Competence-Based Social Work: The Profession of
Description: Competence-Based Social Work: The Profession of Caring, Knowing, and Serving Chapter 8: Ethical Social Work Practice Michael E. Sherr, Ph.D Johnny M. Jones, Ph.D. The Values, Ethical Principles, and Standards of Social Work Values are
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slide1. Competence-Based Social Work: The Profession of Caring, Knowing, and Serving Chapter 8: Ethical Social Work Practice Michael E. Sherr, Ph.D
Johnny M. Jones, Ph.D.<br>
slide2. The Values, Ethical Principles, and Standards of Social Work Values are preferences or assumptions about what is worthwhile or important.
Ethical principles guide people on what is “good” and “bad.”
Ethical standards are derived from ethical principles and are enforceable guidelines of conduct approved and self-regulated by a specific profession.
Social work values, ethical principles, and ethical standards are expressed in the NASW Code of Ethics.<br>
slide3. NASW Code of Ethics Values Service
Social Justice
Dignity and Worth of the Person
Importance of Human Relationships
Integrity
Competence<br>
slide4. NASW Code of Ethics Ethical Principles Social workers’ primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems.
Social workers challenge social injustice.
Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person.
Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships.
Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.
Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise.<br>
slide5. NASW Code of Ethics Ethical Standards Social workers are ethically responsible to:
Clients
Colleagues
Practice Settings
Other Professionals
The Social Work Profession
Society<br>
slide6. Ethical Dilemmas Ethical dilemmas occur when social workers must choose between two or more relevant, but contradictory, standards and/or when every available alternative results in an undesirable outcome for one of more persons.
The emphasis on the well-being of individuals, groups, and communities in the NASW Code of Ethics means that social workers often encounter competing interests and ethical dilemmas.
Social workers must be able to tolerate the complexity and ambiguity of the profession.<br>
slide7. Case Vignette 8.1- Camesha Talbert During a performance evaluation with her supervisor, Camesha observes her supervisor drink at lunch and at work, talk loudly in a public place about her client’s confidential information, and act inappropriately during a home visit with a client, forcing her to have to reschedule the visit.
The next day, Camesha’s supervisor gives her a positive performance evaluation despite not having truly observed her work.
What should Camesha do?<br>
slide8. Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara Jennifer Ibara engages in counseling sessions with foster parent Mrs. Reyes and one of her foster children, Jarod, who has been having behavioral issues at school.
After 6 counseling sessions, Jarod has made considerable progress.
During their last counseling session, Mrs. Reyes gives Jennifer a thank you card containing two tickets to a San Antonio Spurs basketball game, worth over $100.
What should Jennifer do?<br>
slide9. Making Ethical Decisions Due to the complexity and ambiguity of the social work profession, there is seldom a single “right” response.
Factors influencing ethical decisions include the context, the people involved, the values in conflict, and the previous decisions.
Making ethical decisions is far too complex for a “one-size-fits-all” model.
Any ethical decision-making model should merely be used as a guide.<br>
slide10. A Model for Making Ethical Decisions Identify the problem and the factors contributing to the problem
Identify all the persons and institutions involved in the problem
Determine who should be involved in the decision-making.
Identify values relevant to this problem held by the participants involved.<br>
slide11. A Model for Making Ethical Decisions continued 5. Identify the goals and objectives whose
attainment you believe may resolve the
problem.
6. Identify alternative intervention strategies
and targets.
7. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of each
alternative in terms of identified goals.
8. Select the most appropriate strategy.<br>
slide12. A Model for Making Ethical Decisions continued 9. Implement the selected strategy.
10. Monitor the implementation, paying
particular attention to unanticipated
consequences.
11. Evaluate the results and identify additional
problems.<br>
slide13. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara Identify the problem and the factors contributing to the problem.
Mrs. Reyes, in an apparent thoughtful gesture, gives Jennifer a thank you card containing two tickets valued at more than $100 to a San Antonio Spurs basketball game.
