Discovering Method amp Style Agenda The BPMN Basics The Concepts of Process Modeling The Extended BPMN Syntax 01 02 03 Definition of a Process Levels of Process Modeling Basic Building Blocks of the Notation ID: 1022299
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1. Getting a Grip on the BPMN SpecificationDiscovering Method & Style
2. AgendaThe BPMN BasicsThe Concepts of Process ModelingThe Extended BPMN Syntax010203Definition of a ProcessLevels of Process ModelingBasic Building Blocks of the NotationExercisesElaborated Building Blocks of the NotationExercises
3. The Concepts
4. What is a Business Process?A Trip Down Memory Lane”One man draws out the wire; another straights it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head; to make the head requires two or three distinct operations; to put it on is a peculiar business; to whiten the pins is another ... and the important business of making a pin is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which, in some manufactories, are all performed by distinct hands, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”Adam Smith (1776)A structured sequence of activities each separated in time or executed by a different actor (either human or service) to achieve a desired result.
5. Three Levels of Process ModelingBruce Silver – BPMN Method & StyleExecutableXML language underneath BPMNDescriptiveHigh Level Happy Flow Modeling with a focus on business flowsAnalyticalYour Text HereDetailed Flow Modeling extended with (technical) exception flows
6. Process versus Case(c) Jim Sinur as seen in "Mastering the Unpredictable"
7. Trifecta of Modeling NotationsAccording to the Object Management GroupA graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model Business Process Model & Notationa standard approach for describing and modeling repeatable decisions within organizations to ensure that decision models are interchangeable across organizationsDecision Model & NotationA graphical representation for graphically expressing a CaseCase Management Model & Notation
8. Types of Diagrams
9. Types of Diagrams
10. Focus of the Course
11. Reference WorksThe Inspiration for this CourseOMG BPMN SpecificationYour Text HereYour Text HereYour Text HereThe Specification as written up by the Object Management Group. A great resource for getting to know BPMN. Focusses both on the elements of the notation and how to use them, as well as give examples of how to model properly. An expansion on his previous book, Bruce Silver revisits method style of process modeling. A great resource for when you are just getting started with Business Process Management.
12. The Basic Language
13. BPMN from a Mile AwayA BPMN process model is a graph consisting (principally) of four types of elements:
14. Order Management Process in BPMNA First Attempt at Process Modeling
15. BPMN is a Token Based LanguageiBPMS Specification
16. Order Management Process in BPMNA First Attempt at Process Modeling
17. A Bit More on Gateways…Exclusive Decision / MergeIndicates locations within a business process where the sequence flow can take two or more alternative paths.Only one of the paths can be taken.Depicted by a diamond shape that may contain a marker that is shaped like an “X”.Parallel Fork / JoinProvide a mechanism to synchronize parallel flow and to create parallel flow.Depicted by a diamond shape that must contain a marker that is shaped like a plus sign.
18. Order Management Process in BPMNA Revised Model
19. Overview of all GatewaysComplex GatewaySplit and Join are governed by a Rule.
20. What is Wrong with this Model?
21. Types of TasksBusiness Rule Task Type
22. Organisational ElementsTwo basic abstractions:Resource: Human actor or equipment (e.g. printer) that is required to perform an activityResource class: Set of resources with shared characteristics, e.g. Clerk, Manager, Insurance OfficerA resource class may be a:Role (skill, competence, qualification)Classification based on what a resource can do or is expected to do.Group (department, team, office, organizational unit)Classification based on the organization’s structure.
23. Resource ModellingIn BPMN, resource classes are captured using:Pools – independent organizational entities, e.g. Customer, Supplier, East-Tallinn Hospital, Tartu ClinicLanes – resource classes in the same organizational space and sharing common systemsSales Department, Marketing DepartmentClerk, Manager, Engineer
24. Notation – Lanes & Pools
25. Order Management Process in BPMNIntegrating Pools & Lanes
26. Types of ResourcesData Objects are a mechanism to show how data is required or produced by activities.Are depicted by a rectangle that has its upper-right corner folded over.Represent input and output of a process activity.Data stores are containers of data objects that need be persisted beyond the duration of a process instanceAssociations are used to link artifacts such as data objects and data stores with flow objects (e.g. activities).Data Store
27. Order Management Process in BPMNAdding Resources
28. Exercise Time
29. BPMN Exercise 01Claims Handling process at a car insurer A customer submits a claim by sending in relevant documentation. The Customer Service department checks the documents for completeness and registers the claim. After registration, the claim is classified leading to two possible outcomes: simple or complex. If the overall claim is simple, the policy is checked. For complex claims, both the policy and the damage are checked independently. The Claims Handling department checks the insurance policy. The same department does the damage assessment. If the overall assessment is positive, the damages are validated and a garage is phoned by the customer service department to authorise the repairs and the payment is scheduled (in this order). In any case (whether the outcome is positive or negative), an e-mail is sent to the customer to notify the outcome.
