MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM SPECIAL ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS SECTION To take full advantage of the learning opportunities presented in this resource Internet access is recommended Also view the presentation in Slide Show mode Click on the Slide Show tab in your Microsoft Po ID: 934831
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY UNDERSTANDING MEDICA..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYUNDERSTANDING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM SPECIAL ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS SECTION
To take full advantage of the learning opportunities presented in this resource, Internet access is recommended. Also, view the presentation in “Slide Show” mode. Click on the “Slide Show” tab in your Microsoft PowerPoint tool bar, then click on the “From the Beginning” tab. As an alternative, you may press the F5 key as a shortcut to begin the presentation.
Slide2HOPE CAREERS CONSORTIUMHOPE Careers Consortium is a partnership of five institutions of higher education that is building exciting new programs that will provide valuable career education and training in the Orthotics, Prosthetics, and Pedorthics (O&P) sector. The five institutions are:
Baker College – Flint, MichiganCentury College – White Bear Lake, MinnesotaOklahoma State University Institute of Technology – Okmulgee, OklahomaSpokane Falls Community College – Spokane, WashingtonSt. Petersburg College – St. Petersburg, Florida
The
length of time it will take a learner to complete this self-study resource depends greatly on the learner’s style and pace of learning as well as his / her current understanding of the subject matter. However, an estimate has been made that a learner could thoroughly read and review this material, as well as participate in all self-assessment opportunities, in approximately four hours
.
Slide3COURSE CONTENTThis course is divided into four key sections:Commonly Used Prefixes;Commonly Used Suffixes;Commonly Used Roots / Stems:
Roots / Stems: Bones;Roots / Stems: Joints;Roots / Stems: Muscles; Roots / Stems: Nerves; andOrthotic and Prosthetic Terms.
Self-assessments are provided throughout. Additional learning resources are provided at the conclusion of the course.
Slide4MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Understanding Medical Terminology Related to the Musculoskeletal System:Special Orthotics and Prosthetics SectionThe terminology features a specialized language used by health care professionals. Most words have a Greek or Latin origin. Words are easier to understand by dividing them into three parts:
• Prefix – added to the beginning of a word to modify the central meaning;• Suffix – added to the end of a word to modify the central meaning; and• Root / Stem – basic or “core” part of the word that holds the central meaning.This Open Educational Resource (OER) seeks to foster an analytical attitude in the learner.
As you review the various categories presented, become aware of the structural design of the words. Notice the recurrence of common prefixes, suffixes, and roots / stems.
Upon successful completion of this Open Educational Resource presentation, you will be able to:
Define the meaning of prefixes, suffixes, and roots/stems used in words that describe the musculoskeletal system; Analyze medical terms in the musculoskeletal system by their component parts—roots, suffixes, and prefixes; and
Define commonly used orthotic and prosthetic terms.
NAVIGATION, FEATURES, and
OPTIONS
At the conclusion of
each section (Prefix, Suffix, Root/Stem, and Orthotic and Prosthetic Terms), two
options for self-assessment are provided. The first option is available on Quizlet. Quizlet is a fun and easy online learning resource featuring “STUDY” tools and “PLAY” tools. Visit this site to further your understanding of the medical terminology presented here
. The second option is to take the self-assessment that follows each section.
The
Review section at the end of this presentation
features
a self-assessment
comprised of multiple-choice questions and includes content from all sections, providing
an additional way to test and apply your knowledge.
The Review section also includes links to additional learning resources—specifically, interactive and visual dictionaries. These resources can enhance the way you learn medical terminology
.
Slide5COMMONLY USED PREFIXESPREFIX, ROOT/STEM, SUFFIX.The Prefix section is divided into the following categories:
Prefixes indicating number, size, and magnitude;Prefixes with a negative meaning;Prefixes indicating location and direction; andPrefixes that don’t fall into the above categories but are commonly used in medical terminology. For enhanced learning, each category provides the prefix and its meaning as well as a sample word and its definition.
Slide6PREFIXES INDICATING NUMBER, SIZE, AND MAGNITUDEPrefix: HYPER.Prefix Meanings: Too many, excessive.Sample Word and Definition: Hyperactivity: Excessive activity.
Prefix: HYPO.Prefix Meanings: Less, deficient.Sample Word and Definition: Hypoplastic: Deficient development.
Prefix:
MACRO
.Prefix Meanings: Large, excessively large or big.Sample Word and Definition: Macrocephalic: Abnormal largeness of the head.Prefix: MICRO.
Prefix Meanings: Small, abnormally small.
Sample Word and Definition: Microcephalic: Abnormal smallness of the head.
Prefix:
HEMI
.
Prefix Meaning: Half.
Sample Word and Definition: Hemiplegia: Paralysis affecting only one side of the body
.
Prefix:
UNI
.
Prefix Meaning: One.
Sample Word and Definition: Uniarticular: Pertaining to one joint.
Prefix:
MONO
.
Prefix Meaning: One.
Sample Word and Definition: Monoplegia: Paralysis of one part.
Prefix:
BI
.
Prefix Meaning: Two.
Sample Word and Definition: Biceps: A muscle with two heads.
Prefix
:
TRI
.
Prefix Meaning: Three.
Sample Word and Definition: Triceps: A muscle with three heads.
Prefix:
QUADRI
.
Prefix
Meaning: Four.
Sample Word and Definition: Quadriceps:
A
muscle with four heads.
Slide7PREFIXES INDICATING A NEGATIVE MEANINGPrefixes: A and AN.
Prefix Meaning: Without.Sample Words and Definitions: Atrophy: Without nutrition;
Anesthesia
: Without sensation.
Prefixes:
IM
and
IN
.
Prefix Meaning: Not.
Sample
Words and Definitions:
Immobility: Not movable;
Infirm: Not strong.
Slide8PREFIXES INDICATING LOCATION AND DIRECTIONPrefixes: EXTRA, EXO, and EX.Prefix Meanings: Outside, beyond the scope, in addition, out from.
Sample Words and Definitions:Extraarticular: Outside of a joint;Exoskeleton: Hard, protective structure formed on the outside of the body of many animals;Exostosis: An outgrowth of cartilaginous tissue on a bone.
Prefixes:
ENDO and INTRA.Prefix Meanings: Within, inner, absorbing, containing.Sample Words and Definitions:
Endoskeleton: Inner skeleton;
Endoscope: Implement used in minimally invasive surgery;
Intramedullary: Within the bone marrow, the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata.
Prefix:
INTER
.
Prefix Meaning: Between.
Sample Word and Definition: Intertrochanteric: Between the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur.
Prefixes:
PERI
and
CIRCUM
.
Prefix
Meaning: Around.
Sample Words and Definitions:
Periosteum: A fibrous vascular membrane that covers bones;
Circumduction: Circular movement of a limb or of the eye.
Prefix:
AB
.
Prefix Meanings: From, away from.
Sample Word and Definition: Abductor muscle: Any muscle used to pull a body part away from the midline of the body.
Prefix:
AD
.
Prefix Meanings: To, near, toward.
Sample Word and Definition: Adduction: Movement of a body part toward midline.
Prefix:
TRANS
.
Prefix Meaning: Across.
Sample Word and Definition: Transplant: Move or transfer something to another place.
Slide9PREFIXES INDICATING LOCATION AND DIRECTION, continuedPrefixes: DIA, DI, and DIS. Prefix Meaning: Apart from.
Sample Words and Definitions:Diastasis: Separation of adjacent bones without fracture;Disarticulation: Separation of two bones at their joint. Prefixes:
SYM
and
SYN.Prefix Meanings: With, together. Sample Words and Definitions:Symphysis: A growing together of parts or structures;Synostosis: A fusion of two bones without fracture.
Prefixes:
IM
and
IN
.