Mrs. Reyes and Jennifer are in a professional, not personal, relationship.
As a social worker, Jennifer must use the NASW Code of Ethics to guide her professional decisions and actions.<br>
slide14. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 2. Identify all the persons and institutions
involved in the problem.
This situation involves Jennifer, Mrs. Reyes, and Jarod.
Jennifer also has ethical responsibilities to her colleagues at the family counseling center and the Department of Health and Welfare, to the social work profession, and to society.<br>
slide15. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 3. Determine who should be involved in the
decision making.
Jennifer is the only one directly involved in the decision making.
However, Jennifer is responsible to her supervisor and to her colleagues at the agency.
Jennifer is responsible for abiding by agency policies and procedures regarding gifts.<br>
slide16. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 4. Identify values relevant to this problem held
by the participants involved.
The values of service and integrity seem to be most pertinent to this case.
Jennifer needs to keep Mrs. Reyes and Jarod as the focus of her practice and determine how her decision contributes to helping them.
Jennifer needs to consider how her decision contributes to her practicing with the highest of ethical standards.<br>
slide17. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 5. Identify the goals and objectives whose attainment you
believe may resolve the problem.
Jennifer entered into a professional helping relationship with Mrs. Reyes and Jarod.
During their last counseling session, Mrs. Reyes was focused on expressing her gratitude, while Jennifer was focused on termination.
Jennifer needs to decide how to respond appropriately to Mrs. Reyes while maintaining their trusting relationship.
Jennifer also needs to abide by her agency’s policies and procedures, as well as the NASW Code of Ethics.<br>
slide18. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 6. Identify alternative intervention strategies
and targets.
Jennifer can keep the tickets, which emphasizes Jennifer as the target of this strategy and primarily benefits herself.
Jennifer can return the tickets, which emphasizes Mrs. Reyes and Jarod as targets of these strategies.<br>
slide19. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 7. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of each
alternative in terms of identified goals.
Accepting the tickets would be an effective and efficient short-term, but not long-term, strategy.
Accepting the tickets may encourage Mrs. Reyes to do the same for other helping professionals in the future.
In returning the tickets, Jennifer has to balance the need to communicate appreciation with explaining why she can’t accept them.
Jennifer needs to ensure her decision is congruent with agency policy and the NASW Code of Ethics.<br>
slide20. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 8. Select the most appropriate strategy.
In this case, the most appropriate strategy seems to be thanking Mrs. Reyes for her gesture, keeping the card, but returning the tickets and explaining that as a professional social worker and due to agency policy, she can’t accept them.<br>
slide21. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 9. Implement the selected strategy.
Jennifer should implement the strategy described in Step 8.<br>
slide22. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 10. Monitor the implementation, paying
particular attention to unanticipated
consequences.
Jennifer needs to monitor both Mrs. Reyes’ and Jarod’s verbal and non-verbal communication.
Although Jennifer cannot control how they react, she can monitor their reactions and adapt her response to reinforce their progress and express her appreciation for their gratitude.<br>
slide23. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 11. Evaluate the results and identify additional
problems.
Jennifer can evaluate the outcome of her response in a progress note after they leave, as well as in a follow-up session with Mrs. Reyes and Jarod in the future.
Additional problems may include Mrs. Reyes buying gifts for other helping professionals in the future or having her feelings hurt and being reluctant to seek help from social workers in the future.<br>
slide24. Summary Responding effectively to ethical dilemmas is a significant part of competent social work practice.
The dynamic focus on the well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities often results in competing interests.
Competent social workers draw from their knowledge, values, skills, and experience to make sound ethical decisions.
Ethical decision-making models are helpful but only a guide, and social workers must be able to tolerate the complexity and ambiguity of social work practice.<br>
slide25. Engaged Learning: Case 8.3 Cathy Jennings Use the NASW Code of Ethics and relevant literature (i.e., the EBP) to do the following:
Step 1. Identify the problem.
