.30
chlorpyrifos 0.014 Dursban Spray 5.3
diazinon 0.008 Diazinon Granules 5.0 TLV – Threshold Limit Value<br>
slide19. Carcinogens Ingredient Product(s) % in Product
chlorothalonil Daconil Fungicide 12.5-30%
benzene gasoline >1%
formaldehyde probably many unknown
lead acetate Grecian Formula hair dyes 0.36%
methylene chloride paint strippers (many) up to 85%
p-dichlorobenzene mothballs (many) 100%
vermiculite potting soils ?
arsenic CCA-treated lumber 34% As2O5<br>
slide20. Deducing Toxicity from Label Information Stick with federally regulated information
Signal words only semi-consistent
Ignore marketing information
Be alert for inconsistencies<br>
slide21. SIGNAL WORD ADVERTISING Example<br>
slide22. Signal Words Signal Word EPA CPSC FDA
DANGER Cat. I Ex. Haz not used
WARNING Cat. II Hazardous not used
CAUTION Cat. III/IV Hazardous “pay attention”
No sig. word not used Not Hazardous<br>
slide23. Shortcomings of Label Information All ingredients not listed (except food, drug, cosmetic, personal care)
Only pesticides have disposal and environmental information (and the disposal information is incorrect!)
Signal words linked to acute hazards only
Some labels contain marketing information that minimizes or contradicts safety warnings
People don’t read labels anyway<br>
slide24. Favorite Labels “Confine pets during application to prevent them from believing they are being fed.” - slug bait
“Avoid use while smoking.” - hair spray
“This product must not be used for dyeing eyelashes or eyebrows. To do so may cause blindness.” - hair color<br>
slide25. Label Contradictions “...contains no harsh chemicals which could cause drying or damage...no gloves, no caps, does not irritate your skin” “You get rid of gray gradually, naturally”
…………..but there’s more<br>
slide26. The Rest of the Story Caution: contains lead acetate. [a carcinogen]
For external use only.
Keep this product out of children’s reach.
Do not use on cut or abraded skin. If skin irritation develops, discontinue use.<br>
slide27. And That’s Not All! —Grecian Formula hair dye Do not use to color mustaches, eyelashes, eyebrows or hair on parts of the body other than the scalp.
Do not get in eyes. Follow instructions carefully and wash hands thoroughly after each use.”<br>
slide28. Less-Toxic Alternatives Water-based products
Mechanical devices
Enzymes instead of solvents
Biological pesticides<br>
slide29. Less-Toxic Alternatives Alternative Instead of Using Toxic Ingredient Avoided
Latex paint Oil-based paint Solvents
Snake, plunger Caustic drain opener Corrosive lye
Scouring powder Acid toilet cleaner Corrosive hydrochloric acid
Beneficial Insecticide for Diazinon, carbaryl or other
nematodes soil grubs insecticide
Weed puller, Herbicide 2,4-D, dichlobenil, etc.
mulch<br>
slide30. A Small Dose of ™ Toxics At Home<br>
slide31. Resources from WTC Washington Toxics Coalition (WTC) Home Safe Home consumer fact sheets
Toxics Hotline: 800-844-SAFE
Internet: www.watoxics.org Thanks to Philip Dickey from WTC for providing many of the slides and information for the chapter.<br>
slide32. Additional Information Web Sites
U.S. Household Products Database – National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine. <http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/index.htm> Site has a range of information about household products including their potential health threats.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Household Waste Management. <http://www.epa.gov/seahome/hwaste.html> Site has a self-directed educational program on managing household waste.<br>
slide33. Authorship Information For Additional Information Contact
Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT
E-mail: sgilbert@innd.org
Web: www.asmalldoseof.org This presentation is supplement to
“A Small Dose of Toxicology”<br>