Virgil, Aeneid I GCSE Latin Verse Set text 2017
Description: Virgil, Aeneid I GCSE Latin Verse Set text 2017 Section 1: lines 180-193 Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem 180 prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis, aut Capyn, aut celsis in
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slide1. Virgil, Aeneid I GCSE Latin Verse Set text 2017<br>
slide2. Section 1: lines 180-193 Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem 180 prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis, aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici. navem in conspectu nullam, tres litore cervos prospicit errantes; hos tota armenta sequuntur 185 a tergo, et longum per vallis pascitur agmen. Aeneas meanwhile climbs a cliff and seeks a complete view far and wide over the sea, in case he might catch some sight of someone [such as] Antheus, tossed by the wind and the Trojan biremes, or Capys, or the armour of Caicus on the lofty prow. He observes no ship in view [but] three stags wandering on the shore; the whole herd follows these from behind and the long column grazes along the valley. Phrygius, -a, -um = Phrygian = Trojan
biremis, -is = bireme (an ancient warship with two decks of oars)
puppis, -is = stern (the back part of a ship)
Antheus, Capys, Caicus = Trojan companions of Aeneas<br>
slide3. Section 1: lines 180-193 constitit hic, arcumque manu celerisque sagittas corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates; ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentes cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum vulgus, et omnem 190 miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam; nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor corpora fundat humi, et numerum cum navibus aequet. He stopped here and took up with his hand the bow and swift arrows, the weapons which faithful Achates was carrying, and he laid out first the leaders themselves bearing their heads high with branching horns, then he confuses the herd, even driving the whole crowd among the leafy forests with his spears. Nor does he stop before, as victor, he pours out seven mighty bodies onto the ground and matches their number to his ships. Achates = one of Aeneas’ closest companions; his name became a by-word for best friend or intimate companion. He is accompanying Aeneas on this initial reconnoitre of the land on which they find themselves. prius … quam = before<br>
slide4. Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem 180
prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem
iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis,
aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici.
navem in conspectu nullam, tres litore cervos
prospicit errantes; hos tota armenta sequuntur 185
a tergo, et longum per vallis pascitur agmen.
constitit hic, arcumque manu celerisque sagittas
corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates;
ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentes
cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum vulgus, et omnem 190
miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam;
nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor
corpora fundat humi, et numerum cum navibus aequet. Historic (vivid) present Long vowel sounds and sibillance imitates the effort involved Emphatic placement Alliteration & long vowels – long survey of the view Spondaic line – long survey of the sea A B B A Chiasmus Long vowel sounds = slow progress of the herd Sudden dactyl and switch to perfect tense Both terms for the ordinary people of Rome – the the mob, the crowd Dactylic line – swift action<br>
slide5. Section 2: lines 194-209 hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes.
vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes 195
litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros,
dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet:
‘O socii (neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum)
O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem. From here he heads for the port and divides [the deer] among his friends. Then the hero divided the wine which good Acestes had loaded in jars on the Sicilian shore and had given to the departing [Trojans] and he soothes [their] grieving hearts with [his] words. “O comrades (for indeed we are not ignorant of evils before), O sufferers of heavier things, god will also give an end to these”. Acestes = welcomed Aeneas and his companions when they arrived in Sicily, where the funeral games of Aeneas' father Anchises were held. Those of Aeneas' folk who wished to voyage no further were allowed to remain behind with Acestes and cohabit with Acestes' people.
Trinacrius, -a, -um = Sicilian<br>
slide6. Section 2: lines 194-209 vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes 200
accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopea saxa
experti: revocate animos, maestumque timorem
mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. “You approached both the madness of Scylla and the roaring crags, and you experienced the Cyclopean rocks; recall your spirits and banish gloomy fear; and perhaps at some time it will help to remember these things. Scylla = man-eating monster with 6 heads
Charybdis (the roaring crags) = destructive whirlpool which you can end up getting sucked into whilst trying to avoid the above man-eating monster Scylla
Cyclopean rocks = the Cyclopes were a tribe of one-eyed giants – again, man-eating Scylla & Charybdis<br>
slide7. Section 2: lines 194-209 per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum tendimus in Latium; sedes ubi fata quietas 205 ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.' talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem. Through different disasters, through so many crises of things, we are reaching into Latium, where the fates show peaceful dwellings; [it is] right [for] a kingdom of Troy to rise again in that place. Endure, and save yourselves for the things to come.”