Prefix
Meaning: In.
Sample Words and Definitions:
Impacted: Pressed firmly together;
Injection: Forcing a liquid into a part
.
Prefix:
PARA
.
Prefix Meaning: Beside.
Sample Word and Definition: Paravertebral: Beside the vertebral column.
Prefixes:
INFRA
and
SUB
.
Prefix Meaning: Under.
Sample Words and Definitions:
Infrapatellar: Below or beneath the patella;
Subtalar: Situated or occurring beneath the talus.
Prefix
:
RE
.
Prefix Meanings: Back, backward, again, contrary.
Sample Word and Definition: Recurvatum: To bend back; backward thrust or bending; for example, of the knee caused by weakness of the quadriceps or a joint disorder.
Prefix:
SUPRA
.
Prefix Meaning: Above.
Sample Word and Definition: Supraspinous: Above any spine, especially above one or more of the vertebral spines.
Slide10PREFIXES MISCELLANEOUSPrefix: IDIO.Prefix Meaning: One’s own.Sample Word and Definition: Idiopathic: Any disease or condition that is of uncertain or unknown origin.
Prefix: ISO.Prefix Meaning: Equal.Sample Word and Definition: Isometric: Having equal dimensions.Prefix: HYDRO.
Prefix Meaning: Water.
Sample Word and Definition: Hydrocephalic: Enlargement of the skull and compression of the brain due to abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid.
Prefix: ORTHO.Prefix Meaning: Straight.Sample Word and Definition: Orthopedist: Branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of injuries or disorders of the skeletal system and associated muscles, joints, and ligaments
.
Prefix:
PSEUDO
.
Prefix
Meaning: False.
Sample Word and Definition: Pseudoarthrosis: A new, false joint arising at the site of an un-united fracture
.
Prefix
:
EPI
.
Prefix Meaning: Upon.
Sample Word and Definition: Epicondyle: A rounded projection at the end of a bone, located on or above a condyle; usually serving as a place of attachment for ligaments and tendons.
Prefix:
NEO
.
Prefix Meaning: New.
Sample Word and Definition: Neoplasm: New formation (growth).
Prefix:
PAN
.
Prefix Meaning: All.
Sample Word and Definition: Pantalar fusion: A fusion of all the joints to which the talus contributes.
Prefix:
MORPHO
.
Prefix
Meaning: Form.
Sample Word and Definition: Morphology: The study of
biological forms.
Slide11PREFIXES SELF-ASSESSMENT OPTIONSYou have two options for self-assessment: Visit Quizlet to test your knowledge of medical terminology prefixes or take the multiple-choice quiz that follows.
QUIZLET: Click on the following link: Link to Quizlet: Medical Terminology
Prefixes
. Once on the site, click on “Test Your Knowledge: Medical Terminology Prefixes.” You will see a list of prefixes and their associated meanings. Give the list a quick review. Choose any or all of the “Study” tools and “Play” tools listed at the top of the page. Test your knowledge in multiple ways, including flashcards, formal tests, spelling, and timed games. Note: With the test option, you can re-format in multiple ways and take as many times as you like. When finished, return to this presentation for more medical terminology information.
QUIZ: Use
the following
quiz to
test and apply your knowledge.
Read
the
prefix provided and
determine
its correct meaning. Proceed
to the next slide for the correct answer
. This self-assessment
consists of
15 questions
.
Slide12Review Question 1The prefix INFRA means:A. Under.B. Not.C. Form.D. Four.
Slide13Answer Question 1The prefix INFRA means:The answer is “A”: Under.
Slide14Review Question 2The prefix INTER means:A. Under.B. Above.C. Between.D. False.
Slide15Answer Question 2The prefix INTER means:The answer is “C”: Between.
Slide16Review Question 3The prefix HYPER means:A. Above.B. To, near, toward.C. With, together.D. Too many, excessive.
Slide17Answer Question 3The prefix HYPER means:The answer is “D”: Too many, excessive.
Slide18Review Question 4The prefix DIA means:A. Apart from.B. Not.C. Form.D. Under.
Slide19Answer Question 4The prefix DIA means:The answer is “A”: Apart from.
Slide20Review Question 5The prefix HYPO means:A. Less, deficient.B. Straight.C. Between.D. With, together.
Slide21Answer Question 5The prefix HYPO means:The answer is “A”: Less, deficient.
Slide22Review Question 6The prefix IM means:A. Form.B. Four.C. Not.D. All.
Slide23Answer Question 6The prefix IM means:The answer is “C”: Not.
Slide24Review Question 7The prefix PSEUDO means:A. False.B. All.C. Four.D. Above.
Slide25Answer Question 7The prefix PSEUDO means:The answer is “A”: False.
Slide26Review Question 8The prefix SYM means:A. Between.B. With, together.C. Four.D. Straight.
Slide27Answer Question 8The prefix SYM means:The answer is “B”: With, together.
Slide28Review Question 9The prefix AD means:A. To, near, toward.B. With, together.C. Between.D. Apart from.
Slide29Answer Question 9The prefix AD means:The answer is “A”: To, near, toward.
Slide30Review Question 10The prefix ORTHO means:A. Not.B. All.C. Form.D. Straight.
Slide31Answer Question 10The prefix ORTHO means:The answer is “D”: Straight.
Slide32Review Question 11The prefix PAN means:A. All.B. Not.C. False.D. Four.
Slide33Answer Question 11The prefix PAN means:The answer is “A”: All.
Slide34Review Question 12The prefix ENDO means:A. With, together.B. Less, deficient.C. Within, inner, absorbing, containing.D. To, near, toward.
Slide35Answer Question 12The prefix ENDO means:The answer is “C”: Within, inner, absorbing, containing.
Slide36Review Question 13The prefix SUPRA means:A. Above.B. All.C. Not.D. Four.
Slide37Answer Question 13The prefix SUPRA means:The answer is “A”: Above.
Slide38Review Question 14The prefix MORPHO means:A. Above.B. Four.C. Form.D. Not.
Slide39Answer Question 14The prefix MORPHO means:The answer is “C”: Form.
Slide40Review Question 15The prefix QUADRI means:A. Above.B. Not.C. Four.D. Form.
Slide41Answer Question 15The prefix QUADRI means:The answer is “C”: Four. This concludes the Prefixes Self-Assessment.
Slide42COMMONLY USED SUFFIXESPREFIX, ROOT/STEM, SUFFIX.This section features suffixes commonly used in medical terminology. Unlike the prefix section, the suffix section is not divided into categories
.For enhanced learning, the suffix and its meaning is provided, along with a sample word and its definition.
Slide43COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES, continuedSuffixes: ABLE and IBLE.Suffix Meanings: Able, capable.
Sample Words and Definitions:Viable: Capable of working successfully;Irreversible: Not able to be undone or altered. Suffixes: AL, AC
, and
IC
.Suffix Meanings: Related to, characterized by. Sample Words and Definitions:Crural: Relating to the leg or thigh;
Cardiac: Relating to the heart;
Osteopathic: A system of medicine based on the theory that disturbances in the musculoskeletal system affect other bodily parts.
Suffix:
ITY
.
Suffix Meaning: Quality.
Sample Word and Definition: Porosity: The quality of being porous.
Suffixes:
EAL, EOUS, OSE,
and
OUS
.
Suffix Meaning: Of that kind.
Sample
Words and Definitions:
Osteal: Of the nature or quality of bone;
Osseous: Consisting of or resembling bone;
Adipose: Of a fat-like quality;
Cartilaginous: Of the nature of cartilage.
Suffixes:
IA, ID,
and
ISM
.
Suffix Meaning: Condition (usually morbid
).
Sample
Words and Definitions:
Malacia: The condition of being pathologically soft;
Flaccid: The condition of lacking firmness; hanging limply;
Mutism: The condition of being mute
.
