Paradoxes of journalistic profession: Russia in
Description: Paradoxes of journalistic profession: Russia in the Context of BRICS Kaarle Nordenstreng and Svetlana Pasti 1st International Conference on Journalism Studies, June 27-29, 2012 Santiago de Chile 2 2 BRICS as a New Framework BRICS as an
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slide1. Paradoxes of journalistic profession: Russia in the Context of BRICS Kaarle Nordenstreng and Svetlana Pasti 1st International Conference on Journalism Studies, June 27-29, 2012 Santiago de Chile<br>
slide2. 2 2 BRICS as a New Framework BRICS as an acronym for five countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Countries of big populations and growing economies:
30 percent of the world’s land mass
42 percent of the world’s population
By 2050 they would constitute the largest and most influential economies in the world 2<br>
slide3. 3 3 BRICS as a New Framework A growing political influence of BRICS group in the world
An effort to avoid dominant Western perspective, including ‘transitology’: export of Western model of modernisation
Search for new avenues in research of media systems and journalism profession 3<br>
slide4. 4 4 New Project Media Systems in Flux: The Challenge of the BRICS Countries Funding by Academy of Finland, 2012-2016,
Focus on theoretical concepts of
- media system
- role of media and journalists in democracies
- freedom and independence of media
Empirical mapping of
- citizen participation in and through media
- professional orientation of journalists
- education of journalists 4<br>
slide5. 5 5 Russia: 1st Paradox: Profession On the one hand, journalism is a dangerous job: over 300 killed, majority in home cities
On the other hand, journalism is fashionable occupation: growth of journalism schools, number of applicants, many from wealthy families
Journalism as PR and show business, where big money moves and personal career advancement is achieved, especially in large cities 5<br>
slide6. 6 6 2nd Paradox: Media Market On the one hand, Russian media market is ranked 10th in the world by economic indicators
On the other hand, nearly 80% of the press consists of non-market publications affiliated closely with financial-industrial groups or state-owned organizations with financing from regional and local budgets 6<br>
slide7. 7 7 3rd Paradox: Marriage of Liberalism and Authoritarianism On the one hand, the same logic of commercialization, concentration, convergence as in the West - the triumph of the liberal model
On the other hand, the authoritarian approach of the government: “instrumentalization of media” and “market authoritarianism” 7<br>
slide8. 8 8 4th Paradox: Democracy vs. Job On the one hand, deterioration in quality of democracy with decline of media freedom
On the other hand, job satisfaction among majority of journalists 8<br>
slide9. 9 9 9 9 Russia in World Audit Democracy http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/russia.htm Russia occupied place 134 – between Yemen and Chad out of 150 countries
Democracy rank in last 13 years from place 106 to 136
Press freedom rank 130 (without press freedom)
Corruption rank 127 – twice worse than China’s (61) and what Russia had 10 years back (76)<br>
slide10. 10 10 Editorial Autonomy Decline,1992-2008 10<br>
slide11. 11 11 Satisfaction Increase Who were satisfied with their jobs increased in 2008 (72%) in comparison to 1992 (62%)
Number of independent reporters decreased from 60% in 1992 to 20% in 2008
Main constraints in the work in 2008 were the local authorities and the editorial bosses 11<br>
slide12. 12 12 Two Main Trends of Russian Media System Etatization
Increase of state capital and mixed capital
(state & commercial) in media market
Commercialization
Economic interests prevail in media and professional thinking of journalists 12<br>
slide13. 13 13 Etatization Negative impact on Political independence
Positive impact on Personal satisfaction -
obvious guarantees against market uncertainty
At the same time it does not impede Commersialization
Typical journalist - conformist with two identities: 1) loyal staff employee and at the same time 2) market freelancer (second job) 13<br>
slide14. 14 14 Third Trend of Russian Media System New trend emerging from social networks (Vkontakte, Facebook) using digital media and feeding protest movements
Forced to change agenda of online media
Civil society together with online media contributes to politically independent journalism
Alternatives: to associate with the obedient (satisfied) mainstream media or with protesting (non-satisfied) online media 14<br>
slide15. State Capital Traditional
Media Civil
Society New Digital
Media Russia, 2011-<br>
slide16. 16 16 Thanks for your attention! _____ ___________ ___ __