Saying such things with his voice, weary with huge cares, he pretends hope with his face, he pushes [down] his deep grief. Latium = the region of Italy where the Trojans are destined to settle.
vosmet = emphatic form of vos: yourselves.<br>
slide8. hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes.
vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes 195
litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros,
dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet:
‘O socii (neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum)
O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem.
vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes 200
accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopea saxa
experti: revocate animos, maestumque timorem
mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum tendimus in Latium; sedes ubi fata quietas 205 ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.' talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem.<br>
slide9. Section 3: lines 223-241: et iam finis erat, cum Iuppiter aethere summo
despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentes
litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli 225
constitit, et Libyae defixit lumina regnis. And now there was an end, when Jupiter looking down from highest heaven [at] the sea covered with sails and the widespread lands and shores and the people [scattered] far and wide; thus he stopped at the point of heaven and fixed [his] eyes on the kingdom of Libya. Libya = the region of North Africa where the Trojans are shipwrecked; they are actually on the outskirts of the city of Carthage, on the coast of North Africa, in what is now Tunisia.<br>
slide10. Section 3: lines 223-241: atque illum tales iactantem pectore curas
tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentes
adloquitur Venus: 'O qui res hominumque deumque
aeternis regis imperiis, et fulmine terres, 230
quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum, quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis,
cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis? And Venus, sadder, and her shining eyes brimming with tears, addressed him [while he was] turning over such worries in his heart: “O [you] who rules the affairs of men and of gods with eternal commands, and terrifies with lightning, what so great a [crime was] Aeneas [able] to commit against you, what could Trojans [have done], to whom, having suffered so many deaths, the whole globe of lands is closed off, [all] because of Italy?<br>
slide11. Section 3: lines 223-241: certe hinc Romanos olim volventibus annis, hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri, 235 qui mare, qui terras omnes dicione tenerent, pollicitus – quae te, genitor, sententia vertit?
hoc equidem occasum Troiae tristesque ruinas
solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens;
nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos 240
insequitur. quem das finem, rex magne, laborum? Surely you promised [that] as the years roll by from this line hence one day, the Romans will be leaders restored from the blood of Teucer, [those] who will hold the sea, who [will hold] all lands [in their] power. What idea has changed your [mind], father? With this I used to find consolation for the fall of Troy and its sad ruins, balancing the opposing fates [against these] fates; now the same fortune pursues the men driven by so many misadventures. What end to [these] labours do you give, great king?” hinc … hinc = lit. “hence … hence”, i.e. “from this line [of Trojans] hence”
Teucrus, -i = Teucer, a member of the royal bloodline of Troy
equidem = emphatic form of ego<br>
slide12. et iam finis erat, cum Iuppiter aethere summo
despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentes
litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli 225
constitit, et Libyae defixit lumina regnis.
atque illum tales iactantem pectore curas
tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentes
adloquitur Venus: 'O qui res hominumque deumque
aeternis regis imperiis, et fulmine terres, 230
quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum,
quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis,
cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis?<br>
slide13. certe hinc Romanos olim volventibus annis,
hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri, 235
qui mare, qui terras omnes dicione tenerent,
pollicitus – quae te, genitor, sententia vertit?
hoc equidem occasum Troiae tristesque ruinas
solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens;
nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos 240
insequitur. quem das finem, rex magne, laborum?<br>
slide14. Section 4: lines 254-266 olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum, vultu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, 255 oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur: 'parce metu, Cytherea: manent immota tuorum fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia vertit. 260 Smiling at her with a face which calms heaven and storms, the begetter of men and gods poured out kisses to his daughter, then he said such things: “spare [your] fear, Cytherea, the fates of your [people] remain unchanged for you; you will see the city and the promised walls of Lavinium and you will bring great-spirited Aeneas lifted up to the stars of heaven. And no idea has changed my mind. olli = illi (dative of illa, “at her”)
Cytherea = another name for Venus; it refers to her birthplace, the island of Cythera off the coast of Greece.
Lavinum, -i = a city (here in the poetic plural). See your booklet for more details.<br>
slide15. Section 4: lines 254-266 hic tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet, longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo) bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet, tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas, 265 ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis. For you, (for I will speak at greater length, since this worry gnaws at you, and, unravelling the secrets of the fates, I will set [them] in motion) he will wage a huge war in Italy and he will subdue fierce peoples and he will set up customs and city-walls for men, until a third summer will have witnessed [him] ruling in Latium, and three winters have passed by for the subdued Rutulians”. Rutuli, -orum = the Rutulians, the tribe that Aeneas wages war against in Italy and eventually conquers.<br>
slide16. olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum,
vultu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, 255
oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur:
'parce metu, Cytherea: manent immota tuorum
fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini
moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli
magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia vertit. 260
hic tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet,
longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo)
bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces
contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet,
tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas, 265
ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis.<br>
slide17. Section 5: lines 267-282 at puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur,—Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno,— triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbes imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini 270 transferet, et Longam multa vi muniet Albam. But the boy, Ascanius, to whom now the name Iulus is added (he was [called] Ilus while the state of Ilium stood in power), he will complete thirty great years in power, with the months rolling [by], and he will transfer the kingdom from the seat of Lavinia and he will fortify Alba Longa with great force. Ascanius = son of Aeneas
Ilium = Troy
Ilus = grandfather of Priam (king of Troy). The Julian family, particularly Julius Caesar, claimed divine descent through Aeneas, son of the goddess Venus. So Virgil here acknowledges the divine descent of Augustus (adopted son of Julius Caesar), emperor and commissioner of the Aeneid. The link involves changing the name of Aeneas’ son Ascanius to Iulus via a tenuous link to the name Ilus.
