Toru Furusawa Nov 28th 2024 1 A-LCA IWG SG2 MTG
Description: Toru Furusawa Nov 28th 2024 1 A-LCA IWG SG2 MTG Follow up task Drafting preparation Follow-up task Recycling Carbon Footprint: Clarify the inclusion of carbon emissions from the recycling process in the life cycle assessment, particularly
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slide1. Toru Furusawa
Nov 28th 2024 1 A-LCA IWG SG2 MTG Follow up task
Drafting preparation<br>
slide2. Follow-up task Recycling Carbon Footprint: Clarify the inclusion of carbon emissions from the recycling process in the life cycle assessment, particularly for steel and plastics.
Cut-off Criteria Clarification: Review and clarify the cut-off criteria for including recycled material emissions in the carbon footprint assessment, ensuring valid justification for any exclusions.
Level Concept Documentation: Propose and document a clear explanation of the Level 3 concept, including the use of BOM and IMDS data, and address the availability of primary data for carbon intensity.
Chain of Custody Proposal: Review the proposed definitions and usage of mass balance and book and claim methods for chain of custody, and provide feedback or suggestions. (All Participants)
Draft Review and Feedback: Review the current draft documentation, identify any concerns or areas needing clarification, and bring countermeasure proposals to the next meeting. (All Participants)<br>
slide3. Material list 1 ●Constructed (or Reference DB), 〇Under construction, - TBD<br>
slide4. 4 Material list 2<br>
slide5. Steel - Upstream<br>
slide6. Steel - Downstream<br>
slide7. IDEA - Cold-rolled steel sheets Crude Steel Converter furnace Cold-rolled steel sheets Cold-rolled steel sheets
EAF Cold-rolled steel sheets
BOF Ferro-Manganese Silico-Manganese Ferro-Silicon Metallic Manganese Other Ferroalloys 93.5% 6.5% Heat , fossil fuels Iron ore Pig iron Steel scrap, Iron scrap Manganese and chromium ore Coke, Graphite Quicklime Electric furnace Processes: Cold-rolled steel sheets (including cold-rolled low-carbon sheets and regenerated finish steel sheets) {JP} | 222212000mJPN | U
Region: Japan
Comment: Assuming the average manufacturing methods in Japan in 2015, this was created based on the production volume composition of ordinary cold-rolled steel sheets (including cold-rolled low-carbon sheets and recycled finished steel sheets) produced from crude steel via the converter method and electric arc furnace method.
References: 'Steel Handbook' (Japan Iron and Steel Federation, 2002), 'Steel Statistics Annual Report 2000' (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2001), 'Resource Statistics Annual Report 2001' (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2002), 'Input-Output Table for 2005' (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 2009), 'Japanese Industrial Standards (Steel)', 'The 80th Nishiyama Memorial Technical Lecture: Future Energy Structure in the Steel Industry' (Tetsuya Yamamoto, Ken Nakagawa, Japan Iron and Steel Federation, 1982), 'Production Dynamics Statistics Annual Report 2015 - Iron and Steel, Nonferrous Metals, and Metal Products Statistics' (Economic and Industrial Statistics Association, 2016).
Time period: 2015
GWP100: XX kg / kg-CO2eq.<br>
slide8. ecoinvent - sheet rolling, steel Upstream Processes:
market for steel, low-alloyed
https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.9.1/cutoff/dataset/7099/documentation
Region: GLO
UUID: 46d1e548-981c-5bb2-8821-55fee9f66320
Comment: Low-alloy steel produced by BOF. It includes preprocessing steps such as desulfurization, mixing of alloying additives, reduction in the BOF furnace, secondary metallurgy, and ingot manufacturing. The maximum content of alloying elements is 5%.
References:
Remus, R., Aguado-Monsonet, M. A., Roudier, S. & Samcho, L. D. (2013). JRC reference report - Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for iron and steel production. Joint Research Centre - European Commission, Luxemboug.
Worldsteel (2010). Steel industry by-products. World Steel Association: Brussels, Belgium.“
Time period: 2013-2023
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Electricity Heat, Natural gas Kraft Paper Lime Steel, low-alloyed Sulfuric acid Water, deionised Hydrochloric acid Pickling,
Cold rolling,
Annealing,
Tempering Sheet rolling, steel Coke Electricity Ferronickel Iron scrap Ferromanganese Natural gas Oxygen Pig iron Quicklime Iron ore Basic oxygen furnace(BOF) Downstream Processes:
market for sheet rolling, steel
https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.9.1/cutoff/dataset/9778/documentation
Region: GLO
UUID: 21ad4866-afe8-56f9-a3ba-bdfe57776251
Comment: Service process for rolling 1 kg of steel plates. It includes pickling, cold rolling, annealing, tempering, finishing and inspection, packaging, and maintenance.
