Chapter 1 Word Parts Are the Key Understanding word parts and how they work together to form medical terms will reinforce your wordbuilding skills Most word parts in medical terminology are of Latin origin ID: 509863
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Slide1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Medical Terminology
Ehrlich/Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 8th Edition. © 2018 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.Slide2
Word Parts Are the Key
Understanding word parts and how they work together to form medical terms will reinforce your word-building skills
Most word parts in medical terminology are of Latin originOthers are of Greek origin, or other languagesSlide3
Four Types of Word Parts
Word root
(Example, gastr: stomach)Combining form(Example, gastr/o)Suffix(Example, -itis)
Prefix
(Example, hyper-)Slide4
Word PartsSlide5
Word Roots
Cannot stand alone
Basic meaning of the wordUsually describe the part of the body that is involvedSuffixes are placed at the end of the word rootPrefixes are placed at the beginning of the word rootSlide6
Combining Forms
Include a vowel, usually an "o," added to the end of a word root
Aids in pronunciationIn combining two word roots, a combining form is added to the first word rootCombining form is used at the end of the second word root if the suffix begins with a vowelSlide7
Word Roots/Combining FormsSlide8
Suffixes
(1 of 4)
Added at the end of a word to complete the termMay indicate a procedure, condition, disorder, or diseaseSlide9
Suffixes
(2 of 4)
A combining vowel is used when suffix begins with a consonantExample, neuroplastyWhen joining neur/o (nerve) with suffix -plasty (surgical repair), combining vowel "o" is used because suffix begins with a consonantSlide10
Suffixes
(3 of 4)
A combining vowel is not used when suffix begins with a vowelExample, tonsillitisWhen joining tonsill (tonsils) with suffix -itis (inflammation), combining vowel "o" is
not
used because suffix begins with a vowelSlide11
Suffixes
(4 of 4)Slide12
Suffixes as Noun Endings
Suffix may change a word root into a noun
Noun: person, place, or thingExample, craniumcrani: skull-um: noun endingSlide13
Suffixes that Mean "Pertaining To"
Suffixes may change the meaning of word root into an adjective
Adjective: defines or describesExample, cardiaccardi: heart-ac: pertaining toSlide14
Suffixes that Mean "Abnormal Condition or Disease"
Suffixes may be used to change the meaning of a wood root to describe an abnormal condition
Example, gastrosisgastr: stomach-osis: abnormal condition or diseaseSlide15
Suffixes Related to Pathology
Suffixes may be used to describe a disease
Pathology: study of all aspects of diseaseExamples:-algia: pain and suffering-itis: inflammation-megaly: enlargementSlide16
Suffixes Related to Procedures
Suffix may be used to describe a procedure
Examples:-centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid-graphy: producing a picture or record-scopy: visual examinationSlide17
The "Double R" Suffixes
(1 of 5)
Suffixes that begin with two of the letter "r"Greek originStudy them and learn the differencesSlide18
The "Double R" Suffixes
(2 of 5)
-rrhage and -rrhagia: bleedingMostly used to describe sudden, severe bleedingExample,Hemorrhage: the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
(hem/o: blood; -rrhage: abnormal excessive fluid discharge)Slide19
The "Double R" Suffixes
(3 of 5)
-rrhaphy: surgical suturingExample:Myorrhaphy: the surgical suturing of a muscle wound(my/o: muscle; -rrhaphy: surgical suturing)Slide20
The "Double R" Suffixes
(4 of 5)
-rrhea: flow or discharge of body fluidsExample:Diarrhea: the frequent flow of loose or watery stools(dia-: through; -rrhea: flow or discharge)Slide21
The "Double R" Suffixes
(5 of 5)
-rrhexis: ruptureExample,myorrhexis: the rupture of a musclemy/o: muscle; -rrhexis: ruptureSlide22
Prefixes
(1 of 2)
Added at the beginning of a wordUsually indicates location, time, or numberExamples,Prenatal: before birth(pre-: before; nat: birth; -al: pertaining to)Slide23
Prefixes
(2 of 2)Slide24
Contrasting and Confusing Prefixes
May have similar spellings, but different meanings
Examples,ab-: away fromad-: towardinter-: between or amongintra-: within or insideSlide25
Determining Meanings on the Basis of the Word Parts
Knowing the meaning of the word parts often makes it possible to figure out the definition of an unfamiliar medical term.Slide26
Taking Terms Apart
(1 of 4)
First, separate into word partsStart from the suffix and move toward the beginning, identifying the meaning of each partDetermine the context in which the term is used; some word parts may have more than one meaningSlide27
Taking Terms Apart
(2 of 4)
Refer to medical dictionary or trusted online source to double-check your definitionBe aware, not all terms are made up of word partsSlide28
Taking Terms Apart
(3 of 4)
Example,OtorhinolaryngologySuffix -ology: the study ofWord root
laryng
: larynx or throat
Combining vowel is
not used
here because word root is joining a suffix that begins with a vowel
Combining form
rhin/o
: nose
Combining vowel
is used
here because word root
rhin
is joining another word rootSlide29
Taking Terms Apart
(4 of 4)Slide30
Guessing at Meanings
Attempt to decide the meaning of the word
Always double-check for accuracy because some terms have more than one meaningSlide31
Medical Dictionary Use
Assists with mastering correct use of medical terms
Guidelines:Review user guide, table of contents, and appendicesCheck the medical term alphabeticallyCheck each letter, since similar spellings may have different meanings
Check all the definitions listedSlide32
Searching for Definitions on the Internet
Only use reliable Web sites
Refer to at least two Web sitesBe aware of search termsDouble-check spelling and meaning of the term for which you are searchingSlide33
Pronunciation
Commonly accepted pronunciation appears in parenthesis next to the term
Pronounce a new word by saying it as it is spelled in the parentheses.Primary emphasis shown in uppercase boldface letters (eh-DEE-mah)
Secondary emphasis shown in boldface lowercase letters (ah-
pen
-dih-
SIGH
-tis)Slide34
Spelling is Always Important
Changing just one or two letters may completely change the meaning of a word
Many medical terms are known as "look-alike, sound-alike"Slide35
Singular and Plural Endings
Unusual rules apply since many medical terms are of Latin or Greek origin
English endings have been adopted for some commonly used termsSlide36
Basic Medical Terms to Describe Diseases
Further study may be required in learning medical terms that describe diseases and disease conditionsSlide37
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts
(1 of 4)
Many medical terms may look and sound similar but their meanings are differentStudy these terms carefullySlide38
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts
(2 of 4)
Example,arteri/o, ather/o, arthr/oarteri/o: arteryather/o: plaque or fatty substance
arthr/o: jointSlide39
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts
(3 of 4)
Example,-ectomy, -ostomy, -otomy-ectomy: surgical removal-ostomy: surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface
-otomy: cutting or a surgical incisionSlide40
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts
(4 of 4)
Example,ileum and iliumileum (ILL
-ee-um): the last and longest portion of the small intestine.
Memory aid:
ileum
is spelled with an "
e
" as in
int
e
stine
.
ilium
(
ILL
-ee-um): part of the hip bone.
Memory aid: ilium
is spelled with an "
i
" as in
h
i
p
.Slide41
Using Abbreviations
Used frequently to record long and complex medical terms
May lead to confusion and errorsBe familiar with the "Do Not Use" abbreviations of your facilityUse only accepted abbreviationsWhen in doubt, spell it out