orbis, -is = circle (here = year, circle of time)
Alba Longa = ancient city in Latium, birthplace of Romulus & Remus, legendary founders of Rome<br>
slide18. Section 5: lines 267-282 hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos, Marte gravis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet. Here now, it will be ruled for three hundred total years under the Hectorean race until a queen priestess Ilia, heavy by Mars will give birth to twin offspring. Then Romulus, happy in the tawny hide of a nursing wolf, will inherit the nation and will found the walls of Mars and will call the [people] Romans, from his own name. Hector = son of Priam, prince of Troy and the best of the Trojan warriors, slain by Achilles
gravis = heavy, i.e. pregnant
lupae fulvo nuctricis tegmine laetus = legend has it that Romulus and Remus were suckled by a she-wolf<br>
slide19. Section 5: lines 267-282 his ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono; imperium sine fine dedi. quin aspera Iuno, quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, 280 consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam: For them, I set limits neither to their affairs nor to their times: I have given [them] an empire without end. Moreover, fierce Juno, who now wearies the sea and the lands and heaven with fear, will adjust her plans for the better, and with me she will cherish the Romans, masters of the world, the toga-clad nation. gentemque togatam = the toga was the mark of Roman citizenship, hence it had an important place in the Roman sense of self. Heavy, hot and cumbersome, it was actually a pain to wear. The emperor Augustus actually had to issue edicts telling men to wear them when out doing business or speaking in public.<br>
slide20. at puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur,—Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno,— triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbes imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini 270 transferet, et longam multa vi muniet Albam. hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos, Marte gravis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet. his ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono; imperium sine fine dedi. quin aspera Iuno, quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, 280 consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam.”<br>
slide21. Section 6: lines 297-304 haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, ut terrae, utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido finibus arceret: volat ille per aera magnum 300 remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris. He says these [things], and he sends the son of Maia down from on high, so that the lands and so that the new towers of Carthage [might] lie open in welcome to the Trojans, lest Dido, unaware of destiny, should keep [them] off from [her] territories. He flies out through the great air with the rowing of [his] wings and quickly stood at the shores of Libya. Maia = daughter of Atlas, mother of Mercury the messenger god.
Teucrus, -i = Teucer, a member of the royal bloodline of Troy
Dido = Queen of Carthage. Due to the interference of Venus, Dido will not only welcome Aeneas but will fall in love with him. Eventually, Aeneas leaves her to fulfill his destiny, and she kills herself.<br>
slide22. Section 6: lines 297-304 et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum 303 accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam. And now he gives instructions, and the Phoenicians put [down] their fierce hearts with the god willing [it]; in particular the queen accepts in the Trojans [with] a quiet spirit and calm mind. Teucrus, -i = Teucer, a member of the royal bloodline of Troy
Poeni = the Phoenicians<br>
slide23. haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, ut terrae, utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido finibus arceret: volat ille per aera magnum 300 remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris. et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam.<br>
slide24. In the lines omitted here (305-417), Aeneas explores the countryside and is met by Venus, his mother, disguised as a local huntress. She tells Aeneas about the country in which he has landed and about Queen Dido and her tragic personal history. “The huntress” then asks Aeneas who he is and where he has come from (knowing full well the answers!) Aeneas replies at length, and when Venus reveals her identity just as she leaves the earth to return to heaven, Aeneas shouts after her in anguish, wondering why she will only ever appear to him in disguise. He then makes his way to the city of Carthage, made invisible by a cloud provided by Venus.<br>
slide25. Section 7: lines 418-429 corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat. iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces. 420 miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum. Meanwhile they hastened on the road, where the path is shown. And now they were ascending a hill, which very greatly overshadows the city and overlooks the facing citadels from above. Aeneas admires the structure, once [merely] huts, he admires the gates and the noise and the paving of roads. corripuere = shortened/poetic form of corripuerunt (they hastened); remember that Aeneas is accompanied by his friend Achates
magalia quondam = once [merely] huts; a huge civic structure is being built in place of basic dwellings<br>
slide26. Section 7: lines 418-429 instant ardentes Tyrii pars ducere muros, molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco. 425 iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum; hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris fundamenta locant alii, immanisque columnas rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris. The ardent Carthaginians press on: part [of them] make walls and construct the citadel, and roll rocks with [their] hands, part [of them] choose a place for a house and enclose [it] with a trench; they choose laws and officials, and a sacred senate.
