the breaking down of rocks on the Earths surface the small pieces are moved from one place to another the small pieces or Sediments are deposited or laid down ID: 766810
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________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS
Igneous Rock
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering
Weathering: the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface by…Wind abrasion Wind easily picks up and moves sand particles. The sharp edges of the sand particlesscrape off small pieces of exposed rocks.
Water abrasion Running water carries along loose rocks and other particles. The moving rocks and particles collide, scrape against one another, and eventually break
Changes in temperature Rocks expand when heated, contract when cooled. The repeated changes in temp. cause particles of the surface of the rock to crack or flake off. Water may seep into a small crack in the rock. The water freezing/ contracting, and heating/expanding causes the rock to break into pieces (potholes in roads)
Chemicals Some rocks dissolve in water (H20), Acid rain water mixing with gases/chemicals in atmosphere, often wears away &/orspeeds up the decomposition of rocks
Organic activity Roots of plants loosen/crack rock material
Crayon shavings represent sediment caused from weathering & erosion
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion
Erosion: the small pieces of weathered rock & soil are movedfrom one place to another by… wind
gravity
water
glaciers
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition
Deposition: the small pieces, or sediments, are deposited,or laid down, in new places
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction
Compaction: the particles of sediment are squeezed together
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation
Cementation: the particles of sediment begin to stick together deposition compaction cementation
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation SEDIMENTARY
Compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock
Sedimentary Rock
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation SEDIMENTARY heat
Deep within the Earth's crust rocks can be put under huge pressures and temperatures are very high. These conditions can cause the minerals in the rock to change. This process is called metamorphism. (crayons are again wrapped in aluminum foil, dunked into hot water for a few moments, then squished again) Heat & Pressure
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation SEDIMENTARY heat METAMORPHIC
Metamorphic Rock
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation SEDIMENTARY heat METAMORPHIC melting
It can get quite hot deep in the Earth's crust. In fact, it can get so hot that the rocks that make up the crust can actually begin to melt. This molten material is called magma. It is less dense than the surrounding rock so it tends to move upwards through the crust. Melting: Rocks melt & become magma
Now, there are 2 possibilities…
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation SEDIMENTARY heat METAMORPHIC melting extrusion
Extrusion: the magma is forced Out in a volcanic eruption
The rocks that form from extruded magma are called extrusive igneous rocks. Basalt and pumice are extrusive igneous rocks. 1. Are very fine grained - magma cools very quickly when it erupts onto the Earth's surface and the crystals in the rock don't have much time to grow. 2. May contain gas bubbles.Igneous Rocks
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation SEDIMENTARY heat METAMORPHIC melting extrusion intrusion
Molten rock can sometimes form huge reservoirs called magma chambers within the Earth's crust. Left undisturbed over many hundreds of thousands of years this magma will cool and crystallise Intrusion : Magma cools and crystalizes inside the Earth
Igneous Rock 1. Are large grained - magma cools very slowly beneath the Earth's surface so the crystals in the rock have a long time to grow.2. Are made up of angular interlocking crystals.
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation SEDIMENTARY heat METAMORPHIC melting extrusion intrusion
________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small piecesare moved from one place to another_________________: the small pieces, orSediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places_____________________: sediment issqueezed together____________________: sediment beginsto stick together _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock _____________________ (rocks become magma) ______________: magma forced outby volcanic eruption ___________: magma cools & crystalizes insidethe Earth ______________ rock