Diseases of the Urinary System - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Diseases of the Urinary System

Slide2

Inflammation of the bladder usually caused by pathogens entering the urinary meatus

More common in females because of the shortness of the urethra

Cystitis

Slide3

(1) Frequent urination

(2) Dysuria and a burning sensation during urination(3) Hematuria(4) Bladder spasm

(5) Fever

Symptoms:

Slide4

A

ntibiotics Increased fluid

intake

Treatment:

Slide5

Inflammation of the glomerulus of the

kidneyCan be:

Acute or Chronic

Glomerulonephritis/Nephritis

Slide6

Usually follows a streptococcal infection such as strep throat, scarlet fever, or rheumatic fever

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis from scarlet fever

Slide7

Cut surface of the kidney with glomerulonephritis

Slide8

Chills

FeverFatigueEdema

Oliguria

Hematuria

albuminuria

(protein in the urine)

Acute Glomerulonephritis symptoms:

Slide9

Rest

Restriction of saltM

aintenance

of fluid

and electrolyte balance

A

ntipyretics

for

fever

A

ntibiotics

With

treatment kidney function is usually restored

Treatment:

Slide10

(1) Follows repeated attacks of acute glomerulonephritis

(2) Progressive disease that causes scarring and sclerosing of the glomeruli

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Slide11

Early symptoms

: hematuria, albuminuria, hypertensionAs

disease progresses

, more glomeruli are destroyed

Edema

, fatigue, anemia, congestive heart failure

Finally

, renal failure and death occur

Symptoms:

Slide12

D

irected at measures to treat symptoms

Low- sodium diet

Antihypertensive drugs

Maintenance

of fluids and electrolytes

Dialysis

: removal of waste products from the blood by a hemodialysis machine

Kidney

transplant when both kidneys are severely damaged

Treatment:

Slide13

Dialysis

Slide14

Inflammation of the kidney tissue and renal pelvis

Usually caused by pyogenic (pus forming) bacteria

Pyelonephritis

Slide15

Chills

FeverBack pain

Dysuria

Hematuria

P

yuria

Symptoms:

Slide16

Antibiotics

Increased fluid intake

Treatment:

Slide17

Kidney stone formed when salts in the urine form a precipitate (settle out of solution)

(1) Small calculi may be eliminated in the urine(2) Larger stones often become lodged in the renal pelvis or ureter

Renal Calculus /Urinary Calculus

Slide18

Kidney

Stones

Slide19

(1) Sudden intense pain known as renal colic

(2) Hematuria and urinary retention

Symptoms:

Slide20

(

1) Increase fluids (2) Provide pain medication

(

3) Strain all urine through gauze or filter paper to see if the stones are eliminated

(4) Lithotripsy: procedure that is used to crush the stones with shock waves to that they can be eliminated through the urine

(5) Surgery to remove the calculi in some cases

Treatment:

Slide21

Kidney stop functioning

Can be Acute or Chronic

Renal Failure

Slide22

Acute renal failure (ARF)

Cause by hemorrhage, shock, injury, poisoning, nephritis, or dehydration

Chronic

renal failure (CRF)

Results

from progressive loss of kidney function

Causes

: chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension, toxins, and endocrine diseases

Waste

products accumulate

in the blood

and affect many body systems

Slide23

Nausea

, vomiting, diarrheaDecreased mental ability

Convulsions

and muscle irritability

Ammonia

smell of the breath and perspiration

Later

stages: coma and death

Symptoms:

Slide24

Dialysis

and control of fluid intakeDiet modifications and restrictions

C

areful

skin and mouth care

Kidney

transplant is the only cure

Treatment:

Tracy Morgan after transplant

Slide25

Toxic

condition that occurs when the kidneys fail and urinary waste products are present in the bloodstream

Causes:

(1) Any condition that affects proper function of the kidneys

(2) Renal failure, chronic glomerulonephritis,

hypertension

Uremia

Slide26

(1) Nausea and vomiting

(2) Ammonia odor to the breath

(

3) Oliguria or anuria

(

4) Headache and mental confusion

(

5) Coma and death

Symptoms:

Slide27

R

estricted dietDialysis

until a kidney transplant can be performed

Treatment:

Slide28

Inflammation

of the urethraCauses:

bacteria

such as gonococcus, viruses, or chemicals such as bubble bath solutions

Urethritis

Slide29

(1) Frequent and painful urination

(2) Redness and itching at urinary meatus

(

3) Purulent (pus) discharge

Symptoms:

Slide30

(1)

Sitz baths or warm moist compresses (2

) Antibiotics

(

3) Increased fluid intake

Treatment:

Slide31