Here some are digging out a harbour; here others are placing the foundation for a theatre, and cutting out huge columns from the rocks, lofty decorations for a future stage. Tyrii = inhabitants of Tyre (from where the people originated), i.e. Carthagnians
ducere … moliri … subvolvere … optare … concludere all = historic infinitives . Like the historic present, these make the scene vivid.<br>
slide27. corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat. iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces. 420 miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum. instant ardentes Tyrii pars ducere muros, molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco. 425 iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum; hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris fundamenta locant alii, immanisque columnas rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris.<br>
slide28. Section 8: lines 430-440 qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430 exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent: 435 Just like work busies bees in the new summer through floral countryside under the sun, when they lead the fully-grown youngsters of [their] kind, or when they pack the liquid honey and swell the cells with sweet nectar, or they receive the burdens of [those] coming in, or with a battle-line made, they keep the drones, a lazy swarm, from the hive; This is an example of an extended simile, one of Virgil’s favoured techniques.
agmen = column or battle-line, a military term applied here to the bees
pecus = a term applied to various groups of animals so can be translated “herd” or “group” – here “swarm” seems appropriate<br>
slide29. Section 8: lines 430-440 fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella. 'O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!' Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis. infert se saeptus nebula, mirabile dictu, per medios, miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli. 440 the work seethes and the fragrant honey smells of thyme.
“O fortunate [ones], whose walls now are rising!” Aeneas says, and looks up [at] the heights of the city. He brings himself, enclosed by the cloud, remarkable to tell, through the middle, and he mixes with men, and he is seen by no one. saeptus nebula = this is the cloud of invisibility that Aenea’s mother Venus has shrouded him in<br>
slide30. qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430
exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos
educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella
stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas,
aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto
ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent: 435
fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella.
'O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!'
Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis.
infert se saeptus nebula, mirabile dictu,
per medios, miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli. 440<br>
slide31. In the lines omitted here (441-493), Aeneas goes into the temple of Carthage and weeps over images portraying the Trojan war.
This is poetic license of Virgil’s part as the stories of the war were unlikely to have made it to Carthage, but it is an opportunity to show pathos and also to lay the groundwork for Dido’s vulnerability to Aeneas’ charms.<br>
slide32. Section 9: lines 494-506 haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, 495 regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva. While these things seem wonderful to Dardanian Aeneas, while he is dazed, and he hangs fixed on the one view, Queen Dido, most beautiful in form, went into the temple with a great crowd of youth thronging. Dardanius, -a, -um = Dardanian, Trojan; “Dardanian” is one of the epithets Virgil uses to describe Aeneas’s Trojan lineage<br>
slide33. Section 9: lines 494-506 qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram 500 fert umero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes: (Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus): Such as on the banks of the Eurotas or through the ridge of Cynthus, Diana trains the dancers, some thousands having followed [her],the Oreads gathering here and there. She carries a quiver on her shoulder and proceeding she towers over all the goddesses. (Joys seize the secret heart of Latona). Eurotas = Eurotas, a river in Greece
Cynthus = Cynthus, the highest mountain on the island of Delos; according to legend it is the birth place of Apollo and Diana Diana = goddess of hunting
Oreades = the Oreads, mountain numphs
pharetra = quiver, a portable pouch or container for arrows
Latona = daughter of Lato, mother of Apollo and Diana
tacitus, -a, -um = secret (lit. silent)<br>
slide34. Section 9: lines 494-506 talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat per medios instans operi regnisque futuris. tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, 505 saepta armis solioque alte subnixa resedit. Such was Dido, she was happily carrying herself just so through the middle, urging on the work and the future kingdom. Then, at the gates of the goddess, in the middle of the dome of the temple, [she was] surrounded by arms and sat down on the throne, resting on high. testudo = lit. tortoise, here = “dome”. The word was also used of the Roman military formation in which soldiers locked their shields together to move forwards while protected.<br>
slide35. haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, 495 regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva. qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram 500 fert umero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes: (Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus): talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat per medios instans operi regnisque futuris. tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, 505 saepta armis solioque alte subnixa resedit.<br>
slide36. Section 10: lines 507-519 Sergestus, -i = a Trojan and companion of Aeneas
Cloanthus, -i = a Trojan and companion of Aeneas
Teucer, Teucri = Trojan (lit. “descendant of Teucer”, who was a member of the royal bloodline of Troy) iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem partibus aequabat iustis, aut sorte trahebat: cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum, 510 Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras. She was giving justice and laws to the men, and sharing out the labour of works in equal parts or distributing [them] by lot: when suddenly Aeneas sees Antheus and Sergentus approaching in a great group and strong Cloanthus and other Trojans, whom the black whirlwind had scattered upon the sea and had born far away to other shores.<br>
