Eliseo VilaltaPerdomo University of Lincoln UK John Corliss PEER Consultants PC 62 nd Annual IIE Conference and Expo Orlando FL May 1923 2012 Outline Aim of this presentation Sustainability ID: 171982
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Slide1
Hot Topics for Sustainability in the IE Research Agenda
Eliseo Vilalta-PerdomoUniversity of Lincoln, UKJohn CorlissPEER Consultants, PC
62
nd
Annual IIE Conference and Expo
Orlando, FL, May 19-23, 2012Slide2
Outline
Aim of this presentationSustainabilityThe genealogy
Dimensions
Complementary or In Conflict
Languages
Potential contributions’
matrix
Industrial Engineering
Current position
Current
sources of improvement
Potential
unique
c
ontributions
of IE
professionals
Sustainability Division, IIE
Potential contribution
Future stepsSlide3
Aims of this presentationto identify
which part of the IE body of knowledge can contribute most effectively to sustainable development, and an initial exploration to recognize some “hot topics” that constitute the future of IE research and professional agendasSlide4
Sustainability
Genealogy
Malthus, 1798,
“It has been said that the great question is now at issue, whether man shall henceforth
start forwards with accelerated velocity towards illimitable, and hitherto
unconceived
improvement
, or be condemned to a
perpetual oscillation between happiness and misery
, and after every effort remain still at an immeasurable distance from the wished-for goal”.
Brundtland Report (March, 1987)
“to propose long-term environmental strategies for achieving sustainable development by the year 2000 and beyond”
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, June 1992
“a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area in which human impacts on the environment”
Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, May-June 1994
“sustainable development programmes must seek to enhance the quality of life of peoples, including their health, well-being and safety”.
Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21, June 1997
Included economic, social and environmental objectives in the sustainable development agenda
UN Millennium Declaration, 2000
Key objectives in relation to peace, security and disarmament; development and poverty eradication; protecting our common environment; human rights, democracy and good governance; protecting the vulnerable; meeting the special needs of Africa, and strengthening the United Nations
Millennium Development Goals 2005
Different strategies and actions to end poverty and hunger; universal education; gender quality; child health; maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS; environmental sustainability, and global partnership
Club of Rome, 1968
The Limits to Growth
. First environmental best-seller
IE Research & Professional agendas on sustainability, 2012
What is (ought to be) the Engineering Research Agenda to Support Sustainable Improvement?
What are (ought to be) the contributions from the Industrial Engineering discipline?Slide5
PEOPLE
PLANET
PROFIT
Sustainability
Dimensions
Bearable
Viable
Equitable
Sustainable
(Elkington, 2004)
Bearable
: affordable development that increases quality of life
Equitable
: provides similar opportunities to everybody
Viable
: runs its activities in the long-term Slide6
PEOPLE
PLANET
PROFIT
Sustainability
Complementary
or In Conflict
Resource Conflict
Development Conflict
Property ConflictSlide7
Quality of Life
(bearable)
Globalization
(equitable)
Impact
(viable)
Sustainability
Languages
Language of
global warming?
Language of
decision-making
Language of
consensus
Capital
:
Local vs. global
Standardization
Lost cost
Knowledge
Internal vs. external
Acquisition, codification, recovery & use
Efficiency & effectiveness
Lean vs. agile
Low-cost
ENVIRONMENT
(Planet)
ECONOMY
(Profit)
SOCIETY
(people)
Trade-offs
Shared value
ScienceSlide8
SOCIAL SCIENCES
TECHNICAL SCIENCES
ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Industrial Engineering
Dimensions
Ergonomics
Quality
Management
Industrial
Engineering
Quality
: process that does well what it is designed to do
Management
:
process of dealing with or control-ling things or people
Ergonomics
:
design to optimize human well-being & overall system performanceSlide9
Society
Economy
Environment
People
Coordination (language)
Profit
Equitable
Decision-making (language)
Planet
Bearable
Viable
Natural laws (language)
Effectiveness
Sustainability
Potential contributions’ matrix
Environmental perspective
IE perspective?
