To what extent does immigration aid a nation’s
Description: To what extent does immigration aid a nations development? The Economic Perspective Sharon Khabbaz Candidate Number: 0683 Center Number: US799 Group Members: Makayla Sinaise - Socio-Cultural Perspective Malcolm Pierre - Environmental
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slide1. To what extent does immigration aid a nation’s development?
The Economic Perspective Sharon Khabbaz
Candidate Number: 0683
Center Number: US799 Group Members:
Makayla Sinaise - Socio-Cultural Perspective
Malcolm Pierre - Environmental Perspective
Ashley Charles - Ethical Perspective
Victoria Da Silva - Political Perspective<br>
slide2. What is Immigration? Who is an Immigrant? According to the International Organization for Migration, Immigration is “the act of moving into a country other than one’s country of nationality or usual residence, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.”
Subsequently, an immigrant is “a person who moves into a country other than that of his or her nationality or usual residence, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.”<br>
slide3. What is migration and emigration? Who is a migrant and an emigrant? Migration: The movement of a person or people away from their place of usual residence, either across an international border or within a State.
Migrant: A person who moves away from their place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons. Emigration: the act of moving from one’s country of nationality or usual residence to another country, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.
Emigrant: a person who moves from his or her country of nationality or usual residence to another country, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.<br>
slide4. Economics and Immigration Recent trends in immigration along with statistical information pertaining to the economic stability of nations worldwide demonstrate that immigration has played a significant role in the development of global communities.
According to the McKinsey Global Institute, as of 2016, over 90% of the approximate 247 million cross-border migrants worldwide moved voluntarily, and primarily for economic reasons.
Imbalances in immigration become a problem to a nation’s development when the domestic population does not get to reap the economic benefits their country can provide for them.<br>
slide5. Local Perspective - The United States Locally, the United States is considered to be a nation with people of mixed backgrounds due to their immigration into the country. Spikes in immigration have stimulated the economy, so much so that we depend on immigration to maintain the economy.
Immigrants account for a large portion of the American workforce, and there have been claims of them “stealing” jobs and using the country for their own economic gain. On the contrary, there has been a larger net positive impact of immigration on the development of the United States, specifically the country’s economy. Immigrant workers help support the aging native-born population, increasing the number of workers in comparison to retirees and bolstering the Social Security and Medicare trust funds.
As of 2014, immigrants accounted for about 47% of the increase in the American workforce.
Much of this immigrant population has taken jobs that were unfilled yet fundamental to the development of a country. These sectors include farming and construction.
As of 2016, it was estimated that the employment rate of foreign-born workers was higher than that of native-born workers, a comparison of 67.5% to 67.2%.<br>
slide6. Local Perspective - The United States Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics as of 2016<br>
slide7. Global Perspective - Greece Statistics show that the country has been taking a hit to its economy with the immigration of refugees, specifically from countries such as and Syria and Turkey.
Officials believe that the country has surpassed its maximum capacity and can no longer house or accept more immigrants, specifically at the rate it has been doing so in this past decade. Data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as of March 2016<br>
slide8. Global Perspective - Greece Undocumented immigrants are typically employed in an informal sector of the economy, and are paid lower wages than Greek workers similar qualifications.
The Greek government has reported their economy to be in a crisis as of 2008, in extreme recession, and the refugee crisis it has been faced with has greatly contributed to this. Image from International Organization for Migration (IOM)<br>
slide9. Global Perspective - Venezuela A significant decline in immigration along with an upwards trend of emigration has contributed to the country’s economic decline since the early 21st century.
The lack of immigration into the country and emigration out of it has contributed to its economic downfall as the workforce has decreased and there are scarce resources available to fundamentally strengthen the economy. Data from the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) as of November 2019.<br>
slide10. Global Perspective - Venezuela This country has and continues to face a displacement crisis, with about 5 million people having fled the country. The economic hit this has had on the economy is significant, as the working population has lost their jobs and the government has gained a monopoly on most products.
This large scale emigration shows the extent to which immigration and lack of it affects the development of a country as well as the economy. Data from the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) as of 2012.<br>
slide11. Global Perspective - Venezuela Data shows drastic population decrease, from a country with the former average population approximately the same as Florida, USA.<br>
slide12. Proposed Solution An effective solution to the problem is international action and cooperation.
With this, countries can join a plan that enacts foreign policy and financial aid to countries that are struggling with financial stability.
This would require help from economic analysts to properly determine how to help the economy of nations. Along with this, countries must enact domestic policies and regulation such as quotas to be strictly adhered to, as well as embassies that regulate and respect a country’s current state.