slide37. Section 10: lines 507-519 obstipuit simul ipse, simul perculsus Achates laetitiaque metuque; avidi coniungere dextras ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant, orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant. Both [Aeneas] himself and also Achates were astounded, stricken with both joy and fear; they were burning with eagerness to join hands, but the strangeness of the situation disturbs their minds. They stay hidden and, wrapped in the cavernous cloud, they watch [to see] what the men’s fortune [is], on what shore they leave their fleet, why they come; for [men] selected from all the ships were advancing, begging favour and noisily seeking the temple.<br>
slide38. iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem partibus aequabat iustis, aut sorte trahebat: cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum, 510 Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras. obstipuit simul ipse, simul perculsus Achates laetitiaque metuque; avidi coniungere dextras ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant, orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant.<br>
slide2. Section 1: lines 180-193 Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem 180 prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis, aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici. navem in conspectu nullam, tres litore cervos prospicit errantes; hos tota armenta sequuntur 185 a tergo, et longum per vallis pascitur agmen. Aeneas meanwhile climbs a cliff and seeks a complete view far and wide over the sea, in case he might catch some sight of someone [such as] Antheus, tossed by the wind and the Trojan biremes, or Capys, or the armour of Caicus on the lofty prow. He observes no ship in view [but] three stags wandering on the shore; the whole herd follows these from behind and the long column grazes along the valley. Phrygius, -a, -um = Phrygian = Trojan
biremis, -is = bireme (an ancient warship with two decks of oars)
puppis, -is = stern (the back part of a ship)
Antheus, Capys, Caicus = Trojan companions of Aeneas<br>
slide3. Section 1: lines 180-193 constitit hic, arcumque manu celerisque sagittas corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates; ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentes cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum vulgus, et omnem 190 miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam; nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor corpora fundat humi, et numerum cum navibus aequet. He stopped here and took up with his hand the bow and swift arrows, the weapons which faithful Achates was carrying, and he laid out first the leaders themselves bearing their heads high with branching horns, then he confuses the herd, even driving the whole crowd among the leafy forests with his spears. Nor does he stop before, as victor, he pours out seven mighty bodies onto the ground and matches their number to his ships. Achates = one of Aeneas’ closest companions; his name became a by-word for best friend or intimate companion. He is accompanying Aeneas on this initial reconnoitre of the land on which they find themselves. prius … quam = before<br>
slide4. Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem 180
prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem
iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis,
aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici.
navem in conspectu nullam, tres litore cervos
prospicit errantes; hos tota armenta sequuntur 185
a tergo, et longum per vallis pascitur agmen.
constitit hic, arcumque manu celerisque sagittas
corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates;
ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentes
cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum vulgus, et omnem 190
miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam;
nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor
corpora fundat humi, et numerum cum navibus aequet. Historic (vivid) present Long vowel sounds and sibillance imitates the effort involved Emphatic placement Alliteration & long vowels – long survey of the view Spondaic line – long survey of the sea A B B A Chiasmus Long vowel sounds = slow progress of the herd Sudden dactyl and switch to perfect tense Both terms for the ordinary people of Rome – the the mob, the crowd Dactylic line – swift action<br>
slide5. Section 2: lines 194-209 hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes.
vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes 195
litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros,
dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet:
‘O socii (neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum)
O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem. From here he heads for the port and divides [the deer] among his friends. Then the hero divided the wine which good Acestes had loaded in jars on the Sicilian shore and had given to the departing [Trojans] and he soothes [their] grieving hearts with [his] words. “O comrades (for indeed we are not ignorant of evils before), O sufferers of heavier things, god will also give an end to these”. Acestes = welcomed Aeneas and his companions when they arrived in Sicily, where the funeral games of Aeneas' father Anchises were held. Those of Aeneas' folk who wished to voyage no further were allowed to remain behind with Acestes and cohabit with Acestes' people.
Trinacrius, -a, -um = Sicilian<br>
slide6. Section 2: lines 194-209 vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes 200
accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopea saxa
experti: revocate animos, maestumque timorem
mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. “You approached both the madness of Scylla and the roaring crags, and you experienced the Cyclopean rocks; recall your spirits and banish gloomy fear; and perhaps at some time it will help to remember these things. Scylla = man-eating monster with 6 heads
Charybdis (the roaring crags) = destructive whirlpool which you can end up getting sucked into whilst trying to avoid the above man-eating monster Scylla
Cyclopean rocks = the Cyclopes were a tribe of one-eyed giants – again, man-eating Scylla & Charybdis<br>
slide7. Section 2: lines 194-209 per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum tendimus in Latium; sedes ubi fata quietas 205 ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.' talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem. Through different disasters, through so many crises of things, we are reaching into Latium, where the fates show peaceful dwellings; [it is] right [for] a kingdom of Troy to rise again in that place. Endure, and save yourselves for the things to come.”