Suffix
:
IZE
.
Suffix Meaning: Act in a certain way.
Sample Word and Definition: Osteotomize: To perform an osteotomy (surgical cutting or removal of a piece of bone).
Slide44COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES, continued.Suffixes: IST, OR, and ER.Suffix Meaning: One who practices, agent.
Sample Words and Definitions:Orthopaedist: One who practices orthopaedics;Donor: One who donates;Examiner: One who examines.
Suffixes:
CLE and CULE.Suffix Meaning: Diminutive. Sample Words and Definitions:Tubercle: A little knot or knob;
Molecule: A small mass.
Suffix:
OMA
.
Suffix Meaning: Tumor (new growth).
Sample Word and Definition: Osteoma: A bone tumor.
Suffix
:
ITIS
.
Suffix Meaning: Inflammation.
Sample Word and Definition: Arthritis: Inflammation of a joint.
Suffixes:
ALGIA
and
DYNIA
.
Suffix
Meaning: Pain.
Sample Words and Definitions:
Neuralgia: Nerve pain;
Coccydynia: Coccygeal pain.
Suffixes:
OSIS
and
Y
.
Suffix Meaning: Condition (usually morbid).
Sample
Words and Definitions:
Necrosis: The condition of dying;
Apoplexy: The condition of having suffered a stroke.
Slide45COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES, continuedSuffix: LOGY.Suffix Meaning: Study of.Sample Word and Definition: Pathology: The study of disease.
Suffix: PATHY.Suffix Meaning: Disease.Sample Word and Definition: Achondropathy: A disease involving cartilage.Suffix
:
PLASIA
.Suffix Meaning: Formation.Sample Word and Definition: Achondroplasia: Without formation of cartilage; a genetic disorder disturbing normal growth of cartilage.Suffix: PTOSIS.Suffix Meaning: A falling.
Sample Word and Definition: Gastroptosis: A falling or abnormal sagging of the stomach into the lower abdomen.
Suffix:
STASIS
.
Suffix Meaning: Position.
Sample Word and Definition: Metastasis: Change of position.
Suffix:
THERAPY
.
Suffix Meaning: Treatment.
Sample Word and Definition: Radiotherapy: Treatment by radium.
Suffix:
OTOMY
.
Suffix Meaning: To cut into.
Sample Word and Definition: Osteotomy: To cut into a bone.
Suffix:
ECTOMY
.
Suffix Meaning: To cut out.
Sample Word and Definition: Patelliectomy: To cut out the patella (kneecap removal).
Slide46SUFFIXES SELF-ASSESSMENT OPTIONSYou have two options for self-assessment: Visit Quizlet to test your knowledge of medical terminology suffixes or take the multiple-choice quiz that follows.
QUIZLET: Click on the following link: Link to Quizlet: Medical
Terminology Suffixes
. Once on the site, click on “Test Your Knowledge: Medical Terminology Suffixes.” You will see a list of suffixes and their associated meanings. Give the list a quick review. Choose any or all of the “Study” tools and “Play” tools listed at the top of the page. Test your knowledge in multiple ways, including flashcards, formal tests, spelling, and timed games. Note: With the test option, you can re-format in multiple ways and take as many times as you like. When finished, return to this presentation for more medical terminology information.
QUIZ: Use
the following
quiz to
test and apply your knowledge.
Read
the
suffix provided and
determine
its correct meaning. Proceed
to the next slide for the correct answer
. This self-assessment
consists of
10 questions
.
Slide47Review Question 1.The suffix IST means:A. Of that kind.B. Inflammation.C. One who practices; agent.D. To cut into.
Slide48Answer Question 1.The suffix IST means:The answer is “C”: One who practices; agent.
Slide49Review Question 2.The suffix ECTOMY means:A. To cut out.B. To cut into.C. Of that kind.D. Position.
Slide50Answer Question 2.The suffix ECTOMY means:The answer is “A”: To cut out.
Slide51Review Question 3.The suffix ALGIA means:A. Diminutive.B. Position.C. Pain.D. Disease.
Slide52Answer Question 3.The suffix ALGIA means:The answer is “C”: Pain.
Slide53Review Question 4.The suffix IZE means:A. To cut into.B. Diminutive.C. To cut out.D. Act in a certain way.
Slide54Answer Question 4.The suffix IZE means:The answer is “D”: Act in a certain way.
Slide55Review Question 5.The suffix EOUS means:A. To cut out.B. Pain.C. To cut into.D. Of that kind.
Slide56Answer Question 5.The suffix EOUS means:The answer is “D”: Of that kind.
Slide57Review Question 6.The suffix ITIS means:A. Position.B. Of that kind.C. Pain.D. Inflammation.
Slide58Answer Question 6.The suffix ITIS means:The answer is “D”: Inflammation.
Slide59Review Question 7.The suffix CULE means:A. Diminutive.B. Positive.C. Pain.D. Disease.
Slide60Answer Question 7.The suffix CULE means:The answer is “A”: Diminutive.
Slide61Review Question 8.The suffix PATHY means:A. Position.B. Disease.C. Pain.D. Diminutive.
Slide62Answer Question 8.The suffix PATHY means:The answer is “B”: Disease.
Slide63Review Question 9.The suffix OTOMY means:A. To cut into.B. Of that kind.C. To cut out.D. Position.
Slide64Answer Question 9.The suffix OTOMY means:The answer is “A”: To cut into.
Slide65Review Question 10.The suffix STASIS means:A. To cut out.B. Diminutive.C. Pain.D. Position.
Slide66Answer Question 10.The suffix STASIS means:The answer is “D”: Position. This concludes the Suffixes Self-Assessment.
Slide67COMMONLY USED ROOTS / STEMSPREFIX, ROOT/STEM, SUFFIX.The Root/Stem section is divided into the following sub-sections: Bones, Joints, Muscles, and Nerves
.For enhanced learning, each sub-section provides the root / stem and its meaning as well as a word analysis section.
Slide68ROOTS / STEMS: BONESRoots / Stems: OS, OSSIS, and OSTEON.Meaning: Bone.
Root / Stem: CHONDROS.Meaning: Cartilage. Root / Stem: SPONDYLOS.
Meaning: Vertebra.
Root / Stem: COSTA.Meaning: Rib. Root / Stem: CONDYLOS.
Meaning: Knuckle.
Root / Stem:
TROCHANTER.
Meaning: Pulley.
Root / Stem:
PATELLA.
Meaning: Kneecap.
Root / Stem:
FIBULA.
Meaning: Bone parallel with shin.
Roots
/
Stems:
CRUS
and
CRUR.
Meaning: Leg.
Roots
/
Stems:
PES, PED,
and
POD.
Meaning: Foot.
Root / Stem:
ILIUM.
Meaning: Flank; hip
.
Root / Stem:
COXA.
Meaning: Hip
.
Slide69ROOTS / STEMS: BONES, continuedRoot / Stem: POLLEX.Meaning: Thumb.
Root / Stem: HALLUX.Meaning: Great Toe. Root / Stem: DIGITUS.Meaning: Finger.
Root / Stem:
BRACHIUM.
Meaning: Arm. Root / Stem: CUBITUS.Meaning: Forearm.
Root / Stem:
FEMUR.
Meaning: Thigh.
Root / Stem:
TIBIA.
Meaning: Shin
.
Slide70ROOTS / STEMS: BONES—WORD ANALYSISWord: OSTEO / LOGY.Analysis: Bone + The Science or Study Of.
Word: OSTEO / TOMY.Analysis: Bone + To Cut. Word: OSTEO / POR / OSIS.Analysis: Bone + Passage + The Morbid Condition Of.
Word:
OSTEO / MALACIA.
