percentage of all brain in the brain and central nervous system CNS - PDF document

percentage of all brain in the brain and central nervous system (CNS) are benign growths that occur in structure consisting of three layers of protective tissue that surround the cerebral cortex. Most malignant primary brain tumours, however, occur in the cerebral cortexthe highest percentage frontal lobe*. Frontal lobeThe frontal lobe constitutes almost two-fths of the human brain. It has a role in modulating many brain functions, including voluntary movement, uency of speech and expression of emotion. People with a tumour in this area often experience seizures as an initial symptom.Parietal lobeThe parietal lobe has diering roles in the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Tumours in BRAIN CANCER OUTLOOK DATA: Q. OSTROM/REF. 1; BRAIN: ALEXANDER_P/SHUTTERSTOCK        J. FERLAY/IARC Primary brain tumours are treated using a multipronged approach that can involve surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Yet the long-term outlook and survival rates of people with such malignancies remains poor.Brain tumours are classied using a grading system that ranks them from least (grade I) to most (grade IV) aggressive. Early diagnosis is linked to better survival timesimprovements and treatment, deaths from brain cancer has remained the past three Survival after diagnosis (%)TestisBrain and nervous systemBreast (female)OvaryOral cavity and pharynxAverage years of life lostMortality (age-standardized rate per 100,000 people) AustraliaFrance Year Brain cancer is responsible for treat, but also because it is the from cancer in children.The average years of life lost is a good measure of the extent to which life is cut short by various cancers. This is the sum dierence in years between the ages at which people with a particular condition died and Grade Mortality rates are lower in some dierences in those populations. 1% \r\rother than the brain will develop brain of secondary brain primary brain cancer are diagnosed each  rectumOvaryBreast (male \rmalignant primary brain astrocytoma (a tumour that forms from glial cells) group of tumours that includes astrocytoma, Glioma Lung and bronchusAround 20% of lung cancers spread to the brainhighest proportion  There are dierences brain cancer in men regardless of the age Researchers are unsure why this About 55% of malignant brain tumours occurred in men, compared with 45% in However, only around 36% of non-malignant brain tumours occurred in men, compared with 64% in women, during the WomenWomen  55%36% Sources: 1. Ostrom, Q. T. Brain Tumor Society (NBTS). Quick Brain Tumor Factsgo.nature.com/2ok3z1r (NBTS, 2018). 3. Davis, F. G., Dolecek, T. A., McCarthy, B. J. & Person-Years of Life Lost Cancer Trends Progress Report: Average Years of Life LostBrain Tumours: Survival Rates in *Percentages do not add up to 100% because of rounding.  Brain cancer comprises only 2% of cancers, but is notoriously dicult to treat. Understanding the location of such tumours, as well as the underlying genetics, will help to tackle this devastating disease.Julie Gould; infographic by Alisdair Macdonald S40 | NATURE | VOL 561 | 27 SEPTEMBER 2018 percentage of all brain in the brain and central nervous system (CNS) are benign growths that occur in structure consisting of three layers of protective tissue that surround the cerebral cortex. Most malignant primary brain tumours, however, occur in the cerebral cortexthe highest percentage frontal lobe*. Frontal lobeThe frontal lobe constitutes almost two-fths of the human brain. It has a role in modulating many brain functions, including voluntary movement, uency of speech and expression of emotion. People with a tumour in this area ofte

n experience seizures as an initial symptom.Parietal lobeThe parietal lobe has diering roles in the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Tumours in those in the right lobe can aect perception of understanding of geographical location.VentricleThe ventricles are hollow parts of the brain that are lled with cerebrospinal uid. Conventionally, intraventricular tumours are treated initially by draining excess cerebrospinal uid relieve pressure in the brain. cerebral cortex. It plays a part in processing visual information. Tumours in Temporal lobeBoth hemispheres of the brain contain a temporal lobe. The ear, means that most of its functions are related to auditory processing. Surgical removal of tumours from the temporal lobe is challenging owing to the region’s complexity. Brain stemThe brain stem connects the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Tumours in the region often aect a person’s ability to walk, speak and swallow, as well as their facial CerebellumTumours in the cerebellum aect a person’s ability to coordinate Other regionsreport the exact locations of brain tumours. However, such growths can sometimes extend into several areas of the brain, or their locations might not be recorded for various reasons. DATA: Q. OSTROM/REF. 1; BRAIN: ALEXANDER_P/SHUTTERSTOCK J. FERLAY/IARC Primary brain tumours are treated using a multipronged approach that can involve surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Yet the long-term outlook and survival rates of people with such malignancies remains poor.Brain tumours are classied using a grading system that ranks them from least (grade I) to most (grade IV) aggressive. Early diagnosis is linked to better survival timesimprovements and treatment, deaths from brain cancer has remained the past three Survival after diagnosis (%)TestisBrain and nervous systemBreast (female)OvaryOral cavity and pharynxAverage years of life lostMortality (age-standardized rate per 100,000 people) 1 year 3 years 5 years AustraliaFrance 020401030 Year 024135 Brain cancer is responsible for treat, but also because it is the from cancer in children.The average years of life lost is a good measure of the extent to which life is cut short by various cancers. This is the sum dierence in years between the ages at which people with a particular condition died and Grade Mortality rates are lower in some dierences in those populations. All sites combined \r\rother than the brain will develop brain of secondary brain primary brain cancer are diagnosed each  rectumOvaryBreast (male \rmalignant primary brain astrocytoma (a tumour that forms from glial cells) group of tumours that includes astrocytoma, Glioma Lung and bronchusAround 20% of lung cancers spread to the brainhighest proportion  There are dierences brain cancer in men regardless of the age Researchers are unsure why this About 55% of malignant brain tumours occurred in men, compared with 45% in However, only around 36% of non-malignant brain tumours occurred in men, compared with 64% in women, during the WomenWomen  55%36% Sources: 1. Ostrom, Q. T. Brain Tumor Society (NBTS). Quick Brain Tumor Factsgo.nature.com/2ok3z1r (NBTS, 2018). 3. Davis, F. G., Dolecek, T. A., McCarthy, B. J. & Person-Years of Life Lost Cancer Trends Progress Report: Average Years of Life LostBrain Tumours: Survival Rates in *Percentages do not add up to 100% because of rounding.  Brain cancer comprises only 2% of cancers, but is notoriously dicult to treat. Understanding the location of such tumours, as well as the underlying genetics, will help to tackle this devastating disease.Julie Gould; infographic by Alisdair Macdonald 27 SEPTEMBER 2018 | VOL 561 | NATURE | S41 BRAIN CANCER OUTLOO