Saying such things with his voice, weary with huge cares, he pretends hope with his face, he pushes [down] his deep grief. Latium = the region of Italy where the Trojans are destined to settle.
vosmet = emphatic form of vos: yourselves.<br>
slide8. hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes.
vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes 195
litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros,
dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet:
‘O socii (neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum)
O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem.
vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes 200
accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopea saxa
experti: revocate animos, maestumque timorem
mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum tendimus in Latium; sedes ubi fata quietas 205 ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.' talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem.<br>
slide9. Section 3: lines 223-241: et iam finis erat, cum Iuppiter aethere summo
despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentes
litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli 225
constitit, et Libyae defixit lumina regnis. And now there was an end, when Jupiter looking down from highest heaven [at] the sea covered with sails and the widespread lands and shores and the people [scattered] far and wide; thus he stopped at the point of heaven and fixed [his] eyes on the kingdom of Libya. Libya = the region of North Africa where the Trojans are shipwrecked; they are actually on the outskirts of the city of Carthage, on the coast of North Africa, in what is now Tunisia.<br>
slide10. Section 3: lines 223-241: atque illum tales iactantem pectore curas
tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentes
adloquitur Venus: 'O qui res hominumque deumque
aeternis regis imperiis, et fulmine terres, 230
quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum, quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis,
cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis? And Venus, sadder, and her shining eyes brimming with tears, addressed him [while he was] turning over such worries in his heart: “O [you] who rules the affairs of men and of gods with eternal commands, and terrifies with lightning, what so great a [crime was] Aeneas [able] to commit against you, what could Trojans [have done], to whom, having suffered so many deaths, the whole globe of lands is closed off, [all] because of Italy?<br>
slide11. Section 3: lines 223-241: certe hinc Romanos olim volventibus annis, hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri, 235 qui mare, qui terras omnes dicione tenerent, pollicitus – quae te, genitor, sententia vertit?
hoc equidem occasum Troiae tristesque ruinas
solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens;
nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos 240
insequitur. quem das finem, rex magne, laborum? Surely you promised [that] as the years roll by from this line hence one day, the Romans will be leaders restored from the blood of Teucer, [those] who will hold the sea, who [will hold] all lands [in their] power. What idea has changed your [mind], father? With this I used to find consolation for the fall of Troy and its sad ruins, balancing the opposing fates [against these] fates; now the same fortune pursues the men driven by so many misadventures. What end to [these] labours do you give, great king?” hinc … hinc = lit. “hence … hence”, i.e. “from this line [of Trojans] hence”
Teucrus, -i = Teucer, a member of the royal bloodline of Troy
equidem = emphatic form of ego<br>
slide12. et iam finis erat, cum Iuppiter aethere summo
despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentes
litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli 225
constitit, et Libyae defixit lumina regnis.
atque illum tales iactantem pectore curas
tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentes
adloquitur Venus: 'O qui res hominumque deumque
aeternis regis imperiis, et fulmine terres, 230
quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum,
quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis,
cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis?<br>
slide13. certe hinc Romanos olim volventibus annis,
hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri, 235
qui mare, qui terras omnes dicione tenerent,
pollicitus – quae te, genitor, sententia vertit?
hoc equidem occasum Troiae tristesque ruinas
solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens;
nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos 240
insequitur. quem das finem, rex magne, laborum?<br>
slide14. Section 4: lines 254-266 olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum, vultu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, 255 oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur: 'parce metu, Cytherea: manent immota tuorum fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia vertit. 260 Smiling at her with a face which calms heaven and storms, the begetter of men and gods poured out kisses to his daughter, then he said such things: “spare [your] fear, Cytherea, the fates of your [people] remain unchanged for you; you will see the city and the promised walls of Lavinium and you will bring great-spirited Aeneas lifted up to the stars of heaven. And no idea has changed my mind. olli = illi (dative of illa, “at her”)
Cytherea = another name for Venus; it refers to her birthplace, the island of Cythera off the coast of Greece.
Lavinum, -i = a city (here in the poetic plural). See your booklet for more details.<br>
slide15. Section 4: lines 254-266 hic tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet, longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo) bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet, tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas, 265 ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis. For you, (for I will speak at greater length, since this worry gnaws at you, and, unravelling the secrets of the fates, I will set [them] in motion) he will wage a huge war in Italy and he will subdue fierce peoples and he will set up customs and city-walls for men, until a third summer will have witnessed [him] ruling in Latium, and three winters have passed by for the subdued Rutulians”. Rutuli, -orum = the Rutulians, the tribe that Aeneas wages war against in Italy and eventually conquers.<br>
slide16. olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum,
vultu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, 255
oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur:
'parce metu, Cytherea: manent immota tuorum
fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini
moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli
magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia vertit. 260
hic tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet,
longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo)
bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces
contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet,
tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas, 265
ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis.<br>
slide17. Section 5: lines 267-282 at puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur,—Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno,— triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbes imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini 270 transferet, et Longam multa vi muniet Albam. But the boy, Ascanius, to whom now the name Iulus is added (he was [called] Ilus while the state of Ilium stood in power), he will complete thirty great years in power, with the months rolling [by], and he will transfer the kingdom from the seat of Lavinia and he will fortify Alba Longa with great force. Ascanius = son of Aeneas
Ilium = Troy
Ilus = grandfather of Priam (king of Troy). The Julian family, particularly Julius Caesar, claimed divine descent through Aeneas, son of the goddess Venus. So Virgil here acknowledges the divine descent of Augustus (adopted son of Julius Caesar), emperor and commissioner of the Aeneid. The link involves changing the name of Aeneas’ son Ascanius to Iulus via a tenuous link to the name Ilus.
