Personality can shine threw our looks and make us what people see Personality is Your unique way of thinking feeling and acting Psychoanalytic Theories of Personality Unconscious Mind ID: 779320
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Slide1
Personality
Is what really defines us.
Personality can shine threw our looks, and make us what people see.
Slide2Personality is……
Your unique way of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Slide3Psychoanalytic Theories of Personality
Slide4Unconscious Mind
Thoughts, desires, feelings, and memories that are memories that are not consciously available to you but that nonetheless shape your behavior.
Slide5Freud’s Model Of Personality
Slide6The ID
Unconscious part of your mind that contains the basic drives fro reproduction, survival, and aggression.
Pleasure Principle (infants represent the purest form of this, because they cry if there needs are not immediately satisfied.)
Slide7The EGO
The part of your mind that balances the demands of id, superego and reality.
Decision-making part of your personality that satisfies id impulses in socially acceptable ways.
Partly conscious and partly unconscious.
Slide8The SUPEREGO
The part of your mind that counterbalances the more primitive demands of the id.
Develops later in childhood
Has several personality duties
Makes sure the ego acts morally
Makes you feel guilty when you do wrong
Makes you feel proud when you do right.
Slide9Defense Mechanisms
The egos’ way of keeping threatening and unacceptable material out of consciousness and thereby reducing anxiety.
Repression
Rationalization
Reaction formation
Displacement
Projection
Regression
Slide10Collective Unconscious
In Jung’s personality theory, the part of the unconscious mind containing inherited memories shared by all human beings.
That is why books like Harry Potter are so popular it reminds us of a hero that overcomes incredibly difficulties to save the world.
Slide11Introverts
Focus more attention to their inner world and tend to be hesitant and cautious when interacting with people.
Slide12Slide13Extroverts
Are more focused on the external world and tend to be confident and socially outgoing.
Slide14Slide153 things that impact of Psychoanalytic Theory
1- Unconscious process shape human behavior.
2-Childhood experiences shape adult personality
3- learning to control and redirect impulses is critical for healthy development.
Slide16Humanistic Personality Theories
Slide17Roger’s Person-Centered Theory
Carl Rodgers believed that people are basically good.
Slide18Maslow’s Self-Actualization Theory
Abraham Maslow was interested in people’s ability to reach their full potential.
Slide19Peak Experience
A
fleeting
but intense moment when you feel happy, absorbed, and extremely capable.
Slide20Does your culture Influence your personality?
Read Closer look on page 314
Slide2111.2
Contemporary Personality Theories
Explain the Trait Theory of personality and indentify the 5 traits in the 5 factor model
Describe how the social-cognitive perspective explains personality development.
Explain how biology shapes personality development
Slide22Trait Perspective
A descriptive approach to personality that identifies stable behavior patterns that a person displays over time and across situations.
Slide23Trait
A relatively stable tendency to behave in a particular way across variety of situations.
Traits are viewed as building blocks of personality.
Your personality consists of a number of traits.
Slide24The Big Five Personality Test
from personality-testing.info
courtesy ipip.ori.org
Slide25Introduction
This is a personality test, it will help you understand why you act the way that you do and how your
personality is structured. Please follow the instructions below, scoring and results are on the next page.
Slide26Instructions
In the table below, for each statement 1-50 mark how much you agree with on the scale 1-5, where
1=disagree, 2=slightly disagree, 3=neutral, 4=slightly agree and 5=agree, in the box to the left of it.