Analysis: Bone + A Softening. Word: OSTEO / GEN / ESIS.Analysis: Bone + To Produce.
Word:
OSTEO / CLASIS.
Analysis: Bone + Breaking.
Word:
OSTEO / MYEL / ITIS.
Analysis: Bone + Marrow + Inflammation.
Word:
OSTEO / OMA.
Analysis: Bone + Tumor.
Word:
EPI / PHY / SIS.
Analysis: Upon + Growth + Condition Of Being.
Word:
EPI / PHYSIO / DESIS.
Analysis: Epiphysis + A Binding.
Word:
EPI / PHYSIO / LYSIS.
Analysis: Epiphysis + A Loosening.
Word:
EPI / PHYS / ITIS.
Analysis: Epiphysis + Inflammation.
Word:
EX / OST / OSIS.
Analysis: Out Of + Bone + Morbid Condition.
Word:
EXO / SKELETAL.
Analysis: Outside + Skeleton (Crustacean).
Slide71ROOTS / STEMS: BONES—WORD ANALYSIS, continuedWord: ENDO / SKELETAL.Analysis: Inside + Skeleton (Vertebrate).
Word: OSTEO / AL.Analysis: Bony: Osseous. Word: OSSI / CLE.Analysis: Any Small Bone.
Word:
OSTE / ITIS.
Analysis: Bone + Inflammation. Word: OSTEO / CHONDR/ OMA.Analysis: Bone + Cartilage + Tumor.
Word:
OSTEO / CHONDR / ITIS.
Analysis: Bone + Cartilage + Inflammation.
Word:
OSTEO / CHARTILAGIN/ OUS.
Analysis: Bone + Cartilage + Of That Kind.
Word
:
OSTEO / DYS / TROPHY.
Analysis: Bone + Bad + Nutrition.
Word:
PERI / OST / EUM.
Analysis: Around + Bone.
Word:
PERI / OST / ITIS.
Analysis: Around + Bone + Inflammation.
Word:
OSTEO / NECR / OSIS.
Analysis: Bone + Death + Condition Of Being.
Slide72ROOTS / STEMS: JOINTSRoot / Stem: ARTHRON.Meaning: Joint.
Root / Stem: ARTICULUS.Meaning: Joint.Root / Stem: GLENE.Meaning: Socket.
Root / Stem:
ACETABULUM.
Meaning: Hip Socket.Root / Stem: COXAL JOINT.Meaning: Hip Joint
.
Root / Stem:
GENU.
Meaning: Knee
.
Root / Stem:
TALUS.
Meaning: Ankle
.
Root
/ Stem:
CARPUS.
Meaning: Wrist.
Slide73ROOTS / STEMS: JOINTS—WORD ANALYSISWord: ARTHRO / LOGY.Analysis: Joint + The Science or Study Of.Word:
ARTHRO / PATHY.Analysis: Joint + Disease.Word: ARTHRO / DESIS.Analysis: Joint + Binding. Word:
ARTHR / ALGIA.
Analysis: Joint + Pain.
Word: ARTHRO / GRYPOSIS.Analysis: Joint + Curved + Morbid Condition.Word: ARTHR / ITIS.
Analysis: Joint + Inflammation (Traumatic Pyogenic).
Word:
ARTHRO/ CHONDR/ ITIS.
Analysis: Joint + Cartilage + Inflammation.
Word:
ARTHRO / PLASTY.
Analysis: Joint + To Form.
Word:
OSTEO / ARTHR / ITIS.
Analysis: Bone + Joint + Inflammation.
Word:
PERI / ARTHR / ITIS.
Analysis: Around + Joint + Inflammation.
Word:
POLY / ARTICUL / AR
Analysis: Many + Joints
Word:
MONO / ARTICUL / AR.
Analysis: One + Joint.
Word:
INTRA / ARTICUL / AR.
Analysis: Within + A Joint.
Word:
BI / ARTICUL / AR.
Analysis: Two + Joints.
Slide74ROOTS / STEMS: JOINTS—WORD ANALYSIS, continuedWord: INTER / ARTICUL / AR.Analysis: Between + Joints.
Word: BI / AXIAL JOINT.Analysis: Two + Axes + Joint.Word: POLY / AXIAL JOINT.Analysis: Many + Axes + Joint.Word:
UNI / AXIAL JOINT.
Analysis: One + Axis + Joint.
Word: SYN / ARTHR / OSIS.Analysis: Together + Joint + The Condition of Being.Word:
AMPHI / ARTHR / OSIS.
Analysis: On Both Sides + Joint + The Condition of Being.
Word
:
DI / ARTHR / OSIS.
Analysis: Apart From + Joint + The Condition of Being.
Word
:
TALO / CRURAL JOINT.
Analysis: Ankle + Leg + Joint.
Word:
SUB / TALAR JOINT.
Analysis: Below + Ankle + Joint.
Word:
GENU / RECURVATUM.
Analysis: Knee + Backward Bending or Curvature.
Word:
GENU / VARUM or GENU / VARUS.
Analysis: Knee + Distal Segment Bent Toward Midline.
Word:
GENU / VALGUM or GENU / VALGUS.
Analysis: Knee + Distal Segment Bent Away From Midline.
Slide75ROOTS / STEMS: JOINTS—WORD ANALYSIS, continued.Word: COXA / VARA.Analysis: Angle Between Neck and Shaft of Femur Less Than 125 degrees to 130 degrees.
Word: COXA / VALGA.Analysis: Angle Between Neck and Shaft of Femur Greater Than 125 degrees to 130 degrees.Word:
PSEUD / ARTHR / OSIS.
Analysis: False + Joint + The Condition Of Being.
Word: SPONDYL / ITIS.Analysis: Vertebra + Inflammation.Word:
SPONDYLO / LISTHESIS.
Analysis: Vertebra + To Slip.
Slide76ROOTS / STEMS: MUSCLESRoot / Stem: MYO, MY, and MUSCULOS.Meaning: Muscle.Root / Stem:
TENO and TENONTO.Meaning: Tendon.Root / Stem: BI, TRI, QUADRICEPS.Meaning: 2, 3, 4 Headed.Root / Stem:
COMMUNIS.
Meaning: Common.
Root / Stem: EXTRENUS.Meaning: Outer.Root / Stem: GRACILIS.
Meaning: Slender.
Root / Stem:
OBLIQUUS.
Meaning: Oblique.
Root / Stem:
PROFOUNDUS.
Meaning: Deep.
Root / Stem:
LONGUS.
Meaning: Long.
Root / Stem:
MAGNUS.
Meaning: Great.
Root / Stem:
MAJOR.
Meaning: Greater.
Root / Stem:
MAXIMUS.
Meaning: Greatest.
Root / Stem:
MEDIUS.
Meaning: Middle.
Root / Stem:
MINIMUS.
Meaning: Smallest.
Slide77ROOTS / STEMS: MUSCLES.Root / Stem: MINOR.Meaning: Smaller.
Root / Stem: VASTUS.Meaning: Huge.Root / Stem: RHOMBOIDEUS.Meaning: Diamond shaped.Root / Stem:
QUADRATUS.
Meaning: Square.
Root / Stem: RECTUS.Meaning: Straight.
Root / Stem
: BREVIS.
Meaning: Short.
Root / Stem:
SUBLIMIS.
Meaning: Topmost.
Root / Stem:
TERES.
Meaning: Round (Cylindrical).
Root / Stem:
TRANSVERSUS.
Meaning: Crosswise.
Slide78ROOTS / STEMS: MUSCLES.Root / Stem: MINOR.Meaning: Smaller.
Root / Stem: VASTUS.Meaning: Huge.Root / Stem: RHOMBOIDEUS.Meaning: Diamond shaped.Root / Stem:
QUADRATUS.
