What are the verb tenses Present and present perfect Past and past perfect Future and future perfect Consistency of tense Modals Review A Review B What are the verb tenses Verbs do a lot of work in sentences They show actions and states of being They even take different forms ID: 621987
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Slide1
Understanding verb tense
What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
Past and past perfect
Future and future perfect
Consistency of tense
Modals
Review A
Review BSlide2
What are the verb tenses?
Verbs do a lot of work in sentences. They show actions and states of being. They even take different forms to show time.
flies
flew
will flySlide3
Gwen
plays
guitar in a jazz band.
The
tense
of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb.
Past
Future
Present
Present Perfect
She
has played
in the band for three years.
Future
Future Perfect
Perfect
tenses indicate that something happened or existed
before
a specific point in time.
Gwen
will play
in a concert tomorrow.
She
will have played
in
ten concerts by April.
Past
Gwen
played
last year as well.
Past Perfect
She
had played
violin before then.
Present
What are the verb tenses?Slide4
The tenses of verbs are formed from the four
principal parts
of verbs.
Present Participle
Base Form
Past
Past Participle
smile
choose
[is] smil
[is] choos
ing
smile
d
cho
se
[have] smile
d
[have] cho
sen
ing
What are the verb tenses?Slide5
Each tense has a
progressive form,
which is used to express continuing action or state of being.
What are the verb tenses?
Present progressive
am, are, is talking
Past progressive
was, were talking
Future progressive
will (shall) be talking
Present perfect progressive
has, have been talking
Past perfect progressive
had been talking
Future perfect progressive
will (shall) have been talking
Slide6
What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
The
present tense
expresses an action or a state of being that is occurring now, at the present time.
Today we
honor our veterans.
Polly
is marching
in the parade.
(Progressive form)Slide7
What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
The present tense is also used in these ways:
In
Grapes of Wrath,
Steinbeck
shows us the extremes of life during the depression.
to discuss a literary work
(literary present)
In 1927, Charles Lindbergh flies nonstop across the Atlantic.
to make historical events seem current
(historical present)
The sun
rises
in the east.
to express a general truth
We
recycle
our aluminum cans.
to show a customary or habitual action or state of being
We
travel
to Utah next month.
to express future timeSlide8
What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
The
present perfect tense
is usually formed using the
helping verb
have or
has plus the past participle
expresses an action or a state of being that occurred at an indefinite time in the past
Mike has been in several parades.
He
has played the drum in all of them.Slide9
What are the verb tenses?
A
helping verb
(also called an
auxiliary verb
) is used with a main verb to create a verb phrase.
I was reading a novel by Sandra Cisneros.
I
was
reading a novel by Sandra Cisneros.
I
was reading a book by Sandra Cisneros.
Helping verb
Main verb
Verb phrase
Some commonly used helping verbs include
is, are, has, had, did, does, can, could, should,
and
will.Slide10
What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
The
present perfect tense
is also used to express an action or state of being that began in the past and continues into the present. In this case,
perfect
means complete.
Yoko has been taking flute lessons for six years.
Mr. Lee
has taught music at our school since 2004.
(Progressive form)Slide11
What are the verb tenses?
Past and past perfect
The
past tense
expresses an action or a state of being that occurred in the past but did not continue into the present.
They
were swinging
for a long time.
The two friends shared the large swing.
(Progressive form)Slide12
What are the verb tenses?
Past and past perfect
The
past perfect tense
is usually formed using
had
plus the past participle
expresses an action or a state of being that ended before another past action or state of being occurred
After Maria had gone home, Kim was bored.
She asked her dad about the time that he
had been
a lifeguard at the beach. Slide13
What are the verb tenses?
Future and future perfect
The
future tense
is usually formed using
will
or shall plus the base form
expresses an action or a state of being that will occur
My family
will ride the train to Chicago.
We will be
arriving at five o’clock.
(Progressive form)Slide14
What are the verb tenses?
Grammar Gal Says...
We can also express future action in other ways.
We
are going to make
our own costumes.
They
are about to begin
the awards ceremony.
I
have
a test tomorrow.Slide15
What are the verb tenses?
Future and future perfect
The
future perfect tense
is usually formed using
will have
or shall have plus the past participle
expresses an action or a state of being that will end before another future action or state of being
By the time you receive this letter, she
will have returned home.
After this trip, he will have been
to Chicago three times. Slide16
1. Lia
will begin
the yard work later.
Lia
will have begun
the yard work by noon.
Identify the tense of each verb in bold. Be prepared to explain the difference in meaning between the sentences in each pair.
What are the verb tenses?
2. Jamie
lived
there for three years.
Jamie
has been living
there for three years.
3. Some of the girls
were practicing
karate.
Some of the girls
have practiced
karate.Slide17
What are the verb tenses?
1. Lia
will begin
the yard work later.
Lia
will have begun
the yard work before eating lunch.
Identify the tense of each verb in bold. Be prepared to explain the difference in meaning between the sentences in each pair.
future tense
future perfect tense
Expresses an action (beginning the yard work) that will occur in the future (later).
