Identify common drug names and terms associated with the seven drug categories Identify common methods of administration for each category Describe indicators of impairment associated with each category ID: 1008985
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1. Session 6 Seven Drug Categories
2. Identify common drug names and terms associated with the seven drug categoriesIdentify common methods of administration for each categoryDescribe indicators of impairment associated with each categoryLearning Objectives6-2
3. Describe conditions which may mimic signs and symptoms associated with each drug categoryList indicators which may emerge during the three phases of the DWI detection process which may indicate the subject is under the influence of a drug(s)Learning Objectives6-3
4. CNS DepressantsCNS StimulantsHallucinogensDissociative AnestheticsSeven Categories of Drugs Narcotic AnalgesicsInhalantsCannabis6-4
5. Seven Drug CategoriesCNS Depressants6-5
6. CNS DepressantDepressants slow down the activity of an individual’s brain and central nervous system.
7. AlcoholAmbienKlonopinCommonly Abused CNS Depressants SomaValiumXanax6-7
8. OralInsufflationInjectionMethods of Administration6-8
9. Wide variety of emotional effectsDivided attention impairmentDisorientedSluggishThick, slurred speechDrunk-like behaviorEffects of CNS Depressants6-9
10. Droopy eyelidsDrowsinessRelaxed inhibitionsUncoordinated Unsteady walkGeneral Indicators6-10
11. Eye IndicatorsHGNPresentVGNMay be Present (high dose)LOCPresentPupil SizeNormal**Soma, Quaaludes, and some Antidepressants usually dilate pupils6-11
12. Onset and Duration of Effects6-12
13. Clammy skinComaOverdose Signs and SymptomsRapid/weak pulseShallow breathing6-13
14. Diabetic reactionsExtreme fatigueHead injuriesConditions That May Mimic Drug ImpairmentHypotension (low blood pressure)Inner ear disordersSevere depression6-14
15. Drug Matrix* Soma, Quaaludes, and some Antidepressants usually dilate pupilsCNS Dep.CNS Stim.Hall.D.A.N.A.InhalantCannabisHGNPresentVGNPresent LOCPresentPupilSizeNormal * 6-15
16. Seven Drug CategoriesCNS Stimulants6-16
17. CocaineAmphetaminesMethamphetaminesWidely Abused CNS Stimulants 6-17
18. Cocaine6-18
19. Amphetamines6-19
20. Energy drinksOTCOther CNS Stimulants6-20
21. RitalinAdderallDexedrine Prescribed CNS Stimulants6-21
22. InsufflatedInjectedSmokedOralMethods of Administration 6-22
23. Powder residue in nasal cavityBlisters on lips and tongueInjection marksSigns of Administration6-23
24. Euphoria – an extremely pleasurable sensation (while drug is psychoactive)Opposite effect as drug wears offEffects of CNS Stimulants 6-24
25. Eyelid and body tremorsGrinding teeth (bruxism)General Indicators of ImpairmentRestlessnessTalkative6-25
26. Eye IndicatorsHGNNoneVGNNoneLOCNonePupil SizeDilated6-26
27. Duration of EffectsTypeDurationCocaine Up to 2 hoursAmphetamines, Methamphetamines4 – 8 hoursRitalin, Adderall, Dexedrine Varies6-27
28. HallucinationsPsychosisViolent behaviorOverdose Signs and Symptoms6-28
29. HyperactivityNervousnessStressFearConditions That May Mimic Drug Impairment6-29
30. Drug Matrix* Soma, Quaaludes, and some Antidepressants usually dilate pupilsCNS Dep.CNS Stim.Hall.D.A.N.A.InhalantCannabisHGNPresentNoneVGNPresentNone LOCPresentNonePupilSizeNormal *Dilated 6-30
