Cultural Diversity Law Enforcement I - PowerPoint Presentation

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Cultural Diversity

Law Enforcement I

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Cultural Diversity

Cultural Diversity – differences in age, ethnic heritage, gender, physical abilities/qualities, and sexual orientation3

Primary Dimensions – cannot be changedAge

GenderPhysical abilities/qualities

RaceSexual orientationSecondary

Dimensions – can be

alteredEducational backgroundGeographic locationIncomeMarital statusParental statusReligious beliefsWork experience4

Dimensions of Culture

Theories of Prejudice

Cultural Transmission TheoryStereotypes and social distanceChildren are taught stereotypes

Social distance: the desired distance that a group sets on contact with other groups. Social distance begins when certain traits are identified as “good” or “bad” and then are linked with stereotypes or particular groups5

Theories of

Prejudice (continued)

Personality TheoryFrustration and aggressionAsserts that social frustration caused by struggles for power within society causes aggression by members of one social group against members of another groupCognitive dissonance: thoughts (social/moral) that sharply conflict with each other

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Theories of

Prejudice (continued)

Group Identification TheoryEthnocentrism causes people to gather in groups that view outside groups as different and inferiorStrong communities through familial and social ties based on intimacyEthnocentrism causes prejudice

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Theories of

Discrimination

How can discrimination cause prejudice? Children learn to discriminate before they learn to be prejudicedPreexisting discrimination can create a “vicious circle” of discriminationSituational Pressure Theory

People’s

actions under pressure in particular situations do not always match their professed beliefs and attitudesThe gap between belief and action is called creed/deed discrepancy8

Theories of

Discrimination (continued)

Group Gains TheoryDominant social groups discriminate against subordinate groups because the individual members of the dominant groups enjoy concrete gain as a resultInstitutional Structure TheoryA

steady decline in the living standards for racial and ethnic

minoritiesShame combined with prejudice results in discriminationSegregated schools and/or neighborhoods emergeBuilt into the structure of society9

Differentiate

Between

Culture and Subculture

Culture

: the sum total of the learned behavioral traits, values, beliefs, language, laws, and technology characteristics of the members of a particular societyCultural relativity: belief that no culture can be judged by the standards of another and that every culture must be approached on its own termsSubcultures: small groups of people within a society whose values differ from those of the majorityCounterculture: made of subcultures that sharply challenge and reject some of the norms and expectations of the dominant cultureContracultures: social groups that have developed values and models of behaviors that are in continual conflict with the prevailing culture10

Implicit Bias and

Law

Enforcement

Implicit

Biases: are unconscious biases that affect our decision-making; everyone has themAre shaped by personal history and cultural influencesGeneral research findings include: (Gove, 2003) Implicit biases are pervasivePeople are often unaware of their implicit biasesImplicit biases predict behaviorPeople have different levels of implicit biasWell-intentioned officers might act on their implicit biases, but this does not excuse unethical police behavior11

Equity in Law Enforcement

Police agencies shouldHire a diverse workforce and people who can police without biasUtilize community policing because it

Facilitates positive interactions between community members and the policeCan promote fair and impartial policingHave clear policies that inform officersHave supervisors who are trained in implicit biasAddress biased behavior in police officers or squads

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Equity in Law

Enforcement (continued)

Police officers should acknowledge scenarios with the highest risk of manifesting bias, such asTraffic stopsConsent searchesReasonable suspicion to friskResources

http

://trustandjustice.org/resources/intervention/implicit-bias http://cpe.psych.ucla.edu/ 13

Resources

North Texas Council of Governments (Cultural Sensitivity Course)

http://www.nctcog.org/Texas Commission on Law Enforcement Officer Standards and Education (TCLEOSE) http://www.tcleose.state.tx.us/Arlington Police Academy http://www.arlingtonpd.org/index.asp?nextpg=academy/default.htm0887441858, Nature of Communication Disorders in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations, O.L. Taylor, San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press, 1986PBS: Race the Power of an Illusion

http://www.pbs.org/race/001_WhatIsRace/001_00-home.htm

Gove, T. G. (2011, October). Implicit bias and law enforcement. The Police Chief, 78, 44-56.How can Ferguson law enforcement break a pattern of biashttp://video.pbs.org/video/2365437095/ Law Enforcement Response to Ferguson Protestshttp://video.pbs.org/video/2365332025/ Center for Policing Equity Pres. Phillip Atiba Goff, Ph.D.http://video.pbs.org/video/2365446025/The myth of race, debunked in 3 minutes video (available online via a web search)14