Time period: 2011-2022
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq.<br>
slide9. GaBi - Steel sheet Cold Rolled coil Iron ore Pelletizing Processes: Steel sheet HDG (EN 15804 A1-A3); BF route; production mix, at plant; strip-galvanized
https://lcadatabase.sphera.com/2024/xml-data/processes/0e795ee9-baf7-477b-9b08-cce8bd6d27bc.xml
Region: Germany
Comment: The primary raw materials for German steel production are iron ore, pellets, and hard coal. The import mix for iron ore and pellets is 50% from Canada, 25% from Brazil, and 25% from Australia, while hard coal is sourced entirely from Canada. The average iron content in iron ore is 60%, and pellets are small crystallized balls of iron ore.
In the production process, coke is produced from hard coal in coke ovens, generating coke oven gas (COG) as a by-product for energy. The sinter plant creates sinter feed from coke, iron ore, and additives through high-temperature agglomeration.
The blast furnace operates by continuously feeding iron-bearing materials, additives, and reducing agents, producing hot metal, blast furnace gas (BF gas), and slag. The oxygen steelmaking process oxidizes impurities in the metallic feedstock, resulting in liquid steel, basic oxygen furnace gas (BOF gas), and BOF slag.After steel production, continuous casting forms slabs, which are then processed in hot and cold rolling mills to enhance strength and surface quality. Finally, cold-rolled sheets undergo hot-dip aluminizing for aluminum coating. Transportation logistics are also considered throughout the process.
Reference year: 2023
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Blast furnace Pellet Grade sinter Coke Basic oxygen furnace(BOF) Hot rolling Pickling Cold rolling Annealing Hot metal Scrap<br>
slide10. 10 Crude Oil Naphtha Naphtha Cracking Atmospheric Distillation Propylene Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Polymerization Reaction Polypropylene Drying, Granulation Toho Titanium Industry Association. Catalyst discussion (column). Catalyst Industry Association Glossary. Retrieved 2024-10, from https://cmaj.jp/check/?privfile=47-50-48-49-57-47-48-51-47-50-48-46-112-100-102
Japan Sanipack Co., Ltd. Words. Retrieved 2024-10, from https://www.sanipak.jp/faq/words.html Product Flake Recycled Oil Shredder Pyrolysis Biobased Polypropylene (standard) Chemical recycle Mechanical
Recycle<br>
slide11. 11 Catalyst Polymerization Reaction Propylene Ethylene Water Solvent Wrapping Paper Packaging Polypropylene IDEA Code:163518000pJPN
Included activities end:(Propylene)～Polymerization Reaction～Packaging
Technical Comment: Modeling the polymerization manufacturing process using a chemical process simulator with propylene as the raw material.
Start date:2001/01/01
End date:2010/12/31
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Polypropylene (IDEA v3.1)<br>
slide12. Titanium Tetrachloride Polymerization Reaction Propylene Ethylene Water Solvent Polypropylene Process name: market for polypropylene, granulate
Region : GLO UUID: 634878a8-8c8c-5ebc-8942-aa43a0b13f69
Included activities end: Monomers and comonomers are input into the polymerization plant → polymerization → shipment
Technical Comment: Production system mix of commercial PP manufacturing technology. Manufactured with 100% virgin material.
Start date: 01/01/2011
End date: 31/12/2022
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Nitrogen Polypropylene (Ecoinvent 3.9.1)<br>
slide13. Catalyst Polymerization Reaction Propylene Deionized Water Hydrogen Polypropylene Process name: Polypropylene granulate (PP) mix; technology mix; consumption mix, to consumer; 0.86 to 0.95 g/cm3, 43 MJ net calorific value
Region : DE UUID: 313b4865-e554-4f3a-bbaf-ecab7c15c061
Included activities end: Input to polymerization plant ~ polymerization ~ shipment
Technical Comment: PP resin in Germany. Technology mix. Manufactured with 100% virgin material. Produced from propylene obtained from naphtha.
Reference year: 2023
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Nitrogen Polypropylene (LCA For Experts v2024 :Gabi)<br>
slide14. SG7-1 A. Level.3 A. company→LCA practitioner A. Annex.4 Just for reference
(World steel, IAI, ICI,,) A. Not yet<br>
slide15. SG7-2 A. [A-1] , [A-2] If SG5 get together all stages’ disposal process,
SG2 disposal could be excluded. Otherwise, SG2 included.