orbis, -is = circle (here = year, circle of time)
Alba Longa = ancient city in Latium, birthplace of Romulus & Remus, legendary founders of Rome<br>
slide18. Section 5: lines 267-282 hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos, Marte gravis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet. Here now, it will be ruled for three hundred total years under the Hectorean race until a queen priestess Ilia, heavy by Mars will give birth to twin offspring. Then Romulus, happy in the tawny hide of a nursing wolf, will inherit the nation and will found the walls of Mars and will call the [people] Romans, from his own name. Hector = son of Priam, prince of Troy and the best of the Trojan warriors, slain by Achilles
gravis = heavy, i.e. pregnant
lupae fulvo nuctricis tegmine laetus = legend has it that Romulus and Remus were suckled by a she-wolf<br>
slide19. Section 5: lines 267-282 his ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono; imperium sine fine dedi. quin aspera Iuno, quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, 280 consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam: For them, I set limits neither to their affairs nor to their times: I have given [them] an empire without end. Moreover, fierce Juno, who now wearies the sea and the lands and heaven with fear, will adjust her plans for the better, and with me she will cherish the Romans, masters of the world, the toga-clad nation. gentemque togatam = the toga was the mark of Roman citizenship, hence it had an important place in the Roman sense of self. Heavy, hot and cumbersome, it was actually a pain to wear. The emperor Augustus actually had to issue edicts telling men to wear them when out doing business or speaking in public.<br>
slide20. at puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur,—Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno,— triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbes imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini 270 transferet, et longam multa vi muniet Albam. hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos, Marte gravis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet. his ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono; imperium sine fine dedi. quin aspera Iuno, quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, 280 consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam.”<br>
slide21. Section 6: lines 297-304 haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, ut terrae, utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido finibus arceret: volat ille per aera magnum 300 remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris. He says these [things], and he sends the son of Maia down from on high, so that the lands and so that the new towers of Carthage [might] lie open in welcome to the Trojans, lest Dido, unaware of destiny, should keep [them] off from [her] territories. He flies out through the great air with the rowing of [his] wings and quickly stood at the shores of Libya. Maia = daughter of Atlas, mother of Mercury the messenger god.
Teucrus, -i = Teucer, a member of the royal bloodline of Troy
Dido = Queen of Carthage. Due to the interference of Venus, Dido will not only welcome Aeneas but will fall in love with him. Eventually, Aeneas leaves her to fulfill his destiny, and she kills herself.<br>
slide22. Section 6: lines 297-304 et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum 303 accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam. And now he gives instructions, and the Phoenicians put [down] their fierce hearts with the god willing [it]; in particular the queen accepts in the Trojans [with] a quiet spirit and calm mind. Teucrus, -i = Teucer, a member of the royal bloodline of Troy
Poeni = the Phoenicians<br>
slide23. haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, ut terrae, utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido finibus arceret: volat ille per aera magnum 300 remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris. et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam.<br>
slide24. In the lines omitted here (305-417), Aeneas explores the countryside and is met by Venus, his mother, disguised as a local huntress. She tells Aeneas about the country in which he has landed and about Queen Dido and her tragic personal history. “The huntress” then asks Aeneas who he is and where he has come from (knowing full well the answers!) Aeneas replies at length, and when Venus reveals her identity just as she leaves the earth to return to heaven, Aeneas shouts after her in anguish, wondering why she will only ever appear to him in disguise. He then makes his way to the city of Carthage, made invisible by a cloud provided by Venus.<br>
slide25. Section 7: lines 418-429 corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat. iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces. 420 miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum. Meanwhile they hastened on the road, where the path is shown. And now they were ascending a hill, which very greatly overshadows the city and overlooks the facing citadels from above. Aeneas admires the structure, once [merely] huts, he admires the gates and the noise and the paving of roads. corripuere = shortened/poetic form of corripuerunt (they hastened); remember that Aeneas is accompanied by his friend Achates
magalia quondam = once [merely] huts; a huge civic structure is being built in place of basic dwellings<br>
slide26. Section 7: lines 418-429 instant ardentes Tyrii pars ducere muros, molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco. 425 iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum; hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris fundamenta locant alii, immanisque columnas rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris. The ardent Carthaginians press on: part [of them] make walls and construct the citadel, and roll rocks with [their] hands, part [of them] choose a place for a house and enclose [it] with a trench; they choose laws and officials, and a sacred senate.