Meaning: Square.
Root / Stem: RECTUS.Meaning: Straight.
Root / Stem
: BREVIS.
Meaning: Short.
Root / Stem:
SUBLIMIS.
Meaning: Topmost.
Root / Stem:
TERES.
Meaning: Round (Cylindrical).
Root / Stem:
TRANSVERSUS.
Meaning: Crosswise.
Slide79ROOTS / STEMS: MUSCLES—WORD ANALYSISWord: MYO / LOGY.Analysis: Muscle + The Science or Study Of.Word:
MY / ALGIA.Analysis: Muscle + Pain.Word: MY / ASTHENIA.Analysis: Muscle + Weakness.Word:
MY / A / TONIA.
Analysis: Muscle + Loss + Tone.
Word: MYOS / ITIS.Analysis: Muscle + Inflammation.Word: MYO / CARDIUM.
Analysis: Muscle + Heart.
Word:
MYO / HYPER / TROPHIA.
Analysis: Muscle + Over + Nutrition.
Word:
MY / OMA.
Analysis: Muscle + Tumor.
Word:
MYO / NECRO / SIS.
Analysis: Muscle + Death.
Word:
MY / OPATHY.
Analysis: Muscle + Disease.
Word:
MY / A / TROPHY.
Analysis: Muscle + Without + Nutrition.
Word:
MYO / PLASTIC.
Analysis: Muscle + To Form.
Word:
MYO / SCLEROSIS.
Analysis: Muscle + Hardening.
Word:
MYO / TONIA.
Analysis: Muscle + Tone.
Slide80ROOTS / STEMS: MUSCLES—WORD ANALYSIS, continuedWord: A / MYO / TONIA.Analysis: Without + Muscle + Tone.
Word: PSEUDO/ HYPER/ TROPHIC.Analysis: False + Over + Nutrition of a Muscle Caused By.Word: MUSCULAR / DYS/ TROPHY.Analysis: Muscle + Abnormal (Bad) + Nutrition.
Word:
MYO / CARD / ITIS.
Analysis: Muscle + Heart + Inflammation.Word: MYO / MALACIA.Analysis: Muscle + Softening.
Word:
TENO / DESIS.
Analysis: Tendon + Binding (Anchoring).
Word:
TENO / SYNOV / ITIS.
Analysis: Tendon + Synovia + Inflammation.
Word
:
TENO / DYNIA.
Analysis: Tendon + Pain.
Word:
TEN / OTOMY.
Analysis: Tendon + To Cut.
Word:
TENO / MY / OTOMY.
Analysis: Tendon + Muscle + To Cut.
Word:
TEN / ECTOMY.
Analysis: Tendon + To Cut Out.
Slide81ROOTS / STEMS: NERVESRoot / Stem: NEURON.Meaning: Nerve.Root / Stem:
NEURO and NEUR.Meaning: Relationship to a nerve or nerves, or to the nervous system.Root / Stem: MYEL.Meaning: The spinal cord (the marrow of the spinal cord).
Root / Stem:
MYELO.
Meaning: Relationship to the spinal cord or marrow.Root / Stem: PLEGIA.Meaning: Paralysis.
Root / Stem:
PARESIS.
Meaning: Weakness.
Root / Stem:
CEREBRUM
and
ENCEPHALON.
Meaning: Brain.
Root / Stem:
MENINGES.
Meaning: The three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord (arachnoid, pia mater, dura
mater).
Slide82ROOTS / STEMS: NERVES—WORD ANALYSISWord: POLIO / MYEL / ITIS. Analysis: Gray (Matter) + Spinal Cord + Inflammation.
Word: QUADRI / PLEGIA.Analysis: Four + Paralysis. Word: HEMI / PARESIS.Analysis: Half + Weakness.
Word:
TRANSVERSE/
MYEL / ITIS.Analysis: Across + Spinal Cord + Inflammation.Word: SYRINGO / MYELIA.Analysis: Pipe or Cavity + Spinal Cord.
Word:
MENING / ITIS.
Analysis: Meninges + Inflammation.
Word:
ENCEPHAL / ITIS.
Analysis: Brain + Inflammation
.
Word:
NEURO / LOGY.
Analysis: Nerve + The Study Of.
Word
:
NEURO / PATHY.
Analysis: Any Nervous Disease.
Word:
MYELO / GRAPHY.
Analysis: Spinal Cord + To Write.
Word:
NEUR / OMA.
Analysis: Nerve + Tumor.
Word:
INTRA / CEREBRAL / HEMAT / OMA.
Analysis: Within + Brain + Blood + Tumor.
Word:
EXTRA / DURAL / HEMAT / OMA.
Analysis: Outside + Dural Membrane + Blood + Tumor.
Word:
MENINGI / OMA.
Analysis: Meninges + Tumor.
Word:
INTRA / MEDULLARY.
Analysis: Within + Marrow (Spinal Cord or Bone).
Slide83ROOTS / STEMS SELF-ASSESSMENT OPTIONSYou have two options for self-assessment:
Visit Quizlet to test your knowledge of medical terminology roots / stems or take the multiple-choice quiz that follows.QUIZLET: Click on the following link: Link to Quizlet Medical Terminology Roots / Stems. Once on the site, click on “Test Your Knowledge: Medical Terminology Roots / Stems.” You will see a list of roots / stems and their associated meanings. Give the list a quick review. Choose any or all of the “Study” tools and “Play” tools listed at the top of the page. Test your knowledge in multiple ways, including flashcards, formal tests, spelling, and timed games. Note: With the test option, you can re-format in multiple ways and take as many times as you like. When finished, return to this presentation for more medical terminology information.
QUIZ
: Use
the following quiz to
test and apply your knowledge.
Read
the
root / stem provided and
determine
its correct meaning. Proceed
to the next slide for the correct answer
. This self-assessment
consists of
20 questions
.
Slide84Review Question 1The root / stem CEREBRUM means:A. Hip.B. Brain.C. Wrist.D. Shin.
Slide85Answer Question 1The root / stem CEREBRUM means:The answer is “B”: Brain.
Slide86Review Question 2The root / stem ACETABULUM means:A. Short.B. Knee.C. Hip socket.D. Paralysis.
Slide87Answer Question 2 The root / stem ACETABULUM means:The answer is “C”: Hip socket.
Slide88Review Question 3The root / stem NEURON means:A. Ankle.B. Knee.C. Huge.D. Nerve.
Slide89Answer Question 3 The root / stem NEURON means:The answer is “D”: Nerve.
Slide90Review Question 4The root / stem COXA means:A. Hip.B. Shin.C. Huge.D. Brain.
Slide91Answer Question 4The root / stem COXA means:The answer is “A”: Hip.
Slide92Review Question 5The root / stem PARESIS means:A. Knee.B. Brain.C. Greatest.D. Weakness.
Slide93Answer Question 5 The root / stem PARESIS means:The answer is “D”: Weakness.
Slide94Review Question 6The root / stem GENU means:A. Knee.B. Huge.C. Ankle.D. Nerve.
Slide95Answer Question 6The root / stem GENU means:The answer is “A”: Knee.
Slide96Review Question 7The root / stem PLEGIA means:A. Paralysis.B. Crosswise.C. Brain.D. Wrist.
Slide97Answer Question 7The root / stem PLEGIA means:The answer is “A”: Paralysis.
Slide98Review Question 8The root / stem BREVIS means:A. Crosswise.B. Shin.C. Huge.D. Short.
Slide99Answer Question 8The root / stem BREVIS means:The answer is “D”: Short.
Slide100Review Question 9The root / stem HALLUX means:A. Brain.B. Great toe.C. Crosswise.D. Greatest.
Slide101Answer Question 9The root / stem HALLUX means:The answer is “B”: Great toe.