____ ___ ___ __ ___ __ _______ _____ __________________ _____ ____
_______ ____ ___ __
____ ___ ___ __ ___ __ _______ _____ _____________ _____ ____ Kaarle.Nordenstreng@uta.fi
http://www.uta.fi/cmt/en/contact/staff/kaarlenordenstreng/index.html
Svetlana.Pasti@uta.fi
http://www.uta.fi/cmt/en/contact/staff/svetlanapasti/index.html 16<br>
slide2. 2 2 BRICS as a New Framework BRICS as an acronym for five countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Countries of big populations and growing economies:
30 percent of the world’s land mass
42 percent of the world’s population
By 2050 they would constitute the largest and most influential economies in the world 2<br>
slide3. 3 3 BRICS as a New Framework A growing political influence of BRICS group in the world
An effort to avoid dominant Western perspective, including ‘transitology’: export of Western model of modernisation
Search for new avenues in research of media systems and journalism profession 3<br>
slide4. 4 4 New Project Media Systems in Flux: The Challenge of the BRICS Countries Funding by Academy of Finland, 2012-2016,
Focus on theoretical concepts of
- media system
- role of media and journalists in democracies
- freedom and independence of media
Empirical mapping of
- citizen participation in and through media
- professional orientation of journalists
- education of journalists 4<br>
slide5. 5 5 Russia: 1st Paradox: Profession On the one hand, journalism is a dangerous job: over 300 killed, majority in home cities
On the other hand, journalism is fashionable occupation: growth of journalism schools, number of applicants, many from wealthy families
Journalism as PR and show business, where big money moves and personal career advancement is achieved, especially in large cities 5<br>
slide6. 6 6 2nd Paradox: Media Market On the one hand, Russian media market is ranked 10th in the world by economic indicators
On the other hand, nearly 80% of the press consists of non-market publications affiliated closely with financial-industrial groups or state-owned organizations with financing from regional and local budgets 6<br>
slide7. 7 7 3rd Paradox: Marriage of Liberalism and Authoritarianism On the one hand, the same logic of commercialization, concentration, convergence as in the West - the triumph of the liberal model
On the other hand, the authoritarian approach of the government: “instrumentalization of media” and “market authoritarianism” 7<br>
slide8. 8 8 4th Paradox: Democracy vs. Job On the one hand, deterioration in quality of democracy with decline of media freedom
On the other hand, job satisfaction among majority of journalists 8<br>
slide9. 9 9 9 9 Russia in World Audit Democracy http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/russia.htm Russia occupied place 134 – between Yemen and Chad out of 150 countries
Democracy rank in last 13 years from place 106 to 136
Press freedom rank 130 (without press freedom)
Corruption rank 127 – twice worse than China’s (61) and what Russia had 10 years back (76)<br>
slide10. 10 10 Editorial Autonomy Decline,1992-2008 10<br>
slide11. 11 11 Satisfaction Increase Who were satisfied with their jobs increased in 2008 (72%) in comparison to 1992 (62%)
Number of independent reporters decreased from 60% in 1992 to 20% in 2008
Main constraints in the work in 2008 were the local authorities and the editorial bosses 11<br>
slide12. 12 12 Two Main Trends of Russian Media System Etatization
Increase of state capital and mixed capital
(state & commercial) in media market
Commercialization
Economic interests prevail in media and professional thinking of journalists 12<br>
slide13. 13 13 Etatization Negative impact on Political independence
Positive impact on Personal satisfaction -
obvious guarantees against market uncertainty
At the same time it does not impede Commersialization
Typical journalist - conformist with two identities: 1) loyal staff employee and at the same time 2) market freelancer (second job) 13<br>
slide14. 14 14 Third Trend of Russian Media System New trend emerging from social networks (Vkontakte, Facebook) using digital media and feeding protest movements
Forced to change agenda of online media
Civil society together with online media contributes to politically independent journalism
Alternatives: to associate with the obedient (satisfied) mainstream media or with protesting (non-satisfied) online media 14<br>
slide15. State Capital Traditional
Media Civil
Society New Digital
Media Russia, 2011-<br>
slide16. 16 16 Thanks for your attention! _____ ___________ ___ __
____ ___ ___ __ ___ __ _______ _____ __________________ _____ ____
_______ ____ ___ __
____ ___ ___ __ ___ __ _______ _____ _____________ _____ ____ Kaarle.Nordenstreng@uta.fi
http://www.uta.fi/cmt/en/contact/staff/kaarlenordenstreng/index.html
Svetlana.Pasti@uta.fi
http://www.uta.fi/cmt/en/contact/staff/svetlanapasti/index.html 16<br>