Renewable Energy RE in SIPs EPAs Roadmap and a Tour of Several States National Air Quality Conference Angie Shatas US EPA February 12 2014 1 Goals EERE the lay of the land ID: 503961
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Energy Efficiency (EE) & Renewable Energy (RE) in SIPs – EPA’s Roadmap and a Tour of Several States
National Air Quality Conference Angie Shatas, U.S. EPAFebruary 12, 2014
1Slide2
GoalsEE/RE – the lay of the land
EPA’s RoadmapTouring a few states2Slide3
What is EE/RE?Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy policies and programs
Require parties to use or fund EE/RE through regulation, statute or Public Utility Commission (PUC) orderIncrease adoption of energy efficient practicesEnd-user education and incentives (e.g., consumer awareness and rebate programs)
Increase production and use of RE sources
(
e.g.
, solar, wind, biomass)
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) and Energy Efficiency Resource Standards (EERS) can
be state requirements that include
any of the above
3Slide4
At-a-glance4
States are adopting EERSPrimarily for cost savings lower electricity bills
Co-benefits: emissions reductions (
NOx
, SO2)
State
trends
in Renewable Portfolio StandardsSlide5
A current map of state EE/RE policies
5
Mandatory - 24
Voluntary - 6
Mandatory - 29
Voluntary - 9Slide6
Elements for Success when incorporating EE/RE in SIPsState-wide
policies produce greater potential emission benefitsDialogue between air and energy agenciesEnergy agencies provide prospective
view of energy
savings (for SIP submittal) and
retrospectiv
e view (verification)
Quantification tools
to determine if and to what extent an EE/RE initiative is affecting a particular nonattainment area
6Slide7
Past Experiences with EE/RE in SIPs2004 EE/RE guidance
Feedback from statesThe expected SIP credit was not worth the analysis effort.Documentation requirements were burdensome.Achievable emissions reductions were not clear.More detailed EPA guidance needed.
7Slide8
EPA’s RoadmapHelp states include EE/RE in SIPs
RoadmapClarifies existing guidanceLays out four pathways for SIP creditIdentifies quantification approachesResources/ToolsBaseline analysis - Projected energy impacts of “on-the-books” state EE/RE policies
AVoided
Emissions and
geneRation
Tool (AVERT) - emissions quantification (translates EE/RE to emissions)
Frequently Asked QuestionsSlide9
4 Pathways
BaselineControl Strategy
Emerging/
Voluntary Measures
Weight of Evidence
Emerging Voluntary
Types of Projects
For
“on the books” policies; Best on a state-wide or regional basis
For “on the way” policies
For locally-based activities; can be bundled
For locally-based activities; can be bundled
Any
SIP
Credit Limit
None
None
6% of total required emission reductions
(3% mobile + 6% other)
6% of total required emission reductions
(3% mobile + 6% other)
No credit taken but do get emissions benefits
Enforcement
State enforceable ** but not Federally enforceable
Federally
enforceable against the responsible party*
Enforceable against the source
Not enforceable against the source or implementing
party
None
If
SIP reductions do not materialize
Air
agency required to make up for emission shortfall; CAA SIP call
Responsible party required to complyState responsible for reductionsState responsible for reductionsSIP revisionLevel of documentationSignificant analysis: show reductions in place for planning period; quantify impacts; ensure no double countingSignificant analysis: show reductions are permanent, enforceable, quantifiable, surplusModerate:show reductions are permanent, enforceable, quantifiable, surplusModerate:show reductions are permanent, enforceable, quantifiable, surplusRange: depends on level of analysis
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* May be the load serving entity required to implement EE/RE.
** If a municipality has initiated a measure, then the state may delegate responsibility to the municipality.Slide10
Baseline Analysis – EE/RE Policies in AEO 2013
10
Policy Assessment Criteria
Adopted in state legislation or Public Utility Commission (PUC) order (i.e. “on-the-books”)
Goal:
EPA and most states use the AEO 2013 energy policy assumptions in their SIP baseline emission
projections.Slide11
Quantification –from Basic to Sophisticated
BasiceGRID region non-baseload emission rates
Sophisticated
Energy Modeling
11
End use demand
Energy Model
User-defined
constraints
Technology data
Fuel data
Emission factors
Environmental regulations
Economic parameters
Intermediate
Historical Hourly Emissions Rates
Slide12
AVERTEPA-developed quantification toolAddresses a key reason states have not implemented previous EE/RE SIP guidance
Simulates dispatch to predict hourly changes in generation and emissions (NOx, SO2
and CO
2
)
at electric generating units (EGUs) due to EE/RE
Uses actual data reported to EPA’s Clean Air Markets Division (CAMD) through Acid Rain Program
12Slide13
13
WA
OR
CA
NV
UT
ID
MT
WY
CO
AZ
NM
TX
OK
KS
NE
SD
ND
MN
WI
IA
MO
IL
IN
MI
OH
KY
TN
AR
LA
MS
AL
GA
FL
SC
NC
VA
WV
PA
NY
ME
NH
VT
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
State with active interest
State with interest
Current Engagement with States
State with Ozone Advance area(s)Slide14
States on the way - MarylandPathway: Weight of Evidence
Ozone attainment SIP for moderate area (due July 2015)Participant in NESCAUM pilot projectEE/RE policies and programs in placeMaryland Renewable Portfolio StandardEmPower
Maryland energy conservation program
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
Transit and smart growth initiatives
Green building initiatives
Electric vehicle initiatives
14Slide15
States on the way – New York
Pathway: ControlSIP and timing: TBDParticipant in NESCAUM pilot projectEE/RE policies and programs in placeCombined Heat and Power – also for boiler MACT compliance
NY-Sun
Initiative – public/private partnership to increase solar capacity
Build Smart NY – reduce average energy usage in NY
p
ublic
b
uildings by 20%
Renewable Portfolio Standard
Energy Efficiency Resource Standard
15Slide16
States on the way - MassachusettsPathway: Baseline emissions projection
SIP and timing: TBDParticipant in NESCAUM pilot projectEE/RE policies and programs in placeRenewable Portfolio Standard
Energy Efficiency Resource Standard
16Slide17
Other states on the way – North Carolina, Kentucky, Utah, Louisiana
North CarolinaLooking at ozone reductionsIn place: Renewable Portfolio StandardKentuckyIn place: Voluntary energy efficiency targets through PUC orders
Utah
Case study underway
Looking at PM2.5 emission reductions
In place: Renewable Portfolio Standard
Louisiana
Ozone Advance areas
In place: local energy efficiency projects
17Slide18
For More Information:Angie Shatas, EPA OAQPS
919-541-5454 | shatas.angie@epa.govRobyn DeYoung, EPA OAP 202-343-9080 | deyoung.robyn@epa.gov
http://www.epa.gov/airquality/eere/
- EE/RE Roadmap manual
- Frequently Asked Questions
- AVERT
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