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Sustainability
EfficiencySlide10
Industrial engineering
Current positionIE professionals have a ‘multidisciplinary’ agenda, as they study
the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment, and energy (IIE definition)
.
Active
presence of its professionals in the sustainability facets:
Economic evaluations
Environmental aspects have also been included and coded -e.g. ISO 14000.
Social concerns are considered in current engineering research agenda, -e.g. participatory design. Slide11
Industrial engineering
Current sources for improvementEFFECTIVENESS. “A dimension of organizational performance involving the ability to choose and achieve appropriate goals”.
EFFICIENCY. “A dimension of organizational performance involving the ability to make the best use of available resources in the process of achieving goals”.
SUSTAINABILITY.
To be developedSlide12
What is sustainability?
A look at IIE transactionsUnder the query of “sustainability” we find…
T.C
.
Woo (1997)
Review
of: “Re-engineering
for Sustainable Industrial Production
”, L.M
.
Camarinha
-Matos (ed.) Chapman & Hall.John Jackman (1997) Review of: “
Modeling Techniques for Business Process Re-engineering and Benchmarking”, Guy Doumeingts and Jim Browne (
eds) Chapman & Hall.
Kenneth N. McKay & Thomas E. Morton (1997) Review of: “Critical Chain
”, Eliyahu M. Goldratt The North River Press Publishing Corporation, Great Barrington, MA, 1997
.Ki-
Joo Kim & Urmila M. Diwekar (2002) ‘Hammersley
stochastic annealing: efficiency improvement for combinatorial optimization under uncertainty’, IIE Transactions,34(9), pp. 761-777
Irad Ben-Gal, Roni Katz & Yossi Bukchin (2008)
‘Robust eco-design: A new application for air quality engineering’, IIE Transactions
, 40(10), pp. 907-918Alan G. Hawkes, Lirong
Cui & Zhihua Zheng
(2011) ‘Modeling the evolution of system reliability performance under alternative environments’,
IIE Transactions, 43(11), pp. 761-772Slide13
What is sustainability?
A look at IIE transactionsKi-
Joo
Kim &
Urmila
M.
Diwekar
(2002) ‘
Hammersley
stochastic annealing: efficiency improvement for combinatorial optimization under uncertainty’,
IIE Transactions,
34(9), pp. 761-777This paper presents hierarchical improvements to combinatorial stochastic annealing algorithms using a new and efficient sampling technique. The Hammersley Sequence Sampling (HSS) technique is used for updating discrete combinations, reducing the Markov chain length, determining the number of samples automatically, and embedding better confidence intervals of the samples. The improved algorithm, Hammersley stochastic annealing, can significantly improve computational efficiency over traditional stochastic programming methods. This new method can be a useful tool for large-scale combinatorial stochastic programming problems. A real-world case study involving solvent selection under uncertainty illustrates the usefulness of this new algorithm.Slide14
What is sustainability?
A look at IIE transactionsIrad
Ben-Gal,
Roni
Katz & Yossi
Bukchin
(2008)
‘Robust
eco-design: A new application for air quality
engineering’,
IIE Transactions, 40(10), pp. 907-918The method of robust design has long been used for the design of systems that are insensitive to noises. In this paper it is demonstrated how this approach can be used to obtain a robust eco-design (ecological design). In a case study, robust design principles are applied to the design of a factory smokestack, using the Gaussian Plume Model (GPM). The GPM is a well-known model for describing pollutant dispersal from a point source, subject to various atmospheric conditions. In this research, the mean-square-error (MSE) of the accumulated and the maximum pollution values around a given target are defined as the performance measures and used to adjust the design parameters. Both analytical and numerical approaches are used to evaluate the MSE measures over the design space. It is demonstrated how to use the non-linearity in the GPM to reach a low MSE value that produces a cheaper design configuration.
The differences between the manufacturer viewpoint and the environmentalist viewpoint with respect to the considered eco-design problem are discussed and
analyzed.Slide15
What is sustainability?