31. Seven Drug CategoriesHallucinogens6-31
32. Hallucinogens affect a person’s:PerceptionSensationThinkingSelf-awareness Emotional stateHallucinogens6-32
33. An example of a hallucination would be seeing sounds and hearing colorsThis is called Synesthesia – the transposition of sensesHallucinogens6-33
34. Peyote (Mescaline)Natural Hallucinogens Psilocybin(Both are grown naturally) 6-34
35. Synthetic Hallucinogens 6-35
36. OralTransdermalSmokedInjectedInsufflationMethods of Administration6-36
37. Generally intensifies mood of user at time of administrationIf user is depressed – you could observe a deeper depressionIf user is feeling pleasant – you could see a heightened pleasureEffects of Hallucinogens 6-37
38. Can uncover emotional flaws in userUser may expect a pleasurable “trip,” but end up instead with a bad “trip”Effects of Hallucinogens6-38
39. Body tremorsDazed appearanceHallucinationsImpaired perception of time and distanceGeneral IndicatorsNauseaParanoiaPerspiringUncoordinated6-39
40. Eye Indicators 6-40HGNNoneVGNNoneLOCNonePupil SizeDilated
41. Duration of Effects6-41TypeDurationMDMA1 – 3 hoursLSD6 – 8 hoursPeyoteUp to 12 hoursPsilocybinUp to 5 hours
42. Overdose Signs and Symptoms The primary overdose symptom for the Hallucinogen category is a long and intense “bad trip”.6-42
43. High feverMental illnesses Conditions That May Mimic Drug Impairment 6-43
44. Drug Matrix* Soma, Quaaludes, and some Antidepressants usually dilate pupilsCNS Dep.CNS Stim.Hall.D.A.N.A.InhalantCannabisHGNPresentNoneNoneVGNPresentNoneNone LOCPresentNoneNonePupilSizeNormal *DilatedDilated 6-44
45. Seven Drug CategoriesDissociative Anesthetics6-45
46. PCP – PhencyclidineAnalogsKetamineDextromethorphanDissociative Anesthetics6-46
47. Methods of AdministrationOralInsufflationTransdermalEye DropsSmokedInjection6-47
48. Effects of Dissociative Anesthetic Cut off or distort the brain’s perception of the rest of the body’s senses (Dissociate)Increase user’s pain threshold (Anesthetic)6-48
49. General Indicators Blank stareCyclic behaviorChemical odorHallucinationsIncomplete verbal responsesPerspiringSlow, slurred speech6-49
50. Eye Indicators 6-50HGNPresentVGNPresentLOCPresentPupil SizeNormal
51. Duration of EffectsTypeDurationDXM3 – 6 hoursKetamine30 – 45 minutes (injected)45 – 60 minutes (insufflation)1 – 2 hours (orally)PCP 4 – 6 hours6-51
52. Overdose Signs and Symptoms Coma Respiratory depressionSeizures and convulsions6-52
53. Conditions That May MimicDrug ImpairmentMental illnesses 6-53
54. Drug Matrix* Soma, Quaaludes, and some Antidepressants usually dilate pupilsCNS Dep.CNS Stim.Hall.D.A.N.A.InhalantCannabisHGNPresentNoneNonePresentVGNPresentNoneNonePresent LOCPresentNoneNonePresentPupilSizeNormal *DilatedDilatedNormal 6-54
55. Seven Drug CategoriesNarcotic Analgesics6-55
56. Identification of Narcotic Analgesics 6-56
57. Heroin 6-57
58. Methods of Administration6-58
59. Effects of Narcotic AnalgesicsUsually very addictive Addicts who stop using may suffer physical withdrawal symptoms Users may develop a tolerance to the drug6-59
60. General Indicators Depressed reflexesDroopy eyelids DrowsinessDry mouthEuphoriaItchingNausea“On the nod”Puncture marksSlow breathingSlow, low, raspy speech6-60