30. BPMN Exercise 01
31. BPMN Exercise 02 In the context of a claim handling process, an insurance claim agent needs to verify the policy and an insurance claim agent needs to verify the claimant’s precedents. There is no fixed sequence for these actions. However, at soon as either of these tasks has been performed, the system needs to launch an automated task to add the claim to a daily overview report.
32. BPMN Exercise 02
33. The Extended Language
34. Multiple Instance Markers“Multiple instance” marker or “parallel repetition” of an activityUseful when the same activity should be executed for multiple entities or data items, e.g.
35. Multiple Instance Markers
36. What is Wrong with this Model?
37. Is This Better?
38. Expanded View
39. SubprocessesAn activity in a process can “invoke” a separate (sub-)processUse this feature to:Break down large models into smaller ones, making them easier to understand and maintain process hierarchiesShare common fragments across multiple processes shared subprocessesIdentify parts of a process that should be:repeatedexecuted multiple times in parallelcancelled
40. Shared Subprocesses
41. Shared Subprocessesequivalent to:
42. Exercise Time
43. BPMN Exercise 03 After a claim is registered, it is examined by two different claims officers. Each claims officer then writes a “settlement recommendation”. These recommendations are checked by a senior claims officer who may mark the claim as “OK” or “Not OK”. If the claim is marked as “Not OK”, it is sent back to the claims officers and the examination is repeated. If the claim is marked as “OK”, the settlement to the customer.
44. BPMN Exercise 03
45. The Extended Language
46. Modelling with EventsMessage EventOnly one consumerOnly between poolsUsed for external communicationSignal EventCan have multiple consumersCan happen within same lane/poolUsed for internal communicationTimer EventNo Throw variantSignifies either a specific time or a recurring time (start event)Common Events
47. Modelling with Events - Example A PO handling process starts when a PO is received. The PO is first registered. If the current date is not a working day, the process waits until the following working day before proceeding. Otherwise, an availability check is performed and a “PO response” is sent back to the customer. Anytime during the process, the customer may send a “PO change request”. When such a request is received, it is just registered, without further action.
48. Modelling with Events - Example
49. Modelling with EventsLess Frequently Used EventsError Event HandlingMultiple Signal Event HandlingLinks Event HandlingEscalation Event Handling
50. Expanding on GatewaysEvent-Based GatewayOnly split gateway. Activates the first branch for which the defining event is triggered.
51. Boundary EventsSometimes during a sub-process or task execution, some event may occur that needs some action…Such events are placed at the boundaries of the sub-process/task (boundary events)Two flavors:Interrupting boundary eventsNon-interrupting boundary events
52. Boundary Events - Example
53. Event Sub-ProcessesAn event sub-process is a process that is attached to a parent process, and that are triggered when an event happensAlternative to putting a boundary non-interrupting event around the parent process
54. Event Sub-Process - Example
55. Exception Handling – Error EventsExceptions are events that deviate a process from its “normal” courseHandling exceptions often involves stopping a sub-process and performing a special activityAchieved using two event nodes:An “end error event” that stops the enclosing subprocess executionAn “intermediate error event” attached to the enclosing subprocess – this is where the process execution will continue after the error
56. Error Events - Example
57. Error Events - Compensation
58. Exercise Time
59. BPMN Exercise 04 In the context of a claim handling process, it is sometimes necessary to send a questionnaire to the claimant to gather additional information. The claimant is expected to return the questionnaire within five days. If no response is received after five days, a reminder is sent to the claimant. If after another five days there is still no response, another reminder is sent and so on until the completed questionnaire is received.
60. BPMN Exercise 04III
61. BPMN Exercise 05 (Increased Difficulty) In the context of a claim handling process, we would like to introduce automation to reduce the work done by the insurance claim agent. So when a valid claim is received, or when this process is manually started, we either allow for agent to process the claim, or we allow for the system to automatically try and process the claim. If for some reason the system cannot process the claim, and the agent hasn’t yet processed the claim, the system should retry after an incremental waiting period of 10 minutes (first time wait 10 minutes, second time wait 20 minutes…).
62. BPMN Exercise 05 (Increased Difficulty)
63. BPMN Exercise 06 (Expert Difficulty)
64. BPMN Exercise 06 (Expert Difficulty)
65. BPMN Exercise 06 (Expert Difficulty)
66. Conventions
67. 7 Process Modelling Guidelines (7PMG)Use verb-object activity labels.Use only one start and one end event unless neededSemanticUse as few elements in the model as possible.Minimize the routing paths per element.Avoid OR routing elements.StructuralModel as structured as possible.Decompose a model with more than 50 elements.Try to make most of the sequences flow in the same direction.SexyThere are specific guidelines you can agree to within a company, just make sure they are noted down for new process analysts.Specific
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