KNOWLEDGE OF MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE IN HIGH
Description: KNOWLEDGE OF MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE IN HIGH ALTITUDE AREA 1 Presented By:- Dileep Kumar,2IC OBJECTIVE Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to learn about:- Introduction Mountain and Snow rescue in high altitude area. Methods
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slide1. KNOWLEDGE OF MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE IN HIGH ALTITUDE AREA 1 Presented By:- Dileep Kumar,2IC<br>
slide2. OBJECTIVE Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to learn about:-
Introduction
Mountain and Snow rescue in high altitude area.
Methods of carrying a stretcher and human load
Snow Rescue techniques
Cloud burst and flash floods.
Rescue operations during cloudburst and sudden flooding
Medical emergency measures . 2<br>
slide3. INTRODUCTION The primary objective of NDRF rescue teams is to carry out swift and effective rescue operations in disaster-affected areas. Rescue work in mountainous and Himalayan regions is especially challenging due to adverse weather conditions, high altitudes, and difficult terrain. 3<br>
slide4. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE a) Challenges of Mountain Rescue:
Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) due to high altitude, which can lead to headaches, vomiting, fatigue, and confusion.
Risk of hypothermia and frostbite due to cold, which can cause body parts to freeze and result in permanent damage. 4<br>
slide5. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE 3. Inaccessible routes and limited communication facilities, which can cause delays in rescue operations.
4. Possibility of strong winds and avalanches, which can pose risks to the rescue team itself. 5<br>
slide6. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE b) Major Methods of Mountain Rescue:
(I) Rope Rescue Technique: When a person or other being trapped in a disaster is rescued using a rope or cord while ensuring the safety of the rescuer and minimizing the time taken, it is called a rope rescue. 6<br>
slide7. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE a) Z Pulley method b) C Pulley Method ii) Methods of Rope Rescue:Rope rescue is carried out using the following methods:- 7<br>
slide8. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE c) Frame Method d) River Crossing. 8<br>
slide9. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE e) Trotline & Traverse f) Heli Slithering 9<br>
slide10. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE g) Auto Lock Gri-Gri Ascending h) Stretcher Hoisting 10<br>
slide11. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD Preparing a Makeshift Stretcher / Carrying the Injured:
Stretchers are vital in rescue operations, especially in hilly areas.
Transportation is often unavailable in mountainous regions.
If no stretcher is available, rescuers must make a makeshift stretcher.
In difficult terrain, injured persons may need to be carried manually.
Rescuers must be trained to create and use makeshift stretchers effectively. 11<br>
slide12. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD Important Points to Consider While Making a
Makeshift Stretcher:
Which materials or tools will be useful
The base of the stretcher should be
comfortable and strong
3. If using wood, it should not be flexible
or bend easily
4. The wood should be of adequate length and
strength as required
5. The straps used should be comfortable and
strong, so the injured person can be carried
safely and comfortably 12<br>
slide13. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD Methods for Making a Makeshift Stretcher
1. Using Wooden Logs:
A stretcher can be made using wooden logs.
Even a single strong log can be used.
A casualty bag made from cloth, blankets, or rope is tied to the log at least four points to ensure stability.
2. Using an Aluminum Ladder:
An aluminum ladder can also be used as the base for a stretcher, especially in rescue operations where it's available. 13<br>
slide14. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD 3. Using Skis or Sledge:
If the rescue team is equipped with skis, skis or a sledge can also be used as a makeshift stretcher to carry the injured. 14<br>
slide15. While Tying the Injured to a Stretcher:-
Loosen the injured person's clothes and shoes.
Do not tie the casualty too tightly to the stretcher.
The rope or stretcher should not cause pain and must be strong.
Do not cover the injured person's face.
The base and covering cloth of the stretcher should be warm. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD<br>
slide16. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD Following points should be kept in mind while carrying the injured, depending on the injuries they have sustained:
Rescuers' Handling the Stretcher:The stretcher should be lifted and placed carefully and comfortably. 16<br>
slide17. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD The stretcher should be placed on a flat surface.
Continuously check the injured person to ensure they are not shifting to the right or left.
Offer tea or coffee to the injured to help keep them warm.
If possible, have another person assist in carrying the injured. 17<br>
slide18. SNOW RESCUE TECHNIQUES (A) Causes of Accidents in Snowy Areas:
Avalanche (Snow Slide):An avalanche, which occurs suddenly and at high speed, can bury people under the snow.
Getting Trapped in Deep Snow:People may become stuck in deep snow, making it difficult to move and complicating rescue operations.
Falling into an Icy Pit:Falling into a snowy crevice can cause a person to become trapped in a deep hole. 18<br>
slide19. SNOW RESCUE TECHNIQUES (B) Avalanche Prevention and Search Techniques:
Avalanche Transceiver and Probing Technique: Special equipment is used to search for people who are trapped under the snow.
