Chapter 10 (10.1) The Causes of the Reformation
Description: Chapter 10 (10.1) The Causes of the Reformation LO: 3.8 The Causes of the Reformation Learning Intention(s) Understand the main causes of the Reformation The Reformation was a period in history when people began to question the teachings of
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slide1. Chapter 10 (10.1)
The Causes of the Reformation LO: 3.8<br>
slide2. The Causes of the Reformation
Learning Intention(s) Understand the main causes of the Reformation<br>
slide3. The Reformation was a period in history when people began to question the teachings of the Catholic Church and to challenge the authority of the Pope.
It began in Germany in 1517 as a protest against abuses of power in the Catholic Church and was originally about reforming the Church.
The supporters of this desire for reform were called PROTESTANTS. THE REFORMATION<br>
slide4. Religion was very important in people’s lives in the Middle Ages.
The Catholic Church was extremely powerful during the Middle Ages. It was incredibly wealthy, had priests in every community and the Pope had power over the kings of Europe. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN 1500<br>
slide5. 1. The influence of the Renaissance
The Church had helped to create the Renaissance by funding artists. However, an unintended consequence was that it also encouraged people to question old beliefs.
As more people learned to read, they could read the Bible for themselves rather than accept everything told to them by priests and bishops. Their interpretations of the meaning of the Bible often differed from those of the Church. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide6. The invention of the printing press meant that the ideas of the Reformers (like Martin Luther) could spread quickly around Europe and this encouraged people to support them and challenge the Church themselves. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION ` An early printing works<br>
slide7. 2. The wealth of the Church
The Church was the wealthiest organisation in Europe.
Bishops and monasteries were huge land owners. It is estimated that one-third of all the land in Germany belonged to the Church. This wealth was resented by kings and nobles.
Everyone had to pay their tithe (one-tenth of their income) to their local bishop every year. This was greatly resented by ordinary people, especially when they saw these bishops and cardinals living extravagant lifestyles. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide8. 3. Abuses within the Church
There were many abuses of power within the Catholic Church. These made people think that the popes, bishops and priests were more interested in their own wealth and power than in serving God. These abuses included:
SIMONY: the buying or selling of positions within the Church. As priests and bishops had the chance to become very wealthy, bishops and cardinals were often willing to accept bribes to appoint a particular person to those jobs. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide9. NEPOTISM: the appointing of relatives to Church jobs regardless of merit. This was made even worse when many members of the clergy broke their vows of celibacy and fathered children.
PLURALISM: holding more than one Church job at the same time. Bishops and priests would often preside over a number of dioceses and parishes in order to increase their wealth.
ABSENTEEISM: a priest or bishop being absent from their parish or diocese for long periods of time. As pluralism became more widespread, many areas were left without a priest or bishop and that meant that people could not go to Mass or receive the sacraments. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide10. The SALE OF INDULGENCES: Catholics believed that when an average person died their soul would go to purgatory (a place between heaven and hell) until they atoned for their sins on Earth. The Church began to sell special prayers, called indulgences, that were said to reduce the time a soul spent in purgatory. The idea that forgiveness of sins could be bought for money outraged many, especially as it seemed to target the poor and ignorant – and enrich particular churches or monasteries. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION ` Indulgences being counted in front of the Pope<br>
slide11. Misbehaviour of priests and popes: many priests and bishops did not live very Christian lives. Many of them openly had mistresses and fathered children (breaking their vows of celibacy). Some parish priests could not read or write and so were unable to properly say Mass and perform their duties. At the very top, popes (such as Julius II or Alexander VI) often appeared to be more concerned with pursuing their own power and expanding the land they ruled than in running the Church. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide12. 4. The power of kings
Kings around Europe had spent most of the Middle Ages bringing their nobles and lords under control and establishing their rule throughout their kingdoms. The Church, however, remained outside their authority as it was controlled from Rome, not locally. They resented this and looked for ways to weaken its power and gain control over its wealth. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide13. Protestants were, at first, a supporter of reform to the Catholic Church; later, a member of the churches that broke away.<br>
slide14. Simony was the buying or selling of positions within the Church.<br>
slide15. Nepotism was the appointing of relatives to Church jobs regardless of merit.<br>
slide16. Pluralism was the act of holding more than one Church job at the same time.<br>
slide17. Absenteeism was a priest or bishop being absent from their parish or diocese for long periods of time.<br>
slide18. The sale of indulgences was the selling of special prayers claimed to reduce the time a soul spent in purgatory.<br>
slide19. REVIEW QUESTIONS How did the Renaissance influence the start of the Reformation? The surge in learning, science, culture, etc. that occurred during the Renaissance encouraged people to question traditional beliefs. An increase in literacy also helped people to gather information independently.<br>
slide20. REVIEW QUESTIONS Why was the printing press an important factor in the Reformation? The ideas of the Reformers spread widely and quickly in printed books and pamphlets.<br>
slide21. REVIEW QUESTIONS Explain the following terms: simony; nepotism; pluralism; absenteeism. Simony:
The buying or selling of positions within the Church.