Implementing rules and regulations will hold immigration offices and organizations accountable for their actions as they will have to account for every person that immigrates, as well as the reason behind immigrating from the country of origin.
International aid will improve individual countries, decreasing the refugee population worldwide and strengthening domestic economies while at it.<br>
slide13. Local Implementation of Proposed Solution Locally in the United States, the country would have to enact more specific quotas and follow limits.
Fixed visa quotas should try to be tweaked according to past trends, as enabling the immigration of people seeking a place in the workforce would potentially improve the economy.
Organizations dedicated to helping and regulating immigratory policies, like USCIS, would be of aid as they hold information and documentation on this issue.<br>
slide14. Global Implementation of Proposed Solution Being that Greece’s economy is at a point of collapsation as described by the local government, financial aid would be of use as the nation regains financial stability.
Thorough analysis and evaluation of the cause of immigration to Greece can help international bodies determine the cause of this influx. Analytical research and interpretation of data can aid in assessing the financial struggles of Venezuela along with the migratory impact on the economy.
International cooperation would simplify this process and possibly speed it up as emigration from the country has affects on countries worldwide.
The root of the lack of immigration and spike of emigration can be identified and addressed as needed.<br>
slide15. Conclusion A collaborative effort would lead to a collaborative solution.
Without properly addressing how immigration hinders or benefits the development of a nation, problems such as the ones seen from a global perspective today will occur and spread throughout.<br>
slide16. Sources Edmonston, Barry and Smith, James P. The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. 1997. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
www.nap.edu/read/5779/chapter/6.
OECD. Migration Policy Debates. May 2014. Accessed: October 15, 2020. www.oecd.org/migration/OECD%20Migration%20Policy%20Debates%20Numero%202.pdf.
Porter, Eduardo, and Russell, Karl. Migrants Are on the Rise Around the World, and Myths About Them Are Shaping Attitudes. June 20, 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/06/20/business/economy/immigration-economic-impact.html.
OECD. How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries' Economies. 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264288737-en.pdf?expires=1603150378&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=461ACA95162638808C41E0D0EF68B571.
National Academies of Sciences. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration. 21 September 2016. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.17226/23550.<br>
slide17. Sources Cholezas, Ioannis and Tsakloglou, Panos. The Economic Impact of Immigration in Greece: Taking Stock of the Existing Evidence. October 2008. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
ftp.iza.org/dp3754.pdf.
Cavounidis, Jennifer. The Migration Experience of Greece and the Impact of the Economic Crisis on Its Migrant and Native Populations. November 21, 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky204
Campana, Farhinisa. Greece's Refugee Crisis Creates a Strain on an Already Fragile Ecosystem. November 27, 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. www.pri.org/stories/2018-11-27/greeces-refugee-crisis-creates-strain-already-fragile-ecosystem.
International Organization for Migration. WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2020. 2020. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
www.iom.int/wmr/.
International Organization for Migration. Venezuelan Refugee and Migrant Crisis. May 15, 2020. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
www.iom.int/venezuela-refugee-and-migrant-crisis.<br>
slide18. Sources CBPP. Immigrants Contribute Greatly to U.S. Economy, Despite Administration’s “Public Charge” Rule Rationale. August 15, 2019. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/immigrants-contribute-greatly-to-us-economy-despite-administrations
International Organization for Migration. Glossary on Migration. 2019. Accessed: October 26, 2020. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/iml_34_glossary.pdf
The World Bank. Venezuelan Migration: The 4,500-Kilometer Gap Between Desperation and Opportunity. November 26, 2019. Accessed: October 26, 2020. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/11/26/migracion-venezolana-4500-kilometros-entre-el-abandono-y-la-oportunidad<br>
slide19. Picture Sources The Hamilton Project. Immigrants are much more likely than others to work in construction or service occupations. October 9, 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.hamiltonproject.org/ee-ce-image/made/assets/img/uploads/charts/fig6_1080_666.PNG
UNHCR. Greece on the Frontline. March 2016. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://cdn.statcdn.com/Infographic/images/normal/4446.jpeg
Malavolta, F. Migrants and refugees struggle ashore on a beach. 2016. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.global-geneva.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/GREECE.jpg
UNHCR. #Venezuelan Migration. November 2019. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/infographics/780xany/2019/nov/venezuelamigration-map.png
CSIS. Venezuela Total Foreign Debt. 20212. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/190116_chart2.JPG
World Bank. Venezuela: Population growth from 2009 to 2019. 2020. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.statista.com/graphic/1/370779/population-growth-in-venezuela.jpg
The Pew Charitable Trusts. States With the Largest Increases in Venezuelan Immigrant Population, 2017. 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/post-launch-images/2018/10/largestvenezuelanincrease_table.png?mw=2580&hash=FBE9AE2B6CBD09A305E8CD3BB1A91FBA<br>
The Economic Perspective Sharon Khabbaz
Candidate Number: 0683
Center Number: US799 Group Members:
Makayla Sinaise - Socio-Cultural Perspective
Malcolm Pierre - Environmental Perspective
Ashley Charles - Ethical Perspective
Victoria Da Silva - Political Perspective<br>
slide2. What is Immigration? Who is an Immigrant? According to the International Organization for Migration, Immigration is “the act of moving into a country other than one’s country of nationality or usual residence, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.”