61. Eye Indicators 6-61HGNNoneVGNNoneLOCNonePupil SizeConstricted
62. Duration of Effects TypeDurationFentanyl2 – 3 hoursHeroin3 – 5 hoursHydrocodone4 – 8 hoursMethadone6 – 8 hoursOxycodone3 – 6 hoursVicodin4 – 8 hours6-62
63. Overdose Signs Clammy skinComaConvulsionsSlow and shallow breathing6-63
64. Conditions That May Mimic Drug Impairment FatigueHead injuriesDiabetic reactionsHypotension (low blood pressure)Severe depression6-64
65. Drug Matrix* Soma, Quaaludes, and some Antidepressants usually dilate pupilsCNS Dep.CNS Stim.Hall.D.A.N.A.InhalantCannabisHGNPresentNoneNonePresentNoneVGNPresentNoneNonePresentNone LOCPresentNoneNonePresentNonePupilSizeNormal *DilatedDilatedNormal Constricted6-65
66. Seven Drug CategoriesInhalants6-66
67. Identification of Inhalants 6-67
68. Methods of Administration6-68
69. Effects of Inhalants Vary widely depending on the substance inhaledTypically, Inhalant abuser will generally appear to be intoxicated on alcohol6-69
70. General Indicators Bloodshot eyesConfusionDisorientedFlushed faceOdor of substancePossible nauseaResidue of substanceSlurred speechUncoordinated6-70
71. Eye Indicators HGNPresentVGNPresent (high doses)LOCPresentPupil SizeNormal (may be dilated)6-71
72. Duration of EffectsTypeDurationAerosolsVery short durationAmyl NitriteUp to 20 minutesNitrous OxideLess than 5 minutesVolatile solventsSeveral hours6-72
73. Overdose Signs and Symptoms Cardiac arrhythmia Sudden sniffing death6-73
74. Conditions That May Mimic Drug Impairment Head injuries Inner ear disorders/Equilibrium 6-74
75. Drug Matrix* Soma, Quaaludes, and some Antidepressants usually dilate pupils** May be dilatedCNS Dep.CNS Stim.Hall.D.A.N.A.InhalantCannabisHGNPresentNoneNonePresentNonePresentVGNPresentNoneNonePresentNonePresent LOCPresentNoneNonePresentNonePresentPupilSizeNormal *DilatedDilatedNormal ConstrictedNormal**6-75
76. Seven Drug CategoriesCannabis6-76
77. Forms of Cannabis Marijuana Hashish Hash Oil Edibles6-77
78. THC Concentrations3% - 6%30%+1970’sCurrent LevelsWax80%-90%6-78
79. Synthetic Cannabinoid Products6-79 Olive colored herbs Combination of herbs Plant materials Marinol
80. Methods of Administration SmokedOral Transdermal 6-80
81. Effects of Cannabis on Driving6-81
82. General Indicators Bloodshot eyesBody tremorsDisorientedEuphoriaEyelid tremorsImpaired perception of time and distanceOdor of marijuanaParanoiaRelaxed inhibitionsSedation6-82
83. Eye IndicatorsHGNNoneVGNNoneLOCPresentPupil SizeDilated (possibly normal)6-83
84. Duration of EffectsTypeDurationMarijuana (smoked)3-4 hoursSynthetics2-6 hoursEdiblesUp to 8 hoursConcentratesVaries6-84
85. Overdose Signs and SymptomsExcessive Vomiting Possible Psychosis6-85
86. Conditions That May MimicDrug ImpairmentMental illnesses 6-86
87. Drug Matrix* Soma, Quaaludes, and some Antidepressants usually dilate pupils** May be dilated*** May be normalCNS Dep.CNS Stim.Hall.D.A.N.A.InhalantCannabisHGNPresentNoneNonePresentNonePresentNoneVGNPresentNoneNonePresentNonePresent NoneLOCPresentNoneNonePresentNonePresentPresentPupilSizeNormal *DilatedDilatedNormal ConstrictedNormal**Dilated***6-87
88. Officer Safety6-88
89. Questions?6-89