to Personality Humanistic Approaches Humanistic theories developed in the 1960s Opposed the deterministic psychoanalytic and behavioral approaches that then dominated The humanistic approach emphasizes ID: 779362
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Slide1
The Humanistic Approach
to
Personality
Slide2Humanistic
Approaches
Humanistic theories
developed in the 1960s
Opposed the deterministic
psychoanalytic and
behavioral approaches that
then dominated
The
humanistic approach emphasizes
the following in personality development
conscious
free will
in one
’
s actions
,
the
uniqueness
of the individual person,
and
personal
growth
Slide3Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
is considered the father of the humanistic movement
He studied the lives of very
healthy and creative people to develop his theory of personality
Born
:
April 1, 1908,
Brooklyn
Died
:
June 8, 1970,
Menlo Park
Education
:
Columbia University
,
Slide4What motivates you to take action and make decisions in life?
Think of three things
Slide5Imagine…
You are being sent to live inside a bubble for one year. Write a list of 25 things you will need to take with you to survive.
When finished turn your paper over
Slide6How important are these things?
Slide7Slide8Setting goals
Why are goals so important for our personal well-being?
Slide9What is a need?
A lack of something required or desired
Needs motivate us to act!
Some needs are necessary for our survival
Others, only necessary for our personal fulfillment
Slide10Maslow
’s
hierarchy of needs
is an arrangement of innate needs that motivate our behavior, Strongest, most basic survival needs at the bottom of the pyramidAs you go up pyramid, needs are less crucial but important for personal fulfillment
Slide11Maslow
’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization
Self-
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
Slide12Maslow
’
s Hierarchy of Needs
Slide13Write each statement and determine which level of need is being met
I’m starving
Please lock the door
I hope I won’t get fired for that mistake
I will succeed with that new programI hope he likes meI wish they’d invite me to the party this Saturday
I want to lead that committee on campus improvementI hope they like my ideaI feel amazing when I play my guitarI’m exhaustedI’m glad I can afford to take a taxi home instead of walking
I’m really proud of who I’ve become as a person
Slide14Self-Actualization
Characteristics of self-actualized people include
Accepting themselves, others, and the nature of world for what they are
Having a need for privacy
and only a few close, emotional relationshipsBeing autonomous and
independent, democratic, and very creativeHaving peak experiences, which are experiences of deep
insight in which you experience
whatever you are doing as fully as possible
Slide15Self actualized?
Slide16Class collage – Maslow’s hierarchy
Flip through the magazines provided
Find images that pertain to each level of Maslow’s pyramid
Cut out the images, place them on the class collage at the appropriate level
Find as many as you can!
Slide17Maslow
’
s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-
Actualization
A growth-based need focused on the fullest realization of one
’
s potential, becoming all that one can be
Self-Esteem
Achievement mastery, gaining apprecia-tion from others for our achievements, and having a positive self-image
Social
Love, belongingness, affection, family relationships, and companionship
Safety
Being out of danger, feeling safe and secure
Physiological
Food, water, and air
Slide18Criticism of Maslow
Maslow hierarchy of needs is criticized for
being
based on
non-empirical (non-scientific) vague studies small number of people
Maslow subjectively selected as being self-actualized
Slide19Carl Rogers Self Theory
One of the founders of the humanistic approach to personality and therapy
Born
:
January 8, 1902, Oak Park
Died: February 4, 1987, San Diego
Slide20Roger
’s Self Theory
Carl Rogers was a client-centered therapist who dealt with young, bright college students with adjustment problems
Emphasized self-actualization
Believed people have a strong need for positive regard
– to be accepted by/receive affection from othersNeed for congruence (matching, overlap) between their ‘ideal’ self and ‘actual’ self
Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24Slide25Carl rogers video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m30jsZx_Ngs
Slide26Therapeutic Approach
Not directed, client simply expresses his/her self and unravels their own problem
Therapist listens and shows:
Genuineness
Unconditional positive regard Empathy Client feels safe, valued, heardMuch research to show this method works
Slide27Roger
’s Self Theory
Our parents set up
conditions of worth
, the behaviors and attitudes for which they would give us positive regardMeeting conditions of worth continues throughout life, and a person develops a self-concept of what others think he should beUnconditional positive regard
– acceptance and approval without conditionsEmpathy from others, and having others be genuine with respect to their own feelings is necessary if we are to self-actualizedNote that neither Maslow nor Roger’
s theories are research-based
Slide28College Reading
If you didn’t read last class’s assignment, catch up! 302 – 305, humanistic approach (Maslow and Rogers)
This class’s reading: 306 – 316 social-cognitive approach to personality, trait theories, projective tests
Slide29Projective tests
Look at the two images on your paper.