Nepotism:
The appointing of relatives to Church jobs regardless of merit.
Pluralism:
Holding more than one Church position at the same time, e.g. several parishes/dioceses.
Absenteeism:
Priests or bishops being absent from their parish or diocese for long periods of time.<br>
slide22. REVIEW QUESTIONS What was an indulgence and why was their sale so controversial? An indulgence was a prayer to reduce the amount of time a soul spent in purgatory. Their sale meant that rich people could buy their way into heaven, while the poor would suffer additionally and some would endure extra hardship to pay an already rich Church, afraid for their souls.<br>
slide23. REVIEW QUESTIONS Why did the (a) wealth and (b) power of the Catholic Church cause resentment? The Church was wealthier than some kings and ordinary people paid tithes to it.
The Church was beyond the power of kings, who wanted to have full control over the countries they ruled.<br>
slide24. (Please note you will need to be online to access these resources)
Khan Academy series on Reformation: https://educateplus.ie/go/reformation-introduction ONLINE RESOURCES<br>
The Causes of the Reformation LO: 3.8<br>
slide2. The Causes of the Reformation
Learning Intention(s) Understand the main causes of the Reformation<br>
slide3. The Reformation was a period in history when people began to question the teachings of the Catholic Church and to challenge the authority of the Pope.
It began in Germany in 1517 as a protest against abuses of power in the Catholic Church and was originally about reforming the Church.
The supporters of this desire for reform were called PROTESTANTS. THE REFORMATION<br>
slide4. Religion was very important in people’s lives in the Middle Ages.
The Catholic Church was extremely powerful during the Middle Ages. It was incredibly wealthy, had priests in every community and the Pope had power over the kings of Europe. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN 1500<br>
slide5. 1. The influence of the Renaissance
The Church had helped to create the Renaissance by funding artists. However, an unintended consequence was that it also encouraged people to question old beliefs.
As more people learned to read, they could read the Bible for themselves rather than accept everything told to them by priests and bishops. Their interpretations of the meaning of the Bible often differed from those of the Church. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide6. The invention of the printing press meant that the ideas of the Reformers (like Martin Luther) could spread quickly around Europe and this encouraged people to support them and challenge the Church themselves. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION ` An early printing works<br>
slide7. 2. The wealth of the Church
The Church was the wealthiest organisation in Europe.
Bishops and monasteries were huge land owners. It is estimated that one-third of all the land in Germany belonged to the Church. This wealth was resented by kings and nobles.
Everyone had to pay their tithe (one-tenth of their income) to their local bishop every year. This was greatly resented by ordinary people, especially when they saw these bishops and cardinals living extravagant lifestyles. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide8. 3. Abuses within the Church
There were many abuses of power within the Catholic Church. These made people think that the popes, bishops and priests were more interested in their own wealth and power than in serving God. These abuses included:
SIMONY: the buying or selling of positions within the Church. As priests and bishops had the chance to become very wealthy, bishops and cardinals were often willing to accept bribes to appoint a particular person to those jobs. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide9. NEPOTISM: the appointing of relatives to Church jobs regardless of merit. This was made even worse when many members of the clergy broke their vows of celibacy and fathered children.