A look at IIE transactionsAlan G. Hawkes,
Lirong
Cui &
Zhihua
Zheng
(2011) ‘
Modeling
the evolution of system reliability performance under alternative environments’,
IIE Transactions
, 43(11), pp. 761-772The dynamics of a system represented by a finite-state Markov process operating under two alternating regimes, for example, day/night, machine working/machine idling, etc., are modeled in this article. The transition rate matrices under the two regimes will usually be different. Also, the set of states of the system that are regarded as satisfactory may depend on the regime in operation: for example, a particular state of the system that may be regarded as satisfactory by day might not be tolerated at night (e.g., the headlights on a car not working). It is assumed that the regime durations are random variables and results are obtained for the availability of such a system and probability distributions for uptimes. Results and numerical examples are also given for two special cases: (
i) when the regimes are of fixed duration; and (ii) when the regime durations have negative exponential distributions.Slide16
What is sustainability?
A look at IIE transactionsAs the flagship journal of the Institute of Industrial Engineers, IIE Transactions publishes original high-quality papers on a wide range of topics of interest to industrial engineers who want to remain current with the state-of-the-art technologies. The refereed journal aims to foster the engineering community by publishing papers with a
strong methodological focus motivated by real problems that impact engineering practice and research
. Published monthly, the journal is composed of four focus issues:
Design and Manufacturing, Operations Engineering and Analysis, Quality and Reliability Engineering, and Scheduling and Logistics.
IIE Transactions
encourages research motivated by critical and complex engineering problems that arise in a wide variety of domains including
service, public policy, health care, security, biotechnology, transportation, and others
. The journal publishes papers that integrate industrial engineering with other disciplines including statistics, other engineering disciplines, computer science, biological science, and operations research. Articles covering new methodologies and state-of-the-art surveys are included in the journal. Slide17
What is sustainability?
At 2011 IIE Conference-ISERC
Dimension
Topic
Papers
Contribution
Topic
Dimension
Economic
Sustainability in Supply Chains
6
18%
56%
Sustainability through Systems
5
15%
Modelling a Sustainable Solution
3
9%
Economics of Sustainability
3
9%
Life Cycle Assessment
2
6%
Environmental
Emergy - Basic Metric of Sustainability Evaluation
3
9%
18%
Environmental Sustainability
3
9%
Social
Community operational research
9
26%
26%
34
100%Slide18
What is sustainability?
IE professional & researchersIs it then the economy/environment relation what are we looking at?Where is the social dimension?Unique integrated systems perspective?Slide19
What is sustainability?IE professional & researchers
Potential role of the Sustainability Division: To become a source for better-informed sustainable decisions:
Should we buy roses from Holland or Kenya?
Kenya
:
2,200kg
CO
2
emissions
53,000
megajoules
(15% fossil)
4,237
estimated food
miles
Holland: 35,000kg CO2 emissions
550,000 megajoules (>99% fossil)221 estimated food
milesNote: According to Williams (2007) for 12,000 roses
$100 million USD annually injected ondeprived Kenyan communities
Is this the right question?Slide20
Potential unique c
ontributions of IE professionalsPolicy makers and others are more comfortable in their silos Industrial Engineers are trained to take a systems view and deal with compound complex systemsSlide21
Potential unique c
ontributions of IE professionalsMost Engineers are uncomfortable at the top of the food chainIndustrial Engineers are Visionary
Icon Consultants
Industry Peers
Accounting Firms
Industry Practitioners
Industry Associates
Regulating Organizations
Architects
Engineering Firms
Vision,
Mission, Policies
and Strategies
Goals, Priorities, Measures
Operational Procedures and Objectives
Projects to Achieve Objectives
Implement
(Bill Wallace, 2010)Slide22
Sustainability divisionPotential contribution
Some potential tasks for the Sustainability Division:Define the concept of SUSTAINABILITY in the IE context -- What is IIE’s definition of sustainabilityIdentify Hot Topics:
IE Tools which, with or without modification, are applicable to Sustainability
Fields where IE research and practice can excel Slide23
Sustainability divisionFuture steps
To test different proposition with the rest of our colleaguesWebsite-based survey?To participate in the Sustainability Division (SD)To identify the role and purpose of the SDTo be an active contributor in SDSlide24
Thank your for your attention
Questions?Comments?