Step 2. Identify all the persons and institutions involved.
Step 3. Determine who should be involved in the decision making.
Step 4. Identify the values relevant to the problem.
Step 5. Identify the goals and objectives.
Step 6. Identify alternative intervention strategies and targets.
Step 7. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of each alternative.
Step 8. Select the most appropriate strategy.
Step 9. Implement the selected strategy.
Step 10. Monitor the implementation.
Step 11. Evaluate the results and identify additional problems.
In addition to the steps in the ethical decision-making model above, please answer the following self-reflection questions regarding the case vignette:
What personal values influenced your decision making in each of the preceding cases?
Did aspects of either case cause you particular discomfort? If so, discuss those aspects with your fellow students and/or instructor.
Did you have any conflicts between your personal values and the applicable ethical principles from the NASW Code of Ethics or social work literature related to either case? If so, how did you resolve those conflicts? Are you comfortable with how you resolved those conflicts? If not, consider discussing it further with your instructor.<br>
slide26. Engaged Learning: Case 8.4 Jordan Zillner Use the NASW Code of Ethics and relevant literature (i.e., the EBP) to do the following:
Step 1. Identify the problem.
Step 2. Identify all the persons and institutions involved.
Step 3. Determine who should be involved in the decision making.
Step 4. Identify the values relevant to the problem.
Step 5. Identify the goals and objectives.
Step 6. Identify alternative intervention strategies and targets.
Step 7. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of each alternative.
Step 8. Select the most appropriate strategy.
Step 9. Implement the selected strategy.
Step 10. Monitor the implementation.
Step 11. Evaluate the results and identify additional problems.
In addition to the steps in the ethical decision-making model above, please answer the following self-reflection questions regarding the case vignette:
What personal values influenced your decision making in each of the preceding cases?
Did aspects of either case cause you particular discomfort? If so, discuss those aspects with your fellow students and/or instructor.
Did you have any conflicts between your personal values and the applicable ethical principles from the NASW Code of Ethics or social work literature related to either case? If so, how did you resolve those conflicts? Are you comfortable with how you resolved those conflicts? If not, consider discussing it further with your instructor.<br>
Johnny M. Jones, Ph.D.<br>
slide2. The Values, Ethical Principles, and Standards of Social Work Values are preferences or assumptions about what is worthwhile or important.
Ethical principles guide people on what is “good” and “bad.”
Ethical standards are derived from ethical principles and are enforceable guidelines of conduct approved and self-regulated by a specific profession.
Social work values, ethical principles, and ethical standards are expressed in the NASW Code of Ethics.<br>
slide3. NASW Code of Ethics Values Service
Social Justice
Dignity and Worth of the Person
Importance of Human Relationships
Integrity
Competence<br>
slide4. NASW Code of Ethics Ethical Principles Social workers’ primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems.
Social workers challenge social injustice.
Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person.
Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships.
Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.
Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise.<br>
slide5. NASW Code of Ethics Ethical Standards Social workers are ethically responsible to:
Clients
Colleagues
Practice Settings
Other Professionals
The Social Work Profession
Society<br>
slide6. Ethical Dilemmas Ethical dilemmas occur when social workers must choose between two or more relevant, but contradictory, standards and/or when every available alternative results in an undesirable outcome for one of more persons.
The emphasis on the well-being of individuals, groups, and communities in the NASW Code of Ethics means that social workers often encounter competing interests and ethical dilemmas.
Social workers must be able to tolerate the complexity and ambiguity of the profession.<br>
slide7. Case Vignette 8.1- Camesha Talbert During a performance evaluation with her supervisor, Camesha observes her supervisor drink at lunch and at work, talk loudly in a public place about her client’s confidential information, and act inappropriately during a home visit with a client, forcing her to have to reschedule the visit.
The next day, Camesha’s supervisor gives her a positive performance evaluation despite not having truly observed her work.
