Challenges and Opportunities By Xiaoping Yuan Forest Analysis and Inventory Branch April 1920 2017 Background British Columbia 95 million hectares Canada 990 million hectares Total area of BC ID: 813039
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Slide1
LiDAR Enhanced Forest Inventory in British Columbia
Challenges and Opportunities
By
Xiaoping Yuan
Forest Analysis and Inventory Branch
April 19-20, 2017
Slide2Background
British Columbia
95 million
hectares
Canada
990 million
hectares
Slide3Total area of BC
95 million hectares
Forested land
60 million hectares
Forest Land & Ownership
Ownership
95%of forests owned by
BC government
Slide4Forest Analysis and Inventory
Mandate: authority of forest inventory for the province
Total employees: 57, Inventory: 35, with an annual inventory budget $8-10 million
Vegetation Resource Inventory: stand level inventory based on conventional and manual photo interpretation for strategic applications.
Slide5Challenges
Insufficient funding: aging inventory data
Aging workforce and
lack of
expertise/skill Multiple types of data/information and fast changing technologies Increasing public expectationsInsufficient infrastructure
Slide6Satellites
Airborne
Landsat8
TM (30m)
Rapideye
&
SPOT(2-10m
)
WorldView3
& Geoeye (0.3m)
We are in digital era
Digital Camera(0.1m)
Digital air photo (0.3m)
LiDAR
Slide7Changes in Forest Inventory
Multi-resolution
(scale) for multiple purposes and applications
- Provincial and regional monitoring
- Management unit analysis and planning- Stand level management - Site specific operations- Tree measurements for modelingCritical change: from data provider toservice provider
Slide8LEFI – Current Status
Pilot
in TFL18 (
2005)
Operational trial (2011) Full LEFI in Kamloops/Okanagan (2016) LEFI in Hadai Gwaii, Kamloops/Okanagan, Merritt (2016-2017) LEFI Cranbrook TSA (2017-2018)
Slide9LiDAR Coverage 2016
10 million ha by vendors
2 million ha worked on by FAIB
2 million ha planed by BCTS
2-3 million ha per year by the CF
Slide10Issues and Challenges
LEFI is a totally new inventory tool
Cost of
LiDAR
data acquisition: >$5/ha a few years ago to <$1/ha nowInventory cost $1/ha (ground sampling and analysis)Existing ground plot dataModel portabilityStandards and specifications
Slide11Acquire LiDAR
Pre-process
QA
Normalized and
c
lassified point cloud
Acquisition
Convert to .
laz
Retile and buffer
Remove duplicates
Create 1m DEM
Create 1m CHM
Normalized CHM
Generate 0.04ha
p
lot metrics
Generate 20mmetrics
Pre-inventory
analysis
Stratification
Sample plot
selection
Landsat
And GE
Orthophoto
BEC/TRIM
VRI
EnhancementGround datacollectionGround datacompiled
Statistical
models
20m raster
predicted ATT
Metrics indices
Object segments
VRI
Processing for
VRIMS
kNN
/RF
processing
VRI upgraded
& publishing
Processing for
VRIMS
New LEFIfor VRIMS
Sampling Design
Ground and modeling
Integration
Processing
LiDAR Enhanced Forest Inventory FlowchartIt is a new inventory tool!
Slide12Getting the
inventory
Growing the
inventory
Updating the inventoryMonitoring theinventoryManaging theInventoryUsing theInventory
Forest Inventory Life Cycle
Slide13Issues: from raster to polygon
- Species
- Height, which ones? - Stem per ha - Crown closure - Basal area - Volume - Age` - dbh - Projection
Limitations
1. Resolution2. New information
3. Mixed reference year4. Accuracy/precision
Slide14Proposed 5-years LEFI Implementation Strategy
Training, staffing, H/S, database, projection
LEFI core development/design/planning team
LEFI implementation team, execution team
Capitalize the existing LiDAR to enhance VRI 2017-2018 2-3 new LEFI projects each year (>$2million) Champion new LiDAR data acquisition projects Build user interfaces and applications (TSR)Don’t change VRI for LEFI, but do use VRI componentswhen building LEFI
Slide15Opportunities Building a new inventory tool
Issues with VRI and LEFI
Hybrid LEFI/VRI
- Better (accuracy and precision)
- Automated and model based - Spatial and full attributes - Ground, photo/LiDAR, satellite - Cheaper? Depends - From trees to raster and polygon3. New applications4. New H/S tools
Slide16Cranbrook LEFI 2017/19
Over 1 million ha
Ground sampling, 200 plots
Segmentation
as spatial based on LiDAR DEM/CHM, Landsat, SPOT, and orthophoto.Photo sampling, 10,000Model based LEFIkNN or RF classificationLEFI enhanced VRI by 2018New spatial/attribute database by 2019
Slide17Summary: from VRI to LEFIVision/strategy and leadershipStandards, specifications, and guidelines
Expertise and training
Infrastructure
Integration
New applications