Subsequently, an immigrant is “a person who moves into a country other than that of his or her nationality or usual residence, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.”<br>
slide3. What is migration and emigration? Who is a migrant and an emigrant? Migration: The movement of a person or people away from their place of usual residence, either across an international border or within a State.
Migrant: A person who moves away from their place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons. Emigration: the act of moving from one’s country of nationality or usual residence to another country, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.
Emigrant: a person who moves from his or her country of nationality or usual residence to another country, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence.<br>
slide4. Economics and Immigration Recent trends in immigration along with statistical information pertaining to the economic stability of nations worldwide demonstrate that immigration has played a significant role in the development of global communities.
According to the McKinsey Global Institute, as of 2016, over 90% of the approximate 247 million cross-border migrants worldwide moved voluntarily, and primarily for economic reasons.
Imbalances in immigration become a problem to a nation’s development when the domestic population does not get to reap the economic benefits their country can provide for them.<br>
slide5. Local Perspective - The United States Locally, the United States is considered to be a nation with people of mixed backgrounds due to their immigration into the country. Spikes in immigration have stimulated the economy, so much so that we depend on immigration to maintain the economy.
Immigrants account for a large portion of the American workforce, and there have been claims of them “stealing” jobs and using the country for their own economic gain. On the contrary, there has been a larger net positive impact of immigration on the development of the United States, specifically the country’s economy. Immigrant workers help support the aging native-born population, increasing the number of workers in comparison to retirees and bolstering the Social Security and Medicare trust funds.
As of 2014, immigrants accounted for about 47% of the increase in the American workforce.
Much of this immigrant population has taken jobs that were unfilled yet fundamental to the development of a country. These sectors include farming and construction.
As of 2016, it was estimated that the employment rate of foreign-born workers was higher than that of native-born workers, a comparison of 67.5% to 67.2%.<br>
slide6. Local Perspective - The United States Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics as of 2016<br>
slide7. Global Perspective - Greece Statistics show that the country has been taking a hit to its economy with the immigration of refugees, specifically from countries such as and Syria and Turkey.
Officials believe that the country has surpassed its maximum capacity and can no longer house or accept more immigrants, specifically at the rate it has been doing so in this past decade. Data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as of March 2016<br>
slide8. Global Perspective - Greece Undocumented immigrants are typically employed in an informal sector of the economy, and are paid lower wages than Greek workers similar qualifications.
The Greek government has reported their economy to be in a crisis as of 2008, in extreme recession, and the refugee crisis it has been faced with has greatly contributed to this. Image from International Organization for Migration (IOM)<br>
slide9. Global Perspective - Venezuela A significant decline in immigration along with an upwards trend of emigration has contributed to the country’s economic decline since the early 21st century.
The lack of immigration into the country and emigration out of it has contributed to its economic downfall as the workforce has decreased and there are scarce resources available to fundamentally strengthen the economy. Data from the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) as of November 2019.<br>
slide10. Global Perspective - Venezuela This country has and continues to face a displacement crisis, with about 5 million people having fled the country. The economic hit this has had on the economy is significant, as the working population has lost their jobs and the government has gained a monopoly on most products.
This large scale emigration shows the extent to which immigration and lack of it affects the development of a country as well as the economy. Data from the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) as of 2012.<br>
slide11. Global Perspective - Venezuela Data shows drastic population decrease, from a country with the former average population approximately the same as Florida, USA.<br>
slide12. Proposed Solution An effective solution to the problem is international action and cooperation.
With this, countries can join a plan that enacts foreign policy and financial aid to countries that are struggling with financial stability.
This would require help from economic analysts to properly determine how to help the economy of nations. Along with this, countries must enact domestic policies and regulation such as quotas to be strictly adhered to, as well as embassies that regulate and respect a country’s current state.
Implementing rules and regulations will hold immigration offices and organizations accountable for their actions as they will have to account for every person that immigrates, as well as the reason behind immigrating from the country of origin.