Slide102Review Question 10The root / stem COMMUNUS means:A. Nerve.B. Brain.C. Socket.D. Common.
Slide103Answer Question 10 The root / stem COMMUNUS means:The answer is “D”: Common.
Slide104Review Question 11The root / stem TIBIA means:A. Shin.B. Hip.C. Brain.D. Socket.
Slide105Answer Question 11 The root / stem TIBIA means:The answer is “A”: Shin.
Slide106Review Question 12The root / stem GLENE means:A. Socket.B. Knee.C. Crosswise.D. Short.
Slide107Answer Question 12 The root / stem GLENE means:The answer is “A”: Socket.
Slide108Review Question 13The root / stem CARPUS means:A. Short.B. Wrist.C. Shin.D. Hip.
Slide109Answer Question 13 The root / stem CARPUS means:The answer is “B”: Wrist.
Slide110Review Question 14The root / stem VASTUS means:A. Huge.B. Hip.C. Shin.D. Knee.
Slide111Answer Question 14 The root / stem VASTUS means:The answer is “A”: Huge.
Slide112Review Question 15The root / stem PATELLA means:A. Nerve.B. Hip.C. Wrist.D. Kneecap.
Slide113Answer Question 15 The root / stem PATELLA means:The answer is “D”: Kneecap.
Slide114Review Question 16The root / stem CHONDROS means:A. Ankle.B. Brain.C. Cartilage.D. Wrist.
Slide115Answer Question 16 The root / stem CHONDROS means:The answer is “C”: Cartilage.
Slide116Review Question 17The root / stem MAXIMUS means:A. Great toe.B. Weakness.C. Wrist.D. Greatest.
Slide117Answer Question 17 The root / stem MAXIMUS means:The answer is “D”: Greatest.
Slide118Review Question 18The root / stem TRANSVERSUS means:A. Paralysis.B. Cartilage.C. Wrist.D. Crosswise.
Slide119Answer Question 18 The root / stem TRANSVERSUS means:The answer is “D”: Crosswise.
Slide120Review Question 19The root / stem MYEL means:A. The spinal cord (the marrow of the spinal cord).B. Cartilage.C. Hip socket.D. Paralysis.
Slide121Answer Question 19 The root / stem MYEL means:The answer is “A”: The spinal cord (the marrow of the spinal cord).
Slide122Review Question 20The root / stem TALUS means:A. Knee.B. Huge.C. Ankle.D. Nerve.
Slide123Answer Question 20 The root / stem TALUS means:The answer is “C”: Ankle. This concludes the Roots / Stems Self-Assessment.
Slide124ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMSThe following section provides commonly used Orthotic and Prosthetic terms and their definitions.
Slide125ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS – LIST Below is an alphabetical list of commonly used orthotic and prosthetic terms.
A: Acromion, Anatomical Position, Ankle / Foot Orthosis (AFO), Atrophy.C: Catalyst, Cervical Orthosis (CO), Cervico-Thoracic Orthosis (CTO), Congenital.E: Endoskeletal Prostheses, Epicondyle, Exoskeletal Prostheses.
F:
Femur, Fibula, Foot Orthosis (FO).
G: Genu.H: Hallux, Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (HKAFO), Humerus.
I:
Iliac Crest, Iliac Spine, Ischial Tuberosity.
K
: Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO).
L
: Laminate, Ligaments, Lumbar, Lumbosacral Orthosis (LSO).
M
: Metatarsal Bones.
O
: Orthosis, Orthotics, Orthotist.
P
. Partial Foot Prostheses (PFP), Partial Hand Prosthesis (PHP), Pedorthics, Pedorthist, PES, Phalangeal, Plantar, Popliteal, Pre-Fabricated Orthosis, Prosthesis, Prosthetics, Prosthetist.
S
: Skive, Syme’s Prosthesis.
T
: Talus, Tarsal, Tendons, Thoracic / Lumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO), Transfemoral (Above Knee) Prosthesis (TF/AK), Transhumeral (Above Elbow) Prosthesis (TH/AE), Transradial (Below Elbow) Prosthesis (TR/BE), Transtibial (Below Knee) Prosthesis (TT/BK), Trochanter.
V
: Valgus, Varus.
W
: Wrist / Hand Orthosis (WHO).
Slide126ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS.ACROMION: The lateral (outward) end of the scapula (shoulder blade).ANATOMICAL POSITION: Standing erect with palms of the hands turned anterior (forward); serves as a reference starting position for describing motions and planes.
ANKLE/FOOT ORTHOSIS (AFO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders of the ankle and foot.ATROPHY: Defect or failure of nutrition, manifested as a wasting away in the size of cell, tissue, organ, or part; in amputations, caused from lack of muscle use or muscles having no origin or insertion point.
Slide127ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continuedCATALYST: A substance that causes a chemical reaction, which creates heat that causes the resin to cure (benzoyl peroxide); used in 90% of thermosetting resins for fabricating prosthetic and orthotic devices; “pre-preg” becoming more popular.CERVICAL ORTHOSIS (CO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders of the cervical spine.
CERVICO-THORACIC ORTHOSIS (CTO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders involving the cervical and/or thoracic spine.CONGENITAL: Any condition present at birth; the most common congenital amputation is an amputation below the elbow caused from amniotic banding.
Slide128ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (1)ENDOSKELETAL PROSTHESES: Prostheses designed with modular components that allow for alignment and adjustment.EPICONDYLE: An eminence (medial and lateral) of the humerus at its distal end.
EXOSKELETAL PROSTHESES: Prostheses designed with a rigid laminated structural shell.FEMUR: Thigh bone, largest bone in the body; bone is cut or is disarticulated during amputation surgery for transfemoral amputations.
Slide129ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (2)FIBULA: Lateral slender bone of the leg; acts as a mast. It has no structural purpose except as an origin and insertion for muscles, but without origin and insertion points for muscles the person has no ankle stability; a person born with no fibula usually has a transtibial amputation at infancy.FOOT ORTHOSIS (FO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders of the foot distal to the ankle joint.
GENU: Pertaining to the knee; neutral. Genu Varum: The knee is in Varus (bow leg); Genu Valgum: The knee is in Valgus (bent inward—knock knees). HALLUX: Great Toe (First Toe, Big Toe).
Slide130ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (3)HIP-KNEE-ANKLE-FOOT ORTHOSIS (HKAFO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders of the hip, knee, ankle, and foot.HUMERUS: Most proximal arm bone; bone involved in “AE” or transhumeral (TH) amputation.
ILIAC CREST: Superior border of the ilium; landmark for determining pelvic symmetry.ILIAC SPINE: Anterior and posterior termination of the iliac crest.ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY: Large bony protuberance on inferior portion of ischium; major load bearing area for transfemoral (TF) prostheses.
Slide131ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (4)KNEE-ANKLE-FOOT ORTHOSIS (KAFO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders of the knee, ankle, and foot.LAMINATE: To construct by placing layer upon layer; using the same or different materials in a sandwich construction that will yield optimal weight-to-strength ratio.
LIGAMENTS: Tough, slightly elastic fibrous bands that connects bones to form joints.LUMBAR: Pertaining to the part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis.LUMBOSACRAL ORTHOSIS (LSO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders involving the lumbosacral spine.
Slide132ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (5)METATARSAL BONES: The five bones in the foot between the tarsal bones and the phalanges.ORTHOSIS: Device applied externally on the human body, which is intended to provide support and/or control of disorders associated with neuromuscular and/or musculoskeletal dysfunctions.
ORTHOTICS: The practice and science of providing orthotic rehabilitation engineering services related to the assessment, design, and development of external assistive, supportive, and/or corrective anatomical devices, referred to as orthoses, for the purpose of restoring specific neuromuscular and/or musculoskeletal disorders of the human body.