What should Camesha do?<br>
slide8. Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara Jennifer Ibara engages in counseling sessions with foster parent Mrs. Reyes and one of her foster children, Jarod, who has been having behavioral issues at school.
After 6 counseling sessions, Jarod has made considerable progress.
During their last counseling session, Mrs. Reyes gives Jennifer a thank you card containing two tickets to a San Antonio Spurs basketball game, worth over $100.
What should Jennifer do?<br>
slide9. Making Ethical Decisions Due to the complexity and ambiguity of the social work profession, there is seldom a single “right” response.
Factors influencing ethical decisions include the context, the people involved, the values in conflict, and the previous decisions.
Making ethical decisions is far too complex for a “one-size-fits-all” model.
Any ethical decision-making model should merely be used as a guide.<br>
slide10. A Model for Making Ethical Decisions Identify the problem and the factors contributing to the problem
Identify all the persons and institutions involved in the problem
Determine who should be involved in the decision-making.
Identify values relevant to this problem held by the participants involved.<br>
slide11. A Model for Making Ethical Decisions continued 5. Identify the goals and objectives whose
attainment you believe may resolve the
problem.
6. Identify alternative intervention strategies
and targets.
7. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of each
alternative in terms of identified goals.
8. Select the most appropriate strategy.<br>
slide12. A Model for Making Ethical Decisions continued 9. Implement the selected strategy.
10. Monitor the implementation, paying
particular attention to unanticipated
consequences.
11. Evaluate the results and identify additional
problems.<br>
slide13. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara Identify the problem and the factors contributing to the problem.
Mrs. Reyes, in an apparent thoughtful gesture, gives Jennifer a thank you card containing two tickets valued at more than $100 to a San Antonio Spurs basketball game.
Mrs. Reyes and Jennifer are in a professional, not personal, relationship.
As a social worker, Jennifer must use the NASW Code of Ethics to guide her professional decisions and actions.<br>
slide14. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 2. Identify all the persons and institutions
involved in the problem.
This situation involves Jennifer, Mrs. Reyes, and Jarod.
Jennifer also has ethical responsibilities to her colleagues at the family counseling center and the Department of Health and Welfare, to the social work profession, and to society.<br>
slide15. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 3. Determine who should be involved in the
decision making.
Jennifer is the only one directly involved in the decision making.
However, Jennifer is responsible to her supervisor and to her colleagues at the agency.
Jennifer is responsible for abiding by agency policies and procedures regarding gifts.<br>
slide16. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 4. Identify values relevant to this problem held
by the participants involved.
The values of service and integrity seem to be most pertinent to this case.
Jennifer needs to keep Mrs. Reyes and Jarod as the focus of her practice and determine how her decision contributes to helping them.
Jennifer needs to consider how her decision contributes to her practicing with the highest of ethical standards.<br>
slide17. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 5. Identify the goals and objectives whose attainment you
believe may resolve the problem.
Jennifer entered into a professional helping relationship with Mrs. Reyes and Jarod.
During their last counseling session, Mrs. Reyes was focused on expressing her gratitude, while Jennifer was focused on termination.
Jennifer needs to decide how to respond appropriately to Mrs. Reyes while maintaining their trusting relationship.
Jennifer also needs to abide by her agency’s policies and procedures, as well as the NASW Code of Ethics.<br>
slide18. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 6. Identify alternative intervention strategies
and targets.
Jennifer can keep the tickets, which emphasizes Jennifer as the target of this strategy and primarily benefits herself.
Jennifer can return the tickets, which emphasizes Mrs. Reyes and Jarod as targets of these strategies.<br>
slide19. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 7. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of each
alternative in terms of identified goals.
Accepting the tickets would be an effective and efficient short-term, but not long-term, strategy.
Accepting the tickets may encourage Mrs. Reyes to do the same for other helping professionals in the future.
In returning the tickets, Jennifer has to balance the need to communicate appreciation with explaining why she can’t accept them.