Slide27Test
1-Am the life of the party
2- feel little concern for others
3- am always prepared
4-get stressed out easily
5- Have rich vocabulary
6- Don’t talk a lot
7-Am interested in people
8- Leave my Belongings around
9- am relaxed most of the time
10- Have a difficulty understanding abstract ideas
Slide2811- Feel comfortable around people
12- Insult people
13- pay attention to details
14- Worry about things
15-Have a vivid imagination
16- Keep in the Background
17- Sympathize with others feelings
18- Make a mess of things
19- Seldom Feel blue
20-Am not interested in abstract ideas
Slide2921- Start conversations
22- Am not interested in other peoples problems
23- Get chores done right away
24- Am easily disturbed
25-Have excellent ideas
26-Have little to say
27- Have a soft heart
28- Often forget to put things back in their proper place
29- Get upset easily
30- Do not have a
good imagination
Slide3031- Talk to a lot of different people at parties
32- Am not really interested in others
33- Like order
34- Change my mood a lot
35- Am quick to understand things
36- Don’t like to draw attention to myself
37- take time out for others
38- Shirk my duties
39- Have frequent mood swings
40- Use difficult words
Slide3141- Don’t mind being the center of attention
42- Feel others emotions
43- Follow a schedule
44- Get intimated easy
45- Spend time reflecting on things
46- Am quiet around strangers
47- Make people feel at ease
48- Am exacting in my work
49- Often feel blue
50- Am full of ideas
Slide32E = 20 + (1) ___ - (6) ___ + (11) ___ - (16) ___ + (21) ___ - (26) ___ + (31) ___ - (36) ___ + (41) ___ - (46) ___ = _____
A = 14 - (2) ___ + (7) ___ - (12) ___ + (17) ___ - (22) ___ + (27) ___ - (32) ___ + (37) ___ + (42) ___ + (47) ___ = _____
Slide33C = 14 + (3) ___ - (8) ___ + (13) ___ - (18) ___ + (23) ___ - (28) ___ + (33) ___ - (38) ___ + (43) ___ + (48) ___ = _____
N = 38 - (4) ___ + (9) ___ - (14) ___ + (19) ___ - (24) ___ - (29) ___ - (34) ___ - (39) ___ - (44) ___ - (49) ___ = _____
O = 8 + (5) ___ - (10) ___ + (15) ___ - (20) ___ + (25) ___ - (30) ___ + (35) ___ + (40) ___ + (45) ___ + (50) ___ = _____
Slide34The scores you calculate should be between zero and forty. Below is a description of each trait.
Extroversion (E) is the personality trait of seeking fulfillment from sources outside the self or in community. High scorers tend to be very social while low scorers prefer to work on their projects alone.
Slide35Agreeableness (A) reflects much individuals adjust their behavior to suit others. High scorers are typically polite and like people. Low scorers tend to 'tell it like it is'.
Slide36Conscientiousness (C) is the personality trait of being honest and hardworking. High scorers tend to follow rules and prefer clean homes. Low scorers may be messy and cheat others.
Slide37Neuroticism (N) is the personality trait of being emotional.
Slide38Openness to Experience (O) is the personality trait of seeking new experience and intellectual pursuits. High scores may day dream a lot. Low scorers may be very down to earth.
Slide39The Factor Analysis
Allows researchers to identify clusters of traits that are related to one another.
For example people who describe themselves as outgoing also describe themselves as talkative, active, and optimistic about the future.
You can cluster personality traits together.
Slide40The Five-Factor Model
A trait theory asserting that personality consists of five basic traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.)
Slide41Openness
You are adventurous-constantly searching out new ways to do things.
You are sensitive and passionate, with childlike wonder at the world.
If you score low you tend to be hardworking, loyal, and down-to-earth.
You are proud of your traditional values and feel these qualities are desirable.
Slide42Conscientiousness
Your willingness to conform to others expectations and follow through on what you agreed to do.
Well organized, dependable, hardworking, and ambitious.
If you score low you are the opposite unorganized, lazy, undependable.
If you score high as a teenager you are most likely thinking about planning your future.
Slide43Extroversion
Seek and enjoy other peoples company.
You tend to be confident, energetic, bold, and optimistic.
You handle social situations with ease and grace.
Have good social skills, are confident, and have a take-charge attitude.
If you score low you are a introvert you tend to be shy, quiet, and reserved.
Others might find it difficult to get to know you.
Slide44Agreeableness
Is a personality trait that ranges from friendliness to hostility.
If you rate high you tend to be good-natured, softhearted, courteous, and sympathetic.
Score low irritable, ruthless, rude, and tough-minded.
Slide45Neuroticism
Are negative emotions.
This personality trait describes hoe people differ in terms of being anxious, high-strung, insecure, and self-pitying verses relaxed, calm, secure, and content.
Slide46Do Animals have Personality
Slide47Social-Cognitive Perspective
Personality theory that examines how people analyze and use information about themselves and about others.
Slide48Reciprocal Determinism
The social-cognitive belief that your personality emerges from an ongoing mutual interaction among your cognitions and actions, and your environment.
Slide49Self- efficacy
Your belief about your ability to perform behaviors that should bring about desired outcome.
Slide50Do We Evaluate Ourselves Accurately?
Read and explain on page 321
Do you Agree or Disagree
Slide51Locus Of Control
The degree to which you expect that what happens to you in life depends on your own actions and personal qualities verses factors beyond your control.
Slide52Do the self discovery on page 322.
Look at 335 for scoring.