Shoveling Technique: Snow is dug out at the proper angle and depth to remove it effectively.
Rescue from an Icy Pit: Safe evacuation is achieved using ropes and pulley systems. 19<br>
slide20. A sudden downpour in a limited area creates a cloudburst, when it accumulates over an area of a few square kilometres and rains more then 100 mm in an hours. CLOUD BURST & FLASH FLOOD 20<br>
slide21. CLOUD BURST & FLASH FLOOD Cloudburst can cause flash floods .
The water and associated mass of rubble can come so fast
you should pay attention to the warning to evacuate to higher and safer areas. 21<br>
slide22. RESCUE OPERATIONS DURING CLOUDBURST AND SUDDEN FLOODING (A) Impact of Cloudburst and Sudden Flooding:
Sudden Increase in River Water Levels
Landslides and Bridge Collapses
Extensive Damage to People and Property 22<br>
slide23. RESCUE OPERATIONS DURING CLOUDBURST AND SUDDEN FLOODING Rescue Strategies:
Monitoring Water Levels and Danger Indicators:Use of radar, rain gauges, and river sensors to monitor potential threats.
Evacuation Techniques:Rapid relocation of people to safer areas.
Use of Rescue Equipment:Life jackets, floating devices, and motor boats for rescue operations.
Rope-based Water Rescue Techniques:Assisting individuals to safely cross fast-flowing water using ropes. 23<br>
slide24. MEDICAL EMERGENCY MEASURES A) Altitude-Related Illnesses and Treatment:
Hypoxia (Oxygen Deficiency):Use of oxygen cylinders and bringing the patient to a lower altitude.
Hypothermia:Use of warm clothes, heaters, and thermal blankets to keep the body warm.
Frostbite:Gradually warming the affected body parts. 24<br>
slide25. MEDICAL EMERGENCY MEASURES (B) First Aid in Flood and Snow Rescue:
Drowning Prevention: CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) and artificial respiration.
Treatment for Injuries and Fractures: Splinting and using a tourniquet to stop bleeding. 25<br>
slide26. REVIEW The participants have learnt about:-
Introduction
Mountain and Snow rescue in high altitude area.
Methods of carrying a stretcher and human load
Snow Rescue techniques
Cloud burst and flash floods.
Rescue operations during cloudburst and sudden flooding
Medical emergency measures . 26<br>
slide27. ANY QUESTION ? 27<br>
slide28. EVALUATION Ques:-1 What are the medical emergencies in high altitude rescue?
Ques:-2 Cloudbursts are most common in which type of regions? 28<br>
slide29. 29 THANK YOU<br>
slide2. OBJECTIVE Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to learn about:-
Introduction
Mountain and Snow rescue in high altitude area.
Methods of carrying a stretcher and human load
Snow Rescue techniques
Cloud burst and flash floods.
Rescue operations during cloudburst and sudden flooding
Medical emergency measures . 2<br>
slide3. INTRODUCTION The primary objective of NDRF rescue teams is to carry out swift and effective rescue operations in disaster-affected areas. Rescue work in mountainous and Himalayan regions is especially challenging due to adverse weather conditions, high altitudes, and difficult terrain. 3<br>
slide4. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE a) Challenges of Mountain Rescue:
Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) due to high altitude, which can lead to headaches, vomiting, fatigue, and confusion.
Risk of hypothermia and frostbite due to cold, which can cause body parts to freeze and result in permanent damage. 4<br>
slide5. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE 3. Inaccessible routes and limited communication facilities, which can cause delays in rescue operations.
4. Possibility of strong winds and avalanches, which can pose risks to the rescue team itself. 5<br>
slide6. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE b) Major Methods of Mountain Rescue:
(I) Rope Rescue Technique: When a person or other being trapped in a disaster is rescued using a rope or cord while ensuring the safety of the rescuer and minimizing the time taken, it is called a rope rescue. 6<br>
slide7. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE a) Z Pulley method b) C Pulley Method ii) Methods of Rope Rescue:Rope rescue is carried out using the following methods:- 7<br>
slide8. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE c) Frame Method d) River Crossing. 8<br>
slide9. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE e) Trotline & Traverse f) Heli Slithering 9<br>
slide10. MOUNTAIN AND SNOW RESCUE g) Auto Lock Gri-Gri Ascending h) Stretcher Hoisting 10<br>
slide11. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD Preparing a Makeshift Stretcher / Carrying the Injured:
Stretchers are vital in rescue operations, especially in hilly areas.
Transportation is often unavailable in mountainous regions.
If no stretcher is available, rescuers must make a makeshift stretcher.
In difficult terrain, injured persons may need to be carried manually.