ABOVE the images, write what you see. Mention a
story
, emotions, what happened before, how things will turn out.Exchange and analyze. What can you tell about the person who analyzed each image.
Please be fair and mature about this!
Slide30How accurately were you analyzed?
Do you think this was an accurate way to assess your personality?
What were some biases in this process?
Slide31Projective Tests
Contain a series of ambiguous stimuli
Test taker describes what they see
Response analyzed, person’s inner conflicts and motivations revealed
Sample tests
Rorschach Inkblots Test Thematic Apperception Tests (TAT) Sentence completion test
Slide32Rorschach Inkblots Test
Contains 10 symmetric inkblots - need
mutliples
Examiner asks the test taker to clarify her responses by identifying the various parts of the inkblot that led to the response
Assumes the test taker’s responses are projections of their personal conflicts and personality dynamics
Widely used but not demonstrated to be reliable and valid - too subjective
Slide33Projective tests
Not valid – cant be said to accurately measure what they say they measure
Not reliable – don’t get consistent results over time or across analysts
Slide34Slide35Write your impression of this inkblot
Describe what you see
Describe any feelings associated with the image
DO NOT WRITE YOUR NAME ON THE CARD
Slide36Slide37Slide38Thematic Apperception Tests (TAT)
Consists of 19 cards ambiguous black and white pictures
Test taker has to make up a story for each card he sees
what happened before,
What is happening now, what the people are feeling and thinking,
and how things will turn outLooks for recurring themes in the responses
Scoring has yet to be demonstrated to be either reliable or valid
Slide39Slide40Slide41Slide42Slide43What are the pros and cons of projective tests?
Pros
Cons
Slide44Applications – how can projective tests be used in the real world?
Slide45http://tinyurl.com/mw74oc7
LAB 11 sentence completion
Go to this page, do lab 11 (skip 10)
Slide46Take the test:
http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp
Read your type:
https://www.personalitypage.com/html/portraits.html
What’s your MB type?
Slide47Slide48http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQoOqQiVzwQ
MBTI overview
Slide49http://tinyurl.com/mnman8w
Who are you in relationships?
Slide50Read your MB type and answer…
Is your type description accurate?
Are any statements inaccurate? Which ones?
Who is the best match for you as a lover/life partner?
Slide51Homework due next class
Find a personality quiz online or in a magazine
Take it. Screenshot proof of completion.
Think about the questions asked in the test.
Slide52Test question correlation
Mark each question with the MBTI dimension it is trying to measure
EI
NS
TFPJPut a dot under the letter (of the 2) that would agree with the statement
Q1 Ex: You are almost never late for your appointments
Slide53MBTI Line up!
What is the personality make up of this class?
Slide54Who cares?
Why is knowing your personality type useful?
MBTI is a trait test, not a projective test. What does this mean?
Slide55Slide56Big 5 Personality test
http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/
Slide57Big 5 Facets
Openness - ----------------------- +
Conscientiousness - ----------------------- +
Extraversion - ----------------------- +
Agreeableness - ----------------------- +Neuroticism - ----------------------- +
Slide58Tom’s Big 5 score
Tom is a musician who likes to go on road trips in his truck and play music at bars around the country.
He enjoys meeting people at the bars, he’s the life of the party.
He sleeps in his truck which is a mess.
He owes money on his car payments but doesn’t worry too much about late payments and damaging his credit score. His mom asks him to come home often. He ignores her and does what he wants.
Slide59Create your own Big
5 character
Describe a person of your creation
Draw a Big 5 facet scale and place them on it each facet, explaining why.
O - ----------------------- +C - ----------------------- +E - ----------------------- +A - ----------------------- +
N - ----------------------- +
Slide60Matchmaker activity
Sandy, heterosexual female, 31
“Serial
monogomist
”, has a long list of long term relationships, little single time in-betweenSmall circle of close friends she would do anything forGenerous with time, money, advice, affection
Plans beautiful parties for loved ones’ birthdays, weddings, special eventsDetail-oriented, notices what people are wearing each day and other observations
Slide61Answer the following questions about Sandy
What’s her
myers
briggs type?What types would be a good match for her?Whats the best combo for her on each facet?
II or IESS or SNFF or FTJJ or JPHow would she FEEL and REACT if her best friend picked her up for “brunch” but then took her to the airport and whisked her off on a surprise vacation?
Design the perfect man for Sandy. Describe his name, age, family background, personality and their wedding.
Slide62Matchmaker activity II
Simon, homosexual male, 25
Outgoing, friendly and down to earth
Likes to debate
Gets annoyed with his slobby roommates who are willing to live in a pig sty! Not afraid to complain to them either!Already has internships lined up, job applications written, well-organized computer files, ready to graduate from college and get to work!