Slide53The four perspectives on Personality
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Trait
Social-Cognitive
Slide54Biology Shapes Personality Development.
Read together page 323
Slide5511.3 Measuring Personality
Describe projective personality tests.
Explain how objective personality tests differ from projective tests.
Slide56Projective Tests
A psychological test that asks you to respond to ambiguous stimuli in ways that reveal your unconscious motives and desires.
The most popular test is the Rorschach Inkblot test.
Slide57The tester and subject typically sit next to each other at a table, with the tester slightly behind the subject.
[23]
This is to facilitate a "relaxed but controlled atmosphere". There are ten official inkblots, each printed on a separate white card, approximately 18x24 cm in size.
[24]
Each of the blots has near perfect
bilateral symmetry
. Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
[25][26][27]
After the test subject has seen and responded to all of the inkblots (
free association
phase), the tester then presents them again one at a time in a set sequence for the subject to study: the subject is asked to note where he sees what he originally saw and what makes it look like that (
inquiry
phase). The subject is usually asked to hold the cards and may rotate them. Whether the cards are rotated, and other related factors such as whether permission to rotate them is asked, may expose personality traits and normally contributes to the assessment.
[28]
As the subject is examining the inkblots, the psychologist writes down everything the subject says or does, no matter how trivial. Analysis of responses is recorded by the test administrator using a tabulation and scoring sheet and, if required, a separate location chart.
[23]
Slide58The general goal of the test is to provide data about
cognition
and
personality
variables such as
motivations
, response tendencies, cognitive operations,
affectivity
, and personal/interpersonal
perceptions
. The underlying assumption is that an individual will class external stimuli based on person-specific perceptual sets, and including
needs
,
base motives
,
conflicts
, and that this clustering process is representative of the process used in real-life situations.
[29]
Methods of interpretation differ. Rorschach scoring systems have been described as a system of pegs on which to hang one's knowledge of personality.
[30]
The most widely used method in the United States is based on the work of
Exner
Slide59Administration of the test to a group of subjects, by means of projected images, has also occasionally been performed, but mainly for research rather than diagnostic purposes.
[23]
Test administration is not to be confused with test interpretation:
"The interpretation of a Rorschach record is a complex process. It requires a wealth of knowledge concerning personality dynamics generally as well as considerable experience with the Rorschach method specifically. Proficiency as a Rorschach
administrator
can be gained within a few months. However, even those who are able and qualified to become Rorschach
interpreters
usually remain in a "learning stage" for a number of years."
[23]
Slide60Features or categories
The interpretation of the Rorschach test is not based primarily on the contents of the response, i.e.,
what
the individual sees in the inkblot (the
content
). In fact, the contents of the response are only a comparatively small portion of a broader cluster of variables that are used to interpret the Rorschach data: for instance, information is provided by the time taken before providing a response for a card can be significant (taking a long time can indicate "shock" on the card).
[31]
as well as by any comments the subject may make in addition to providing a direct response.
[32]
In particular, information about
determinants
(the aspects of the inkblots that triggered the response, such as form and color) and
location
(which details of the inkblots triggered the response) is often considered more important than content, although there is contrasting evidence.
[33][34]
"Popularity" and "originality" of responses
[35]
can also be considered as basic dimensions in the analysis.
[36
Slide61Slide62Beck: two humans
Piotrowski
: four-legged animal (34%, gray parts)
Dana (France): animal: dog, elephant, bear (50%, gray)
The red details of
card II
are often seen as blood, and are the most distinctive features. Responses to them can provide indications about how a subject is likely to manage feelings of anger or physical harm. This card can induce a variety of sexual responses.
Slide63Slide64Beck: bat, butterfly, moth
Piotrowski
: bat (53%), butterfly (29%)
Dana (France): butterfly (39%)
When seeing
card I
, subjects often inquire on how they should proceed, and questions on what they are allowed to do with the card (e.g. turning it) are not very significant. Being the first card, it can provide clues about how subjects tackle a new and stressful task. It is not, however, a card that is usually difficult for the subject to handle, having readily available popular responses.
Slide65Thematic Apperception Test(TAT)
A test in which you “project” your inner feelings and motives through the stories you make up about pictures.
Slide66Objective Tests
A personality test that asks direct, clearly understood questions about your conscious thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Usually can be given in large groups true/false and or multiple questions.
Slide67Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory (MMPI)
An objective personality test consisting of true or false questions that measure various personality dimensions and clinical conditions such as depression.
Table 11-4
Slide68Make your own personality test.