Diseases & Disorders of the Urinary System - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Diseases & Disorders of the Urinary System1BSM

2. An inherited congenital defect in which the kidneys develop clusters of cystsThe kidneys lose function over time and kidney failure may resultPolycystic Kidneys2BSMNormal kidneyPolycystic kidney

3. Hard mineral or salt deposits that form in the kidneysPassing kidney stones can be very painfulSome stones may be broken up with sound waves, a procedure known as lithotripsyKidney Stones3BSM

4. A bacterial infection in the urinary tract, usually the bladder and/or urethraMain symptoms are frequent, strong urges to urinate and a burning sensation during urinationTreated with antibioticsUrinary Tract Infection (UTI)4BSMUTI

5. An inability to hold urine in the bladderCommon causes include pressure on the bladder from coughing, laughing, or lifting something heavy or urge incontinence, a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine Incontinence5BSM

6. Inability to completely empty the bladderCan be acute or chronicSeveral possible causes, but one of the more common causes in men is an enlarged prostate glandUrinary Retention6BSMNormal prostateEnlarged prostate

7. Dialysis involves the use of a machine that filters the blood in patients that have lost most of their kidney functionAverage life expectancy on dialysis is 5-10 yearsDialysis7BSM

8. The most common organ transplantAbout 20,000 in the US in 2016, and that number is increasing each yearDiabetes and high blood pressure are the leading causes of renal failure leading to the need for a transplantKidney Transplant8BSM

9. Other Diseases & Disorders9BSMCystitis: Inflammation of the bladder; causes pain when urinating; caused by infections; common in woman due to the shorter length of the female urethra.Diabetes Insipidus: Impaired Anti-Diuretic Hormone production by the Pituitary gland or response to it by the kidneys; causes excessive urine production so toxins in the body become to concentrated.Glomerulonephritis: A type of glomerular kidney disease in which the kidneys’ filters become inflamed and scarred and slowly lose their ability to remove wastes and excess fluid from the blood to make urine.Pyelonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis; caused by bacterial infection.Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra; results in painful urination.Dysuria: Painful or difficult urination; caused by infection or inflammation.

10. Nephritis10BSMNephritis or Bright`s disease: Inflammation of the kidney resulting from causes other than infection.

11. More Diseases & Disorders11BSMEnuresis: An inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination; sometimes called “bed wetting.”Nephroblastoma: A tumour of the kidneys that typically occurs in children.Renal failure: An inability of the kidneys to excrete waste resulting in a situation in which the kidneys fail to function adequately.Renal Colic: A type of pain commonly caused by the obstruction to the flow of urine; often caused by kidney stones.Uraemia: An accumulation in the blood of nitrogenous waste products (e.g. urea) that are usually excreted in the urine.

12. Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System12BSM

13. Fetal kidneys begin excreting urine by the 10th week of pregnancyThe urine is released into the amniotic fluidEmbryonic Development13BSM

14. Filtration rate increases quickly during the first 2 weeks of lifeNewborn babies have limited ability remove excess sodium and to concentrate and dilute urineInfants14BSMInfants average 4 to 6 wet diapers each day but they usually produce small amounts of urine every hour.

15. Eventually, toddlers begin to control the voluntary urethral sphincter and are ready for toilet trainingThe kidneys are fully mature and functioning by age 2Toddlers15BSM

16. Kidney mass and function begins to decline with ageUrinary tract infections and other diseases that affect the kidneys are more common in people over 60 The Elderly16BSM

17. End of Urinary System17BSM