→ SG3 seemed to include own disposal, SG2 also includes own disposal process.<br>
slide16. SG7-3 A. Sure, it’s correct A. in line with Module D of SG5 A. Basically, yes. (cut-off)<br>
slide17. SG7-4 Correct.
it depends on each company although
standard value exists in commercial DB. No. Level 3 and 4 need primary data. Refer to p.19<br>
slide18. SG7-5 A. Under investigation<br>
slide19. Revise of Level concept fromSG2 19<br>
Nov 28th 2024 1 A-LCA IWG SG2 MTG Follow up task
Drafting preparation<br>
slide2. Follow-up task Recycling Carbon Footprint: Clarify the inclusion of carbon emissions from the recycling process in the life cycle assessment, particularly for steel and plastics.
Cut-off Criteria Clarification: Review and clarify the cut-off criteria for including recycled material emissions in the carbon footprint assessment, ensuring valid justification for any exclusions.
Level Concept Documentation: Propose and document a clear explanation of the Level 3 concept, including the use of BOM and IMDS data, and address the availability of primary data for carbon intensity.
Chain of Custody Proposal: Review the proposed definitions and usage of mass balance and book and claim methods for chain of custody, and provide feedback or suggestions. (All Participants)
Draft Review and Feedback: Review the current draft documentation, identify any concerns or areas needing clarification, and bring countermeasure proposals to the next meeting. (All Participants)<br>
slide3. Material list 1 ●Constructed (or Reference DB), 〇Under construction, - TBD<br>
slide4. 4 Material list 2<br>
slide5. Steel - Upstream<br>
slide6. Steel - Downstream<br>
slide7. IDEA - Cold-rolled steel sheets Crude Steel Converter furnace Cold-rolled steel sheets Cold-rolled steel sheets
EAF Cold-rolled steel sheets
BOF Ferro-Manganese Silico-Manganese Ferro-Silicon Metallic Manganese Other Ferroalloys 93.5% 6.5% Heat , fossil fuels Iron ore Pig iron Steel scrap, Iron scrap Manganese and chromium ore Coke, Graphite Quicklime Electric furnace Processes: Cold-rolled steel sheets (including cold-rolled low-carbon sheets and regenerated finish steel sheets) {JP} | 222212000mJPN | U
Region: Japan
Comment: Assuming the average manufacturing methods in Japan in 2015, this was created based on the production volume composition of ordinary cold-rolled steel sheets (including cold-rolled low-carbon sheets and recycled finished steel sheets) produced from crude steel via the converter method and electric arc furnace method.
References: 'Steel Handbook' (Japan Iron and Steel Federation, 2002), 'Steel Statistics Annual Report 2000' (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2001), 'Resource Statistics Annual Report 2001' (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2002), 'Input-Output Table for 2005' (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 2009), 'Japanese Industrial Standards (Steel)', 'The 80th Nishiyama Memorial Technical Lecture: Future Energy Structure in the Steel Industry' (Tetsuya Yamamoto, Ken Nakagawa, Japan Iron and Steel Federation, 1982), 'Production Dynamics Statistics Annual Report 2015 - Iron and Steel, Nonferrous Metals, and Metal Products Statistics' (Economic and Industrial Statistics Association, 2016).
Time period: 2015
GWP100: XX kg / kg-CO2eq.<br>
slide8. ecoinvent - sheet rolling, steel Upstream Processes:
market for steel, low-alloyed
https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.9.1/cutoff/dataset/7099/documentation
Region: GLO
UUID: 46d1e548-981c-5bb2-8821-55fee9f66320
Comment: Low-alloy steel produced by BOF. It includes preprocessing steps such as desulfurization, mixing of alloying additives, reduction in the BOF furnace, secondary metallurgy, and ingot manufacturing. The maximum content of alloying elements is 5%.
References:
Remus, R., Aguado-Monsonet, M. A., Roudier, S. & Samcho, L. D. (2013). JRC reference report - Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for iron and steel production. Joint Research Centre - European Commission, Luxemboug.
Worldsteel (2010). Steel industry by-products. World Steel Association: Brussels, Belgium.“
Time period: 2013-2023
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Electricity Heat, Natural gas Kraft Paper Lime Steel, low-alloyed Sulfuric acid Water, deionised Hydrochloric acid Pickling,
Cold rolling,
Annealing,
Tempering Sheet rolling, steel Coke Electricity Ferronickel Iron scrap Ferromanganese Natural gas Oxygen Pig iron Quicklime Iron ore Basic oxygen furnace(BOF) Downstream Processes:
market for sheet rolling, steel
https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.9.1/cutoff/dataset/9778/documentation
Region: GLO
UUID: 21ad4866-afe8-56f9-a3ba-bdfe57776251
Comment: Service process for rolling 1 kg of steel plates. It includes pickling, cold rolling, annealing, tempering, finishing and inspection, packaging, and maintenance.
