Land Based Empires part 1 Mughals Ottomans Russians Safavids Manchu Timeline Russia Political Rulers 12591502 The Golden HordeEstablished by Batu Khan Mongols ruled ID: 904784
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Slide1
Russia 1450-1750
Pre Modern EraLand Based Empires part 1(Mughals, Ottomans, Russians, Safavids, Manchu )
Slide2Slide3Timeline Russia Political Rulers
1259-1502 The Golden Horde-Established by Batu Khan
Mongols ruled Kiev Rus as a tributary state Tributary state-
Slide4Ivan the Great (Ivan the third) 1462-1505
Marries the Niece of the Last Byzantine emperorClaims Moscow as the third Rome Expands territory with wars supported by the Orthodox ChurchIncreases central government control (Uses title of Czar and Autocrat)
Gets rid of Mongol Rule
Slide5Russia- Religion
Orthodox Christian (44 percent today)Icons-usually, paintings on woodMonasteries
St Basil’s Basilica
Built by Ivan The Terrible to commemorate Capture of KazanBuilt 1555-1561
Slide6St Cyril and St Methodius
863-869
Greek Christian Missionaries to Russia from Byzantium Translate parts of Bilbe into Old Slavic-this becomes the Cyrillic alpahbet
Write your first and last name in Cyrillic according to sound
Slide7Ivan the Terrible(fearsome) (Ivan IV) 1530-1584
Patron of arts, Founder of Printing shop and enemy of Boyars
Impaled, beheaded and boiled his enemiesKilled his own son(!)Continuity alert! World wide!Problem for absolute rulers….How do you deal with Aristocrats (Boyers in Russia)? China- Emperors created a Bureaucracy England-land owners made the King Sign the Magna Carta
Russia- Kill em or make them move. Ivan establishes: oprichnina Power of Czars is strongest among empires in Europe until 1917
Slide8Peter the Great 1682-1725 “Enlightened Despot”
6’ 8’’Convinced that Westernizing would make Russia better so…..He goes undercover on a trip throughout Europe-touring embassies and sometimes working on ships in AmsterdamBuilds army, navy and new capital—”Window on the west” named….
St. Petersburg
Slide9Peter the Great …..
Military reform – A. He built the army by offering better pay B. D
rafted peasants for service as professional soldiers. C He also created a navy by importing western engineers and craftsmen to build ships and shipyards, D and other experts to teach naval tactics to recruits.
Slide10More changes that make things “westerny”
Building the infrastructure –Serfs build the roads
Nobles must go to schoolFirst newspaper. First science academyExpansion of territory - The navy was useless without warm water ports, and Peter gained Russian territory along the Baltic Sea by defeating the powerful Swedish military. He tried to capture access to the Black Sea, but he was soundly defeated by the Ottomans who controlled the area.
Reorganization of the bureaucracy Taxes The bureaucracy had been controlled by the boyars, but Peter replaced them with merit based employees by creating the Table of Ranks, eventually doing away with titles of nobility.
Slide11This all sounds good but….
Exploitation of the serfsForced culture-No traditional Russian dress, no beards(beard tax!), western school requiredKilled his own son when a plot was discovered that he might overthrow30,000 killed while building his city.
Slide12St Petersberg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAxf-05NTRY
Relocation of the capital - Peter moved his court from Moscow to a new location on the Baltic Sea, his "Window on the West" that he called St. Petersburg. The city was built from scratch out of a swampy area, where it had a great harbor for the navy. Its architecture was European, of course. The move was intended to symbolically and literally break the hold that old Russian religious and cultural traditions had on
Slide13Land Based Sea Based
Self-defense extremely important
Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Russian, ManchuRelatively largeExpensive Focused on agriculture
and not industryMany were located in arid & uninhabitable areaInvolved in forced labor
no longer in WE
Power was centralized
Collected taxes through tax farming system
Between 1500 and 1800 had the largest administrative and economic systems because they were more of a threat to each other
Few strategic concerns – defending empire could be costly
Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, French, British
Relatively small
Widely spread out territory from mother country
Self-sufficient -- mercantilism
Settled in in profitable areas
Involved in forced labor
Increasingly brutal
Power
“
divided
”
amongst lands
Benefited from private investors or joint-stock companies
Slide14Slide15Slide16Serfdom
Slide17Ottomans
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=22&v=YMpfdpHPNDE