Rescuers must be trained to create and use makeshift stretchers effectively. 11<br>
slide12. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD Important Points to Consider While Making a
Makeshift Stretcher:
Which materials or tools will be useful
The base of the stretcher should be
comfortable and strong
3. If using wood, it should not be flexible
or bend easily
4. The wood should be of adequate length and
strength as required
5. The straps used should be comfortable and
strong, so the injured person can be carried
safely and comfortably 12<br>
slide13. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD Methods for Making a Makeshift Stretcher
1. Using Wooden Logs:
A stretcher can be made using wooden logs.
Even a single strong log can be used.
A casualty bag made from cloth, blankets, or rope is tied to the log at least four points to ensure stability.
2. Using an Aluminum Ladder:
An aluminum ladder can also be used as the base for a stretcher, especially in rescue operations where it's available. 13<br>
slide14. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD 3. Using Skis or Sledge:
If the rescue team is equipped with skis, skis or a sledge can also be used as a makeshift stretcher to carry the injured. 14<br>
slide15. While Tying the Injured to a Stretcher:-
Loosen the injured person's clothes and shoes.
Do not tie the casualty too tightly to the stretcher.
The rope or stretcher should not cause pain and must be strong.
Do not cover the injured person's face.
The base and covering cloth of the stretcher should be warm. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD<br>
slide16. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD Following points should be kept in mind while carrying the injured, depending on the injuries they have sustained:
Rescuers' Handling the Stretcher:The stretcher should be lifted and placed carefully and comfortably. 16<br>
slide17. METHODS OF CARRYING A STRETCHER AND HUMAN LOAD The stretcher should be placed on a flat surface.
Continuously check the injured person to ensure they are not shifting to the right or left.
Offer tea or coffee to the injured to help keep them warm.
If possible, have another person assist in carrying the injured. 17<br>
slide18. SNOW RESCUE TECHNIQUES (A) Causes of Accidents in Snowy Areas:
Avalanche (Snow Slide):An avalanche, which occurs suddenly and at high speed, can bury people under the snow.
Getting Trapped in Deep Snow:People may become stuck in deep snow, making it difficult to move and complicating rescue operations.
Falling into an Icy Pit:Falling into a snowy crevice can cause a person to become trapped in a deep hole. 18<br>
slide19. SNOW RESCUE TECHNIQUES (B) Avalanche Prevention and Search Techniques:
Avalanche Transceiver and Probing Technique: Special equipment is used to search for people who are trapped under the snow.
Shoveling Technique: Snow is dug out at the proper angle and depth to remove it effectively.
Rescue from an Icy Pit: Safe evacuation is achieved using ropes and pulley systems. 19<br>
slide20. A sudden downpour in a limited area creates a cloudburst, when it accumulates over an area of a few square kilometres and rains more then 100 mm in an hours. CLOUD BURST & FLASH FLOOD 20<br>
slide21. CLOUD BURST & FLASH FLOOD Cloudburst can cause flash floods .
The water and associated mass of rubble can come so fast
you should pay attention to the warning to evacuate to higher and safer areas. 21<br>
slide22. RESCUE OPERATIONS DURING CLOUDBURST AND SUDDEN FLOODING (A) Impact of Cloudburst and Sudden Flooding:
Sudden Increase in River Water Levels
Landslides and Bridge Collapses
Extensive Damage to People and Property 22<br>
slide23. RESCUE OPERATIONS DURING CLOUDBURST AND SUDDEN FLOODING Rescue Strategies:
Monitoring Water Levels and Danger Indicators:Use of radar, rain gauges, and river sensors to monitor potential threats.
Evacuation Techniques:Rapid relocation of people to safer areas.
Use of Rescue Equipment:Life jackets, floating devices, and motor boats for rescue operations.
Rope-based Water Rescue Techniques:Assisting individuals to safely cross fast-flowing water using ropes. 23<br>
slide24. MEDICAL EMERGENCY MEASURES A) Altitude-Related Illnesses and Treatment:
Hypoxia (Oxygen Deficiency):Use of oxygen cylinders and bringing the patient to a lower altitude.
Hypothermia:Use of warm clothes, heaters, and thermal blankets to keep the body warm.
Frostbite:Gradually warming the affected body parts. 24<br>
slide25. MEDICAL EMERGENCY MEASURES (B) First Aid in Flood and Snow Rescue:
Drowning Prevention: CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) and artificial respiration.
Treatment for Injuries and Fractures: Splinting and using a tourniquet to stop bleeding. 25<br>
slide26. REVIEW The participants have learnt about:-
Introduction
Mountain and Snow rescue in high altitude area.
Methods of carrying a stretcher and human load
Snow Rescue techniques
Cloud burst and flash floods.
Rescue operations during cloudburst and sudden flooding
Medical emergency measures . 26<br>
slide27. ANY QUESTION ? 27<br>
slide28. EVALUATION Ques:-1 What are the medical emergencies in high altitude rescue?
Ques:-2 Cloudbursts are most common in which type of regions? 28<br>
slide29. 29 THANK YOU<br>