Word Elements pg 3 Medical words consist of some or all of the following Word root Combining form Suffix Prefix Combination of these elements lead to the meaning of the word Word Root ID: 775451
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Slide1
Chapter 1: Introduction
DC Medical Terminology
Slide2Word Elements (pg 3)
Medical words consist of some or all of the following:
Word root
Combining form
Suffix
Prefix
Combination of these elements lead to the meaning of the word.
Slide3Word Root (pg 4)
Word root is the main part or foundation of the word.
What is the root in the following words?
Teacher, teaches, teaching
Root words can be single terms or parts of words.
Example: sperm vs spermicide
In medical terms the root is usually an anatomical structure.
Example:
cardi
/ac, cardiogram
Usually Greek or Latin base
Slide4Combining Forms (pg 5)
Combining forms are when root word combines with a vowel, usually an o, enabling two words elements to be linked.
What is the combining form with: thermometer,
gastroscope
Can connect two words:
Combine these words:
Chem
& therapy
Dermat
& logy
Leuk
&
cyte
Makes words easier to
prounounce
Suffixes (pg 7)
Suffix is located at the end of a word.
Substitution of suffix changes the meaning of a word.
In medical terminology usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech.
Example: -
er
, meaning one who
-it is meaning inflammation
What is the difference between: dentist vs. dental
Slide6Three Rules of Word Building
1. A word root links a suffix that beings with a vowel
2. A combining form (
root+o
) links a suffix that begins with a constant
3. A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. (Even if next root begins with a vowel.)
Slide7Practice – Rule 1
Word RootSuffixNew WordLeuk-emiaGastr-it isAppend-ectomy
1. A word root links a suffix that beings with a vowel
Slide8Practice – Rule 1
Word
Root
Suffix
New Word
Leuk
-
emia
Leukemia
Gastr
-it is
Gastritis
Append
-
ectomy
appendectomy
Slide9Practice – Rule 2
Word RootSuffixMedical TermGastr-scopeMen-rrheaAngi-rrhexis
2. A combining form (
root+o
) links a suffix that begins with a constant
Slide10Practice – Rule 2
Word Root
Suffix
Medical Term
Gastr
-scope
Gasteroscope
Men
-
rrhea
Menorrhea
Angi
-
rrhexis
angiorrhexis
Slide11Practice – Rule 3
Word RootWord RootSuffixMedical TermOsteChondr-itisOsteChondr-omaOsteArthro-itis
3. A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. (Even if next root begins with a vowel.)
Slide12Practice – Rule 3
Word RootWord RootSuffixMedical TermOsteChondr-itisosteochondritisOsteChondr-omaosteochondromaOsteArthro-itisosteoarthritis
Would you use a word root or a combining form as a link to the suffixes –
algia
, -edema, -
uria
?
Slide13Prefixes
Prefix is a word element located at the beginning of a word.
Substitution of a prefix changes the meaning of a word.
Prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, or negation.
Example: macro +
cyte
, micro +
cyte
Break down this word:
Postnatal
Post/
nat
/al
After/birth/pertaining to
Slide14Defining Medical Terms (pg 14)
Rules:
1. Define the suffix first
2. Define the beginning of the word
3. Define the middle of the word
Example:
Oste
/o/
arthr
/it is
It is=inflammation
Oste
=bone
Arthr
=joint
Term means, inflammation of the bone and joint
Slide15Pronunciation Guidelines
Use your CD to learn proper pronunciation of terms
Slide16Surgical Suffixes
Suffix
Definition
-
centesis
Surgical puncture
-
clast
To break
-
desis
Binding,
fixation (of a bone or joint)
-
ectomy
Excision, removal
-lysis
Separation;
destruction; loosening
-
pexy
Fixation (of an organ)
-
plasty
Surgical repair
-
rrhapy
Suture
-
stomy
Forming an opening (mouth)
-tome
Instrument to cut
-
tomy
Incision
-
tripsy
Crushing
Slide17Diagnostic Suffixes
Suffix
Definition
-gram
Record, writing
-graph
Instrument for recording
-
graphy
Process of
recording
-meter
Instrument for measuring
-
metry
Act of measuring
-scope
Instrument for examining
-
scopy
Visual
examination
Slide18Pathological Suffixes
Pathological
Suffixes
Definition
-
algia
, -
dynia
Pain
-
cele
Hernia, swelling
-
ectasis
Dilation, expansion
-edema
Swelling
-emesis
Vomiting
-
emia
Blood condition
-
iasis
Abnormal condition
-it is
Inflammation
-
lith
Stone, calculus
-
malacia
Softening
-
megaly
Enlargement
-
oma
Tumor
-
osis
Abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
Slide19Pathological Suffixes cont…
-
pathy
Disease
-
penia
Decrease, deficiency
-phobia
Fear
-
plegia
Paralysis
-
rrhage
, -
rrhagia
Bursting (of)
-
rrhea
Discharge, flow
-
rrhexis
Rupture
-stenosis
Narrowing stricture
-
toxis
Poison
-trophy
Nourishment,
development
Slide20Plural Suffixes
When you change a single word into plural you change the suffix.
Complete Page 22, Section Review 1-2 by Tuesday
Slide21Common Prefixes
Prefix
Meaning
A-, an-
Without, not
Circum
-,
peri
-
Around
Dia
-, trans-
Through,
across
Dipl
-, diplo-
Double
Endo-, intra-
In, within
Homo-,
homeo
-
Same
Hypo-
Under, below, deficient
Macro-
Large
Micro-
Small
mono-,
uni
-
One
Post-
After, behind
Pre-,
pro-
Before, in front of
Primi
-
First
Retro-
Backward, behind
Super-
Upper, above