Expresses an action (beginning the yard work) that will be complete before some future action takes place (lunch).Slide18
What are the verb tenses?
Identify the tense of each verb in bold. Be prepared to explain the difference in meaning between the sentences in each pair.
past tense
present perfect progressive
The action (lived) occurred in the past and did not continue into the present.
The action (has been living) was occurring in the past and continues into the present.
2. Jamie
lived
there for three years.
Jamie
has been living
there for three years.Slide19
What are the verb tenses?
Identify the tense of each verb in bold. Be prepared to explain the difference in meaning between the sentences in each pair.
past progressive
present perfect tense
The action (practicing) was occurring in the past and did not continue into the present.
The action (practiced) occurred in the past and continues into the present.
3. Some of the girls
were practicing
karate.
Some of the girls
have practiced
karate.Slide20
[End of Section]
Change the tense of the verb in each sentence, as indicated in parentheses.
1. I do not miss the bus. (Change to future.)
2. Were they at the party? (Change to past perfect.)
3. By then, Keith had returned. (Change to future perfect.)
4. The team will practice for an hour with no break. (Change to future perfect progressive.)
5. My sister dances well. (Change to past.)
On Your Own
What are the verb tenses?Slide21
Change the tense of the verb in each sentence, as indicated in parentheses.
1. I do not miss the bus. (Change to future.)
2. Were they at the party? (Change to past perfect.)
3. By then, Keith had returned. (Change to future perfect.)
4. The team will practice for an hour with no break. (Change to future perfect progressive.)
5. My sister dances well. (Change to past.)
Answers
What are the verb tenses?
1. I
will not miss
the bus.
2.
Had
they
been
at the party?
3. By then, Keith
will have returned.
4. The team
will have been practicing
for an hour with no break.
5. My sister
danced
well.
Slide22
Consistency of tense
Do not change needlessly from one tense to another.
To describe events that occur at the same time, use verbs in the same tense.
Sara
peeked
over the fence and
saw
a cornfield.
Sara peeks over the fence and sees a cornfield.
past tense
past tense
present tense
present tenseSlide23
Consistency of tense
For events that occur at different times, use verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of events.
The pitcher
wished
that he
had practiced more before the game.
past tense
past perfect tense
The action of wishing happened after the action of practicing was complete. Slide24
Consistency of tense
For events that occur at different times, use verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of events.
Yesterday, Nina
told
us that her brother
works
every week at the senior center.
past tense
The action of telling occurred at a specific time in the past. The action of working occurs now.
present tenseSlide25
1. Kira caught the ball and throws it to first base.
2. Lily lives next door now but will soon move to another town.
3. My cousin has broken his leg, so I helped him get around.
Change each sentence to make the verb tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C).
Consistency of tenseSlide26
Consistency of tense
Possible Answer
1. Kira caught the ball and
threw
it to first base.
The actions occur at the same time, so the verbs should both be in the same tense.
Change each sentence to make the verb tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C). Slide27
Consistency of tense
The action of living takes place now, but the action of moving will happen later.
Change each sentence to make the verb tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C).
2. Lily lives next door now but will soon move to another town.
CSlide28
Consistency of tense
Possible Answer
The action of breaking the leg happened before the action of helping.
Change each sentence to make the verb tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C).
3. My cousin
had
broken
his leg, so I helped him get around.
Slide29
Consistency of tense
[End of Section]
On Your Own
Proofread the paragraph for unnecessary changes of verb tense. Change the verbs to make the tenses consistent.
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours. (2) To my surprise, Nancy Chang drops by. (3) She dashed into the house, runs up the stairs, and calls my name. (4) What she wanted was a fishing companion. (5) As I get my fishing gear together, I was so happy. (6) On our way to the lake, we notice some dark clouds. (7) We wished we checked the weather first. Slide30
Consistency of tense
Possible Answers
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours. (2) To my surprise, Nancy Chang drops by. (3) She dashed into the house, runs up the stairs, and calls my name. (4) What she wanted was a fishing companion. (5) As I get my fishing gear together, I was so happy. (6) On our way to the lake, we notice some dark clouds. (7) We wished we checked the weather first.
dropped
ran
called
got
noticed
hadSlide31
Modals
A
modal
is a helping verb that is joined with a main verb or an infinitive to express an attitude toward the action or state of being of the main verb.
Helping verbs used as modals
can
could
may
might
must
ought
shall
should
will
wouldSlide32
Modals
The modal
can
or
could is used to express ability.
Tammy
can play point guard in the second half.
The team could have made
better shots.Slide33
Modals
The modal
may
is used to express permission or possibility.
Yes, you may
borrow my sweater.
I might
give some of my clothing to charity.
The modal might is used to express possibility.
Permission
My clothes closet
may
be
too full.
PossibilitySlide34
Might/May
Grammar Gal Says...
Often, the possibility expressed by
might
is less likely than the possibility expressed by
may.
The mechanic said the brakes
may
need work.