International aid will improve individual countries, decreasing the refugee population worldwide and strengthening domestic economies while at it.<br>
slide13. Local Implementation of Proposed Solution Locally in the United States, the country would have to enact more specific quotas and follow limits.
Fixed visa quotas should try to be tweaked according to past trends, as enabling the immigration of people seeking a place in the workforce would potentially improve the economy.
Organizations dedicated to helping and regulating immigratory policies, like USCIS, would be of aid as they hold information and documentation on this issue.<br>
slide14. Global Implementation of Proposed Solution Being that Greece’s economy is at a point of collapsation as described by the local government, financial aid would be of use as the nation regains financial stability.
Thorough analysis and evaluation of the cause of immigration to Greece can help international bodies determine the cause of this influx. Analytical research and interpretation of data can aid in assessing the financial struggles of Venezuela along with the migratory impact on the economy.
International cooperation would simplify this process and possibly speed it up as emigration from the country has affects on countries worldwide.
The root of the lack of immigration and spike of emigration can be identified and addressed as needed.<br>
slide15. Conclusion A collaborative effort would lead to a collaborative solution.
Without properly addressing how immigration hinders or benefits the development of a nation, problems such as the ones seen from a global perspective today will occur and spread throughout.<br>
slide16. Sources Edmonston, Barry and Smith, James P. The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. 1997. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
www.nap.edu/read/5779/chapter/6.
OECD. Migration Policy Debates. May 2014. Accessed: October 15, 2020. www.oecd.org/migration/OECD%20Migration%20Policy%20Debates%20Numero%202.pdf.
Porter, Eduardo, and Russell, Karl. Migrants Are on the Rise Around the World, and Myths About Them Are Shaping Attitudes. June 20, 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/06/20/business/economy/immigration-economic-impact.html.
OECD. How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries' Economies. 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264288737-en.pdf?expires=1603150378&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=461ACA95162638808C41E0D0EF68B571.
National Academies of Sciences. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration. 21 September 2016. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.17226/23550.<br>
slide17. Sources Cholezas, Ioannis and Tsakloglou, Panos. The Economic Impact of Immigration in Greece: Taking Stock of the Existing Evidence. October 2008. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
ftp.iza.org/dp3754.pdf.
Cavounidis, Jennifer. The Migration Experience of Greece and the Impact of the Economic Crisis on Its Migrant and Native Populations. November 21, 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky204
Campana, Farhinisa. Greece's Refugee Crisis Creates a Strain on an Already Fragile Ecosystem. November 27, 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. www.pri.org/stories/2018-11-27/greeces-refugee-crisis-creates-strain-already-fragile-ecosystem.
International Organization for Migration. WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2020. 2020. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
www.iom.int/wmr/.
International Organization for Migration. Venezuelan Refugee and Migrant Crisis. May 15, 2020. Accessed: October 15, 2020.
www.iom.int/venezuela-refugee-and-migrant-crisis.<br>
slide18. Sources CBPP. Immigrants Contribute Greatly to U.S. Economy, Despite Administration’s “Public Charge” Rule Rationale. August 15, 2019. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/immigrants-contribute-greatly-to-us-economy-despite-administrations
International Organization for Migration. Glossary on Migration. 2019. Accessed: October 26, 2020. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/iml_34_glossary.pdf
The World Bank. Venezuelan Migration: The 4,500-Kilometer Gap Between Desperation and Opportunity. November 26, 2019. Accessed: October 26, 2020. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/11/26/migracion-venezolana-4500-kilometros-entre-el-abandono-y-la-oportunidad<br>
slide19. Picture Sources The Hamilton Project. Immigrants are much more likely than others to work in construction or service occupations. October 9, 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.hamiltonproject.org/ee-ce-image/made/assets/img/uploads/charts/fig6_1080_666.PNG
UNHCR. Greece on the Frontline. March 2016. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://cdn.statcdn.com/Infographic/images/normal/4446.jpeg
Malavolta, F. Migrants and refugees struggle ashore on a beach. 2016. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.global-geneva.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/GREECE.jpg
UNHCR. #Venezuelan Migration. November 2019. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/infographics/780xany/2019/nov/venezuelamigration-map.png
CSIS. Venezuela Total Foreign Debt. 20212. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/190116_chart2.JPG
World Bank. Venezuela: Population growth from 2009 to 2019. 2020. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.statista.com/graphic/1/370779/population-growth-in-venezuela.jpg
The Pew Charitable Trusts. States With the Largest Increases in Venezuelan Immigrant Population, 2017. 2018. Accessed: October 15, 2020. https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/post-launch-images/2018/10/largestvenezuelanincrease_table.png?mw=2580&hash=FBE9AE2B6CBD09A305E8CD3BB1A91FBA<br>