Jennifer needs to ensure her decision is congruent with agency policy and the NASW Code of Ethics.<br>
slide20. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 8. Select the most appropriate strategy.
In this case, the most appropriate strategy seems to be thanking Mrs. Reyes for her gesture, keeping the card, but returning the tickets and explaining that as a professional social worker and due to agency policy, she can’t accept them.<br>
slide21. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 9. Implement the selected strategy.
Jennifer should implement the strategy described in Step 8.<br>
slide22. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 10. Monitor the implementation, paying
particular attention to unanticipated
consequences.
Jennifer needs to monitor both Mrs. Reyes’ and Jarod’s verbal and non-verbal communication.
Although Jennifer cannot control how they react, she can monitor their reactions and adapt her response to reinforce their progress and express her appreciation for their gratitude.<br>
slide23. Applying the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Case Vignette 8.2- Jennifer Ibara continued 11. Evaluate the results and identify additional
problems.
Jennifer can evaluate the outcome of her response in a progress note after they leave, as well as in a follow-up session with Mrs. Reyes and Jarod in the future.
Additional problems may include Mrs. Reyes buying gifts for other helping professionals in the future or having her feelings hurt and being reluctant to seek help from social workers in the future.<br>
slide24. Summary Responding effectively to ethical dilemmas is a significant part of competent social work practice.
The dynamic focus on the well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities often results in competing interests.
Competent social workers draw from their knowledge, values, skills, and experience to make sound ethical decisions.
Ethical decision-making models are helpful but only a guide, and social workers must be able to tolerate the complexity and ambiguity of social work practice.<br>
slide25. Engaged Learning: Case 8.3 Cathy Jennings Use the NASW Code of Ethics and relevant literature (i.e., the EBP) to do the following:
Step 1. Identify the problem.
Step 2. Identify all the persons and institutions involved.
Step 3. Determine who should be involved in the decision making.
Step 4. Identify the values relevant to the problem.
Step 5. Identify the goals and objectives.
Step 6. Identify alternative intervention strategies and targets.
Step 7. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of each alternative.
Step 8. Select the most appropriate strategy.
Step 9. Implement the selected strategy.
Step 10. Monitor the implementation.
Step 11. Evaluate the results and identify additional problems.
In addition to the steps in the ethical decision-making model above, please answer the following self-reflection questions regarding the case vignette:
What personal values influenced your decision making in each of the preceding cases?
Did aspects of either case cause you particular discomfort? If so, discuss those aspects with your fellow students and/or instructor.
Did you have any conflicts between your personal values and the applicable ethical principles from the NASW Code of Ethics or social work literature related to either case? If so, how did you resolve those conflicts? Are you comfortable with how you resolved those conflicts? If not, consider discussing it further with your instructor.<br>
slide26. Engaged Learning: Case 8.4 Jordan Zillner Use the NASW Code of Ethics and relevant literature (i.e., the EBP) to do the following:
Step 1. Identify the problem.
Step 2. Identify all the persons and institutions involved.
Step 3. Determine who should be involved in the decision making.
Step 4. Identify the values relevant to the problem.
Step 5. Identify the goals and objectives.
Step 6. Identify alternative intervention strategies and targets.
Step 7. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of each alternative.
Step 8. Select the most appropriate strategy.
Step 9. Implement the selected strategy.
Step 10. Monitor the implementation.
Step 11. Evaluate the results and identify additional problems.
In addition to the steps in the ethical decision-making model above, please answer the following self-reflection questions regarding the case vignette:
What personal values influenced your decision making in each of the preceding cases?
Did aspects of either case cause you particular discomfort? If so, discuss those aspects with your fellow students and/or instructor.
Did you have any conflicts between your personal values and the applicable ethical principles from the NASW Code of Ethics or social work literature related to either case? If so, how did you resolve those conflicts? Are you comfortable with how you resolved those conflicts? If not, consider discussing it further with your instructor.<br>