We
might
finish early, but I doubt it.
likely
less likelySlide35
Modals
The modal
must
is used most often to express a requirement. Sometimes,
must
is used to express an explanation.
We must conserve energy in our homes.
My brother
must have left the lights on.
Requirement
ExplanationSlide36
Modals
The modal
ought
is used to express an obligation or a likelihood.
Reggie ought to
study harder for math quizzes.
The next quiz ought to be
more difficult than the last one.
ObligationLikelihoodSlide37
Modals
The modal
will
or
shall is used to express future time.
After reviewing the entries, the panel
will announce the winner.
I shall
enter my painting in the contest.Slide38
Will/Shall
Grammar Gal Says...
While
will
and
shall
are both used to express future time,
shall
can be used in another way–to express intention.
Tim
will
look at your car tomorrow.
Tim
shall
look at your car tomorrow.
future time
intentionSlide39
Modals
The modal
should
is used to express a recommendation, an obligation, or a possibility.
Terrell should
leave soon to catch the bus.
All students should get
to school on time.
RecommendationObligation
Possibility
Should
you
arrive
late, please go to the office first.Slide40
Modals
The modal
would
is used to express the conditional form of a verb. In other words, it is used to express a situation that is contrary to fact.
If the weather had been more pleasant, they
would
have gone on a picnic.
Mrs. Chang
would be
happy to prepare food if you bring the plates and forks. Slide41
Modals
Would
can also be used to express future time in a subordinate clause when the main verb in the independent clause is in the past tense.
They promised us that they would bring the music.
past tense verb
Main clause
They
promised
us that they
would
bring
the music.
Subordinate clause
modal expresses future timeSlide42
Modals
Would
is sometimes used to express
Every day she
would
wake early and
feed the hens.
Would you
like a nice, fresh salad?
an action that was repeated in the past
an invitation or offer
a polite request
Would
you please
bring
me those books?Slide43
1. The weather report said it may snow.
2. I tried, but I could not learn the program.
3. All participants must return their permission slips by Friday.
Identify the modal in each of the following sentences. Be prepared to tell what is expressed by the modal.
ModalsSlide44
Identify the modal in each of the following sentences.
Modals
1. The weather report said it
may
snow.
The modal
may
expresses possibility.Slide45
Identify the modal in each of the following sentences.
Modals
The modal
could
expresses ability.
2. I tried, but I
could
not learn the program.Slide46
Identify the modal in each of the following sentences.
Modals
The modal
must
expresses a requirement.
3. All participants
must
return their permission slips by Friday.
Slide47
Modals
[End of Section]
Supply an appropriate modal for each sentence.
1. Jen _____ have cleaned out the garage yesterday.
2. _____ you please help Merrill with that large box?
3. You _____ probably guess what I am about to say.
4. If the train had been faster, we _____ have arrived sooner.
5. I’m not certain, but I think Dad _____ be cooking stew for dinner tonight.
On Your OwnSlide48
Modals
Possible Answers
Supply an appropriate modal for each sentence.
1. Jen
must
have cleaned out the garage yesterday.
2.
Would
you please help Merrill with that large box?
3. You
can
probably guess what I am about to say.
5. I’m not certain, but I think Dad
might
be cooking stew for dinner tonight.
4. If the train had been faster, we
would
have arrived sooner.Slide49
Review A
Change the tense of each boldface verb to the tense indicated in parentheses.
1. The otter
swam
to the edge of the pond. (present perfect)
2. Our class
will read
Shakespeare’s
Macbeth
. (future progressive)
3. The three sisters regularly
meet for lunch. (past)
4. Each student
chooses
a lab partner.
(past perfect)
5. Wasps
were entering
the house through the torn screen. (present)
Slide50
Review A
Change the tense of each boldface verb to the tense indicated in parentheses.
1. The otter
has swum
to the edge of the pond. (present perfect)
2. Our class
will be reading
Shakespeare’s
Macbeth
. (future progressive)
3. The three sisters regularly
met
for lunch. (past)
4. Each student
has chosen
a lab partner.
(past perfect)
5. Wasps
enter
the house through the torn screen. (present)
Slide51
Review B
[End of Section]
1. Colleen _____ almost reach the light bulb. (shows ability)
2. Jack _____ repair the bicycle tomorrow. (future tense)
3. Most of the girls _____ already left. (present perfect)
4. I _____ attend the concert if only I had more time. (shows a condition)
5. Tamara opens the refrigerator and _____ inside. (consistent tense)
Supply an appropriate modal, helping verb, or main verb to complete each sentence correctly. The hints in parentheses will help you.Slide52
Review B
Supply an appropriate modal, helping verb, or main verb to complete each sentence correctly. The hints in parentheses will help you.
(Some answers may vary.)
1. Colleen
can
almost reach the light bulb. (shows ability)
2. Jack
will
repair the bicycle tomorrow. (future tense)
3. Most of the girls
have
already left. (present perfect)
4. I
would
attend the concert if only I had more time. (shows a condition)
5. Tamara opens the refrigerator and
looks
inside. (consistent tense)Slide53
The End