Here some are digging out a harbour; here others are placing the foundation for a theatre, and cutting out huge columns from the rocks, lofty decorations for a future stage. Tyrii = inhabitants of Tyre (from where the people originated), i.e. Carthagnians
ducere … moliri … subvolvere … optare … concludere all = historic infinitives . Like the historic present, these make the scene vivid.<br>
slide27. corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat. iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces. 420 miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum. instant ardentes Tyrii pars ducere muros, molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco. 425 iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum; hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris fundamenta locant alii, immanisque columnas rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris.<br>
slide28. Section 8: lines 430-440 qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430 exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent: 435 Just like work busies bees in the new summer through floral countryside under the sun, when they lead the fully-grown youngsters of [their] kind, or when they pack the liquid honey and swell the cells with sweet nectar, or they receive the burdens of [those] coming in, or with a battle-line made, they keep the drones, a lazy swarm, from the hive; This is an example of an extended simile, one of Virgil’s favoured techniques.
agmen = column or battle-line, a military term applied here to the bees
pecus = a term applied to various groups of animals so can be translated “herd” or “group” – here “swarm” seems appropriate<br>
slide29. Section 8: lines 430-440 fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella. 'O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!' Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis. infert se saeptus nebula, mirabile dictu, per medios, miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli. 440 the work seethes and the fragrant honey smells of thyme.
“O fortunate [ones], whose walls now are rising!” Aeneas says, and looks up [at] the heights of the city. He brings himself, enclosed by the cloud, remarkable to tell, through the middle, and he mixes with men, and he is seen by no one. saeptus nebula = this is the cloud of invisibility that Aenea’s mother Venus has shrouded him in<br>
slide30. qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430
exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos
educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella
stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas,
aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto
ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent: 435
fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella.
'O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!'
Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis.
infert se saeptus nebula, mirabile dictu,
per medios, miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli. 440<br>
slide31. In the lines omitted here (441-493), Aeneas goes into the temple of Carthage and weeps over images portraying the Trojan war.
This is poetic license of Virgil’s part as the stories of the war were unlikely to have made it to Carthage, but it is an opportunity to show pathos and also to lay the groundwork for Dido’s vulnerability to Aeneas’ charms.<br>
slide32. Section 9: lines 494-506 haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, 495 regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva. While these things seem wonderful to Dardanian Aeneas, while he is dazed, and he hangs fixed on the one view, Queen Dido, most beautiful in form, went into the temple with a great crowd of youth thronging. Dardanius, -a, -um = Dardanian, Trojan; “Dardanian” is one of the epithets Virgil uses to describe Aeneas’s Trojan lineage<br>
slide33. Section 9: lines 494-506 qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram 500 fert umero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes: (Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus): Such as on the banks of the Eurotas or through the ridge of Cynthus, Diana trains the dancers, some thousands having followed [her],the Oreads gathering here and there. She carries a quiver on her shoulder and proceeding she towers over all the goddesses. (Joys seize the secret heart of Latona). Eurotas = Eurotas, a river in Greece
Cynthus = Cynthus, the highest mountain on the island of Delos; according to legend it is the birth place of Apollo and Diana Diana = goddess of hunting
Oreades = the Oreads, mountain numphs
pharetra = quiver, a portable pouch or container for arrows
Latona = daughter of Lato, mother of Apollo and Diana
tacitus, -a, -um = secret (lit. silent)<br>
slide34. Section 9: lines 494-506 talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat per medios instans operi regnisque futuris. tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, 505 saepta armis solioque alte subnixa resedit. Such was Dido, she was happily carrying herself just so through the middle, urging on the work and the future kingdom. Then, at the gates of the goddess, in the middle of the dome of the temple, [she was] surrounded by arms and sat down on the throne, resting on high. testudo = lit. tortoise, here = “dome”. The word was also used of the Roman military formation in which soldiers locked their shields together to move forwards while protected.<br>
slide35. haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, 495 regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva. qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram 500 fert umero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes: (Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus): talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat per medios instans operi regnisque futuris. tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, 505 saepta armis solioque alte subnixa resedit.<br>
slide36. Section 10: lines 507-519 Sergestus, -i = a Trojan and companion of Aeneas
Cloanthus, -i = a Trojan and companion of Aeneas
Teucer, Teucri = Trojan (lit. “descendant of Teucer”, who was a member of the royal bloodline of Troy) iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem partibus aequabat iustis, aut sorte trahebat: cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum, 510 Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras. She was giving justice and laws to the men, and sharing out the labour of works in equal parts or distributing [them] by lot: when suddenly Aeneas sees Antheus and Sergentus approaching in a great group and strong Cloanthus and other Trojans, whom the black whirlwind had scattered upon the sea and had born far away to other shores.<br>
slide37. Section 10: lines 507-519 obstipuit simul ipse, simul perculsus Achates laetitiaque metuque; avidi coniungere dextras ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant, orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant. Both [Aeneas] himself and also Achates were astounded, stricken with both joy and fear; they were burning with eagerness to join hands, but the strangeness of the situation disturbs their minds. They stay hidden and, wrapped in the cavernous cloud, they watch [to see] what the men’s fortune [is], on what shore they leave their fleet, why they come; for [men] selected from all the ships were advancing, begging favour and noisily seeking the temple.<br>
slide38. iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem partibus aequabat iustis, aut sorte trahebat: cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum, 510 Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras. obstipuit simul ipse, simul perculsus Achates laetitiaque metuque; avidi coniungere dextras ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant, orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant.<br>