Time period: 2011-2022
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq.<br>
slide9. GaBi - Steel sheet Cold Rolled coil Iron ore Pelletizing Processes: Steel sheet HDG (EN 15804 A1-A3); BF route; production mix, at plant; strip-galvanized
https://lcadatabase.sphera.com/2024/xml-data/processes/0e795ee9-baf7-477b-9b08-cce8bd6d27bc.xml
Region: Germany
Comment: The primary raw materials for German steel production are iron ore, pellets, and hard coal. The import mix for iron ore and pellets is 50% from Canada, 25% from Brazil, and 25% from Australia, while hard coal is sourced entirely from Canada. The average iron content in iron ore is 60%, and pellets are small crystallized balls of iron ore.
In the production process, coke is produced from hard coal in coke ovens, generating coke oven gas (COG) as a by-product for energy. The sinter plant creates sinter feed from coke, iron ore, and additives through high-temperature agglomeration.
The blast furnace operates by continuously feeding iron-bearing materials, additives, and reducing agents, producing hot metal, blast furnace gas (BF gas), and slag. The oxygen steelmaking process oxidizes impurities in the metallic feedstock, resulting in liquid steel, basic oxygen furnace gas (BOF gas), and BOF slag.After steel production, continuous casting forms slabs, which are then processed in hot and cold rolling mills to enhance strength and surface quality. Finally, cold-rolled sheets undergo hot-dip aluminizing for aluminum coating. Transportation logistics are also considered throughout the process.
Reference year: 2023
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Blast furnace Pellet Grade sinter Coke Basic oxygen furnace(BOF) Hot rolling Pickling Cold rolling Annealing Hot metal Scrap<br>
slide10. 10 Crude Oil Naphtha Naphtha Cracking Atmospheric Distillation Propylene Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Polymerization Reaction Polypropylene Drying, Granulation Toho Titanium Industry Association. Catalyst discussion (column). Catalyst Industry Association Glossary. Retrieved 2024-10, from https://cmaj.jp/check/?privfile=47-50-48-49-57-47-48-51-47-50-48-46-112-100-102
Japan Sanipack Co., Ltd. Words. Retrieved 2024-10, from https://www.sanipak.jp/faq/words.html Product Flake Recycled Oil Shredder Pyrolysis Biobased Polypropylene (standard) Chemical recycle Mechanical
Recycle<br>
slide11. 11 Catalyst Polymerization Reaction Propylene Ethylene Water Solvent Wrapping Paper Packaging Polypropylene IDEA Code:163518000pJPN
Included activities end:(Propylene)～Polymerization Reaction～Packaging
Technical Comment: Modeling the polymerization manufacturing process using a chemical process simulator with propylene as the raw material.
Start date:2001/01/01
End date:2010/12/31
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Polypropylene (IDEA v3.1)<br>
slide12. Titanium Tetrachloride Polymerization Reaction Propylene Ethylene Water Solvent Polypropylene Process name: market for polypropylene, granulate
Region : GLO UUID: 634878a8-8c8c-5ebc-8942-aa43a0b13f69
Included activities end: Monomers and comonomers are input into the polymerization plant → polymerization → shipment
Technical Comment: Production system mix of commercial PP manufacturing technology. Manufactured with 100% virgin material.
Start date: 01/01/2011
End date: 31/12/2022
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Nitrogen Polypropylene (Ecoinvent 3.9.1)<br>
slide13. Catalyst Polymerization Reaction Propylene Deionized Water Hydrogen Polypropylene Process name: Polypropylene granulate (PP) mix; technology mix; consumption mix, to consumer; 0.86 to 0.95 g/cm3, 43 MJ net calorific value
Region : DE UUID: 313b4865-e554-4f3a-bbaf-ecab7c15c061
Included activities end: Input to polymerization plant ~ polymerization ~ shipment
Technical Comment: PP resin in Germany. Technology mix. Manufactured with 100% virgin material. Produced from propylene obtained from naphtha.
Reference year: 2023
GWP100: XXX kg / kg-CO2eq. Nitrogen Polypropylene (LCA For Experts v2024 :Gabi)<br>
slide14. SG7-1 A. Level.3 A. company→LCA practitioner A. Annex.4 Just for reference
(World steel, IAI, ICI,,) A. Not yet<br>
slide15. SG7-2 A. [A-1] , [A-2] If SG5 get together all stages’ disposal process,
SG2 disposal could be excluded. Otherwise, SG2 included.
→ SG3 seemed to include own disposal, SG2 also includes own disposal process.<br>
slide16. SG7-3 A. Sure, it’s correct A. in line with Module D of SG5 A. Basically, yes. (cut-off)<br>
slide17. SG7-4 Correct.
it depends on each company although
standard value exists in commercial DB. No. Level 3 and 4 need primary data. Refer to p.19<br>
slide18. SG7-5 A. Under investigation<br>
slide19. Revise of Level concept fromSG2 19<br>