PLURALISM: holding more than one Church job at the same time. Bishops and priests would often preside over a number of dioceses and parishes in order to increase their wealth.
ABSENTEEISM: a priest or bishop being absent from their parish or diocese for long periods of time. As pluralism became more widespread, many areas were left without a priest or bishop and that meant that people could not go to Mass or receive the sacraments. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide10. The SALE OF INDULGENCES: Catholics believed that when an average person died their soul would go to purgatory (a place between heaven and hell) until they atoned for their sins on Earth. The Church began to sell special prayers, called indulgences, that were said to reduce the time a soul spent in purgatory. The idea that forgiveness of sins could be bought for money outraged many, especially as it seemed to target the poor and ignorant – and enrich particular churches or monasteries. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION ` Indulgences being counted in front of the Pope<br>
slide11. Misbehaviour of priests and popes: many priests and bishops did not live very Christian lives. Many of them openly had mistresses and fathered children (breaking their vows of celibacy). Some parish priests could not read or write and so were unable to properly say Mass and perform their duties. At the very top, popes (such as Julius II or Alexander VI) often appeared to be more concerned with pursuing their own power and expanding the land they ruled than in running the Church. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide12. 4. The power of kings
Kings around Europe had spent most of the Middle Ages bringing their nobles and lords under control and establishing their rule throughout their kingdoms. The Church, however, remained outside their authority as it was controlled from Rome, not locally. They resented this and looked for ways to weaken its power and gain control over its wealth. THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION<br>
slide13. Protestants were, at first, a supporter of reform to the Catholic Church; later, a member of the churches that broke away.<br>
slide14. Simony was the buying or selling of positions within the Church.<br>
slide15. Nepotism was the appointing of relatives to Church jobs regardless of merit.<br>
slide16. Pluralism was the act of holding more than one Church job at the same time.<br>
slide17. Absenteeism was a priest or bishop being absent from their parish or diocese for long periods of time.<br>
slide18. The sale of indulgences was the selling of special prayers claimed to reduce the time a soul spent in purgatory.<br>
slide19. REVIEW QUESTIONS How did the Renaissance influence the start of the Reformation? The surge in learning, science, culture, etc. that occurred during the Renaissance encouraged people to question traditional beliefs. An increase in literacy also helped people to gather information independently.<br>
slide20. REVIEW QUESTIONS Why was the printing press an important factor in the Reformation? The ideas of the Reformers spread widely and quickly in printed books and pamphlets.<br>
slide21. REVIEW QUESTIONS Explain the following terms: simony; nepotism; pluralism; absenteeism. Simony:
The buying or selling of positions within the Church.
Nepotism:
The appointing of relatives to Church jobs regardless of merit.
Pluralism:
Holding more than one Church position at the same time, e.g. several parishes/dioceses.
Absenteeism:
Priests or bishops being absent from their parish or diocese for long periods of time.<br>
slide22. REVIEW QUESTIONS What was an indulgence and why was their sale so controversial? An indulgence was a prayer to reduce the amount of time a soul spent in purgatory. Their sale meant that rich people could buy their way into heaven, while the poor would suffer additionally and some would endure extra hardship to pay an already rich Church, afraid for their souls.<br>
slide23. REVIEW QUESTIONS Why did the (a) wealth and (b) power of the Catholic Church cause resentment? The Church was wealthier than some kings and ordinary people paid tithes to it.
The Church was beyond the power of kings, who wanted to have full control over the countries they ruled.<br>
slide24. (Please note you will need to be online to access these resources)
Khan Academy series on Reformation: https://educateplus.ie/go/reformation-introduction ONLINE RESOURCES<br>