Slide133ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (6)ORTHOTIST: An allied health practitioner specifically trained in providing orthotic services at the direction of, and in consultation with, a licensed practicing physician.PARTIAL FOOT PROSTHESIS (PFP): A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations of the foot and/or toes distal to the subtalar joint.
PARTIAL HAND PROSTHESIS (PHP): A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations of the hand and/or fingers distal to the wrist. PEDORTHICS: The practice and science of providing pedorthic rehabilitation engineering services related to the design, manufacture, modification, and fit of shoes and foot orthoses to alleviate foot problems caused by disease, congenital defect, overuse, or injury.
Slide134ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (7)PEDORTHIST: An allied health practitioner specifically trained in providing pedorthic services at the direction of, and in consultation with, a licensed practicing physician.PES: Pertaining to the foot. Pes Cavus: Clawfoot, extremely high arch. Pes Equinus: A deformity in which the foot is maintained in a position of plantar flexion so that on weightbearing, only the forefoot touches the floor. Pes Planus: Flatfoot; no arch in foot.
PHALANGEAL: Pertaining to the bones of the finger or toes.PLANTAR: Pertaining to the sole of the foot.POPLITEAL: Pertaining to the part of the leg behind the knee.
Slide135ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (8)PRE-FABRICATED ORTHOSIS: An orthosis which is pre-made in general anatomical sizes—for example, small, medium, and large; intended to control neuromuscular and/or musculoskeletal disorders.PROSTHESIS: Custom designed and/or fitted anatomical device applied externally to the human body for the purpose of restoring congenital and/or acquired neuromuscular and musculoskeletal dysfunctions of the human body associated with the complete or partial absence of a limb.
PROSTHETICS: The practice and science of providing prosthetic rehabilitation engineering services related to the assessment, design, and development of external assistive, supportive, and/or corrective anatomical devices, referred to as prostheses, for the purpose of restoring neuromuscular and musculoskeletal functions of the human body associated with the congenital and/or acquired absence of a limb.
Slide136ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (9)PROSTHETIST: An allied health practitioner specifically trained in providing prosthetic services at the direction of, and in consultation with, a licensed practicing physician.SKIVE: To thin out or taper an edge.
SYME'S PROSTHESIS: A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital ankle disarticulation amputation.TALUS: The second largest tarsal bone; supports the tibia.TARSAL: Pertains to the proximal segment of the foot.
Slide137ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (10)TENDONS: Extremely strong and flexible bands that connect muscle to bone.THORACIC / LUMBOSACRAL ORTHOSIS (TLSO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders involving the thoracic and lumbosacral spine.
TRANSFEMORAL (ABOVE KNEE) PROSTHESIS (TF/AK): A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations at or above the knee. Note: The TF abbreviation may also be presented as AK: Above Knee. The TF abbreviation is preferred.TRANSHUMERAL (ABOVE ELBOW) PROSTHESIS (TH/AE): A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations at or above the elbow. Note: The TH abbreviation may also be presented as AE: Above Elbow. The TH abbreviation is preferred.
Slide138ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (11)TRANSRADIAL (BELOW ELBOW) PROSTHESIS (TR/BE): A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations distal to the elbow. Note: The TR abbreviation may also be presented as BE: Below Elbow. The TR abbreviation is preferred.TRANSTIBIAL (BELOW KNEE) PROSTHESIS (TT/BK): A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations distal to the knee. Note: The TT abbreviation may also be presented as BK: Below Knee. The TT abbreviation is preferred.
TROCHANTER: Either of the two prominences at the neck of the femur; greater trochanter—lateral side of femur, easily palpated.
Slide139ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS, continued (12)VALGUS: Joint position in which the distal segment of the joint deviates away from midline; abnormally bent inward (knock kneed).VARUS: Joint position in which the distal segment of the joint deviates toward midline; abnormally bent outward (bow legged).
WRIST/HAND ORTHOSIS (WHO): An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders of the wrist, hand, and/or fingers below the elbow joint.
Slide140ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC TERMS SELF-ASSESSMENT OPTIONSYou have two options for self-assessment:
Visit Quizlet to test your knowledge of medical terminology orthotic and prosthetic terms or take the multiple-choice quiz that follows.QUIZLET: Click on the following link: Link to Quizlet Medical Terminology O&P Terms
. Once on the site, click on “Test Your Knowledge: Medical Terminology O&P Terms.” You will see a list of orthotic and prosthetic terms and their associated meanings. Give the list a quick review. Choose any or all of the “Study” tools and “Play” tools listed at the top of the page. Test your knowledge in multiple ways, including flashcards, formal tests, spelling, and timed games. Note: With the test option, you can re-format in multiple ways and take as many times as you like. When finished, return to this presentation for more medical terminology information.
QUIZ
: Use
the following
quiz to
test and apply your knowledge.
Read
the
word, phrase, and/or description
provided and
determine
its correct meaning. Proceed
to the next slide for the correct answer
. This self-assessment
consists of
15 questions
.
Slide141Review Question 1.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations distal to the knee:A. Transhumeral prosthesis.B. Transradial prosthesis.C. Transtibial prosthesis.D. Transfemoral prosthesis.
Slide142Answer Question 1.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations distal to the knee:The answer is “C”: Transtibial prosthesis.
Slide143Review Question 2.Standing erect with palms of the hands turned anterior (forward); serves as a reference starting position for describing motions and planes:A. Catalyst.B. Anatomical position.C. Epicondyle.D. Skive.
Slide144Answer Question 2.Standing erect with palms of the hands turned anterior (forward); serves as a reference starting position for describing motions and planes:The answer is “B”: Anatomical position.
Slide145Review Question 3.Abnormally bent inward (knock kneed):A. Valgus.B. Varus.C. Atrophy.D. Popliteal.
Slide146Answer Question 3.Abnormally bent inward (knock kneed):The answer is “A”: Valgus.
Slide147Review Question 4.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations distal to the elbow:A. Transtibial prosthesis.B. Transfemoral prosthesis.C. Transhumeral prosthesis.D. Transradial prosthesis.
Slide148Answer Question 4.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations distal to the elbow:The answer is “D”: Transradial prosthesis.
Slide149Review Question 5.Defect or failure of nutrition, manifested as a wasting away in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part:A. Acromion.B. Catalyst.C. Atrophy.D. Congenital.
Slide150Answer Question 5.Defect or failure of nutrition, manifested as a wasting away in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part:The answer is “C”: Atrophy.
Slide151Review Question 6.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations at or above the elbow:A. Transfemoral prosthesis.B. Transradial prosthesis.C. Transhumeral prosthesis.D. Transtibial prosthesis.
Slide152Answer Question 6.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations at or above the elbow:The answer is “C”: Transhumeral prosthesis.
Slide153Review Question 7.An eminence (medial and lateral) of the humerus at its distal end.A. Valgus.B. Epicondyle.C. Varus.D. Hallux.
Slide154Answer Question 7.An eminence (medial and lateral) of the humerus at its distal end.The answer is “B”: Epicondyle.
Slide155Review Question 8.Abnormally bent outward (bow legged):A. Trochanter.B. Talus.C. Valgus.D. Varus.
Slide156Answer Question 8.Abnormally bent outward (bow legged):The answer is “D”: Varus.
Slide157Review Question 9.An allied health practitioner specifically trained in providing prosthetic services at the direction of, and in consultation with, a licensed practicing physician:A. Orthotist.B. Prosthetist.C. Pedorthist.D. Fitter.
Slide158Answer Question 9.An allied health practitioner specifically trained in providing prosthetic services at the direction of, and in consultation with, a licensed practicing physician:The answer is “B”: Prosthetist.