Decided to move to east coast because that’s where the jobs are… even though it upsets his parents and friends that he’s going so far
Slide63What’s his
myers
briggs
type?
What types would be a good match for him?How would he FEEL and REACT if his best bud told him that he was gifting his other ticket to the Grammy’s to his disabled brother (even though they’re not that close)Design the perfect man for Simon. Describe his name, age, family background, personality and their wedding.
Slide64Take this online personality quiz
Color personality quiz,
youtube
(doesn’t work on
ipad)http://tinyurl.com/lcslhafWhat color did you choose?
Is the description of your personality accurate?Is any part of the description
inaccurate?
Slide65We are all fortune tellers!
Create “stock spiel” - a personality description that ANYONE would agree describes them
Mention at least 5 characteristics
At least 1 should be mildly negative (seems more realistic that way)
Slide66Observations of a person
Now, add 2 more comments based on your observation of ME, TODAY that describe my personality (imagine you’ve never seen me before and I’m paying you to read my fortune)
Clothes – style, cost, condition
Wedding ring?
Car PostureEye-contact
Nails/hands (manicure?)
Slide67Make your own personality test!
Will be included in exhibition magazine
Groups of 4 – 4 personality tests or fewer?
Different formats?
Slide68Slide69Slide70Slide71Slide72Slide73Generate a character!
Fold a paper in thirds
Slide741
st
minute – draw character’s head. Include
appearance
, and a speech bubble with character quote. 2nd minute – pass paper to left. Draw character’s torso. What are they holding? Draw an item that reflects their
job, hobbies or eating habits.3rd
minute – draw their bottom half. Include a
mode of transportation
, maybe a
background
that tells us something about the person.
4
th
minute – decide as a group what this character’s name, gender, age, occupation and Myers Briggs type are.
Slide75Brainstorm
What types of people are there?
Slide76Create your own personality quiz!
Read handout – this is your unit deliverable
It is your LAST exhibition piece at Da Vinci Design – make it good!
Do 17 magazine quiz (link on sheet)
Slide77What valentine’s day type of person are you?
http://www.seventeen.com/fun/quizzes/prom/valentines-day-personality-quiz
Slide78First step – create 4 detailed characters/personality types
What does your character do on weekends?
What does their house look like?
How do they eat? Sleep? Dress?
Who are their friends?What job do they have?How are they in relationships?What Myers Briggs type are they?
Slide79Personality type, and their response to Q
ANSWER CHOICE 1
Ex : Social butterfly
ANSWER CHOICE 2
ANSWER CHOICE 3
ANSWER CHOICE 4
Q1 Ex: You bump into your teacher on a night out – awkward – how do you react?
Smile big, say hello and ask what they’re doing here
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10
Slide80Al and Bill – projective test analysis
Read the answers to the 12 questions by two men, Al and Bill
Dispositional or situational?
Slide81Can a leopard change its spots?
(Homework)
Is personality fixed? Do people change their fundamental perspectives, values, emotional responses throughout life? Create a table such as the one below, and categorize each theorist as either fixed (deterministic) or flexible (nondeterministic). Explain why.
Theorist
Deterministic
Nondeterministic
Why?
Detailed
explanation with evidence from their theory
Freud (psychoanalyst)
B.F.
Skinner (behaviorist)
Maslow (humanist)Rogers (humanist)
Slide82-What is a Rorschach test?
-Who created the Rorschach test, and how was it originally used?
-How has the use of the Rorschach test changed over time?
-In what ways is the world a different place now than it was 80 years ago, when the
test was first created? -What are some other examples of psychological tests that are used in our society today? -How, in general, do these tests work? -What are some arguments for and against the use of tests like these in our society
today?
Slide83a. How long ago was the Rorschach test first created?
b. How often is this test used today? Chapter 10: Psychological Assessment
www.nytimes.com
Jackie
Glasthal, The New York Times Learning Networkc. Why is this test considered controversial? d. What is a "projective" test? In addition to Rorschach, what are some other examples of projective tests? e. To what purposes do some psychologists recommend these tests be limited? Why
do other psychologists disagree? f. Where did Dr. Hermann Rorschach first get the idea for this inkblot test baring his name? g. What are some of the criteria that experts use to help them score Rorschach tests?
h. Who developed systematic rules for scoring Rorschach tests that are still used
today? About how long does it take to train a clinician in the use of these systematic
rules?
i
. In what types of situations do some experts consider Rorschach tests to be most
useful?
j. In what situations are Rorschach tests used today that can dramatically affect
peoples' lives? k. What does the term "overpathologize" mean, as it is used in this article? l. What does Dr. Weiner means when he says, "Tests don't 'overpathologize.' That's done by the person who interprets them"? m. How does Dr. Meyer compare psychological tests like the Rorschach with medical tests like ultrasounds and M.R.I.'s?