Slide159Review Question 10.Tough, slightly elastic fibrous bands that connect bones to form joints.A. Plantar.B. Tendons.C. Ligaments.D. Phalangeal.
Slide160Answer Question 10.Tough, slightly elastic fibrous bands that connect bones to form joints.The answer is “C”: Ligaments.
Slide161Review Question 11.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations at or above the knee:A. Transhumeral prosthesis.B. Transfemoral prosthesis.C. Transtibial prosthesis.D. Transradial prosthesis.
Slide162Answer Question 11.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital amputations at or above the knee:The answer is “B”: Transfemoral prosthesis.
Slide163Review Question 12.The five bones in the foot between the tarsal bones and the phalanges:A. Talus.B. Metatarsal. C. Tendons.D. Hallux.
Slide164Answer Question 12.The five bones in the foot between the tarsal bones and the phalanges:The answer is “B”: Metatarsal.
Slide165Review Question 13.An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders of the foot distal to the ankle joint:A. Lumbosacral orthosis.B. Cervical orthosis.C. Thoracic/lumbosacral orthosis.D. Foot orthosis.
Slide166Answer Question 13.An orthosis utilized for the treatment of disorders of the foot distal to the ankle joint:The answer is “D”: Foot orthosis.
Slide167Review Question 14.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital ankle disarticulation amputation:A. Syme’s prosthesis.B. Transhumeral prosthesis.C. Transfemoral prosthesis.D. Transradial prosthesis.
Slide168Answer Question 14.A prosthesis utilized for acquired or congenital ankle disarticulation amputation:The answer is “A”: Syme’s prosthesis.
Slide169Review Question 15.To thin out or taper an edge:Laminate.Acromion.Atrophy.Skive.
Slide170Answer Question 15.To thin out or taper an edge:The answer is “D”: Skive.This concludes the Orthotic and Prosthetic Terms Self-Assessment.
Slide171MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY REVIEW / SELF-ASSESSMENTUse the following Review Section to test and apply your knowledge. The self-assessment included in this section features multiple-choice questions that cover subject matter from the entire presentation.Read the word, phrase, and/or description provided and determine its correct meaning. Proceed to the next slide for the correct answer. This self-assessment consists of
17 questions.
Slide172Review Question1Which of the following suffixes means “incision into”?A. Ectomy.B. Plasty.C.
Stomy.D. Otomy.
Slide173Answer Question1Which of the following suffixes means “incision into”?The answer is “D”: Otomy.
Slide174Review Question2Which of the following prefixes means “outside” or “outer”?A. Ana.B. Exo.C.
Dia.D. Epi.
Slide175Answer Question2Which of the following prefixes means “outside” or “outer”?The answer is “B”: Exo.
Slide176Review Question3Which of the following terms describes the motion of bending the elbow to reduce the joint angle?A. Abduction.B. Eversion.C.
Flexion.D. Pronation.
Slide177Answer Question3Which of the following terms describes the motion of bending the elbow to reduce the joint angle?The answer is “C”: Flexion.
Slide178Review Question4If the foot is abducted, it is moved in which direction?A. Away from midline.B. Toward midline.C. Upward.
D. Downward.
Slide179Answer Question4If the foot is abducted, it is moved in which direction?The answer is “A”: Away from midline.
Slide180Review Question5What surgical procedure involves the reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility?A. Arthroscopy.B. Arthroplasty.C.
Arthrocentesis.D. Sequestrectomy.
Slide181Answer Question5What surgical procedure involves the reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility?The answer is “B”: Arthroplasty.
Slide182Review Question6A lumbosacral orthosis (LSO) is designed to control the (blank).A. Spine.B. Forearm.C.
Leg.D. Head.
Slide183Answer Question6A lumbosacral orthosis (LSO) is designed to control the (blank).The answer is “A”: Spine.
Slide184Review Question7Which one of the following prefixes means “without”?A. A and AN.B. EX and EXO.C.
DIS.D. IM and IN.
Slide185Answer Question7Which one of the following prefixes means “without”?The answer is “A”: A and AN.
Slide186Review Question8A device designed to manage amputation proximal to the knee is a (blank) prosthesis.A. Transtibial.B. Transradial.C.
Transhumeral.D. Transfemoral.
Slide187Answer Question8A device designed to manage amputation proximal to the knee is a (blank) prosthesis.The answer is “D”: Transfemoral.
Slide188Review Question9Paralysis of all four limbs is (blank).A. Hemiplegia.B. Cardioplegia.C.
Quadriplegia.D. Monoplegia.
Slide189Answer Question9Paralysis of all four limbs is (blank).The answer is “C”: Quadriplegia.
Slide190Review Question10Shortening or tightening of a muscle is called (blank).A. Arthroplasty.B. Articulate.C.
Contraction.D. Synovial fluid.
Slide191Answer Question10Shortening or tightening of a muscle is called (blank).The answer is “C”: Contraction.
Slide192Review Question11Inflammation of the brain is (blank).A. Bursitis.B. Encephalitis.C.
Arthritis.D. Gastritis.
Slide193Answer Question11Inflammation of the brain is (blank).The answer is “B”: Encephalitis.
Slide194Review Question12Joints are formed when two or more bones meet. This is also referred to as (blank).A. An articulation.B. A
bursa.C. A myoneural junction.D. Synovial joints.
Slide195Answer Question12Joints are formed when two or more bones meet. This is also referred to as (blank).The answer is “A”: An articulation.
Slide196Review Question13Which one of the following suffixes means “inflammation”?A. Pathy.B. Therapy.C.
Itis.D. Ectomy.
Slide197Answer Question13Which one of the following suffixes means “inflammation”?The answer is “C”: Itis.
Slide198Review Question14The term for painful, aching muscles is (blank).A. Neuralgia.B. Myalgia.C.
Analgesia.D. Arthralgia.
Slide199Answer Question14The term for painful, aching muscles is (blank).The answer is “B”: Myalgia.
Slide200Review Question15A bone marrow tumor is called (blank).A. Osteitis.B. Osteoma.C.
Myoma.D. Myeloma.
Slide201Answer Question15A bone marrow tumor is called (blank).The answer is “D”: Myeloma.
Slide202Review Question16Soft, rubbery bones typically due to a deficiency of Vitamin D or calcium are called (blank).A. Osteoporosis.B. Osteitis.C.
Osteomyelitis.D. Osteomalacia.
Slide203Answer Question16Soft, rubbery bones typically due to a deficiency of Vitamin D or calcium are called (blank).The answer is “D”: Osteomalacia.
Slide204Review Question17Myasthenia gravis involves (blank).A. Inflammation of muscles.B. Degeneration of muscles.C. Muscular
weakness.D. Inflammation of joints.
Slide205Answer Question17Myasthenia gravis involves (blank).The answer is “C”: Muscular weakness. This concludes the
Medial Terminology Review Self-Assessment.
Slide206ADDITIONAL LEARNING RESOURCESSnappy Words and VISUWORDS:• Online Interactive English Dictionary and Thesaurus;• Uses a color-coding system to show the meanings of
words;• Draws connections to associated words;• Link to Snappy Words;• Link to VISUWORDS: Link to VISUWORDS.
SHAHI:
• Visual
Dictionary;
• Combines Wiktionary content with
images;
•
Link to SHAHI
HOPE Careers Consortium does not endorse the interactive and visual dictionary learning sites as to accuracy nor can it ensure the links will always be active.
They
are provided as optional learning resources only.
Slide207MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Understanding Medical Terminology Related to the Musculoskeletal SystemThis workforce product was funded by a grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The product was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The U.S. Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. Produced 2016.
Although the authoring institution of this educational resource has made every effort to ensure that the information presented is correct, the institution assumes no liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions.
This
work by Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, click on the following link: Creative Common Licenses 4.0.