Presentation to IR4 IS00368 Anne Crow Ph D September 23 2019 Seeking EPA Registration for Use on Growing Food Crops Preliminary results spraying chlorine dioxide treated water on apple orchards shows promise in controlling fire blight ID: 1026018
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1. CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT WITH SODIUM CHLORITE/CHLORINE DIOXIDEPresentation to IR-4 IS00368Anne Crow, Ph. DSeptember 23, 2019
2. Seeking EPA Registration for Use on Growing Food CropsPreliminary results spraying chlorine dioxide treated water on apple orchards shows promise in controlling fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)Residual levels of chlorine dioxide in range of drinking water and organic standardsApplications to vineyards, pome, stone crops
3. Sodium Chlorite/Chlorine Dioxide OverviewChlorine dioxide is powerful antimicrobial Sodium Chlorite + Acid Chlorine Dioxide (EPA Reg.)Chlorine dioxide is NOT: chlorine or bleach.Chlorine dioxide does not produce halogenated by-products.Degrades in sunlight to chloride, chlorite, chlorate
4. Regulatory OverviewSodium chlorite/chlorine dioxide currently registered as antimicrobial for use in many applications, including:Human drinking waterAgricultural post harvest Agricultural irrigation water systemsWe are seeking EPA registration for use on growing food crops
5. Preliminary Results PromisingLab tests on Erwynia amylovora Amit Dhingra, Ph. D., Biotechnology Program, Washington State UniversityField Tests Apple trees, foliar spray2 to 25 ppm chlorine dioxide in water solution100-300 gallons treated water solution per acreFrom pre-bloom to petal fall, any blight incidents
6. Field Test ResultsNeighbor2ppm5ppm10ppm25ppmEntire Ranch2 strikes per area0strike per area1 strike per area1 strike per area Averaged 4-5 blight strikes per treeTrial Orchard
7. Application ResidualsOctober 2018 Collection PointClO2 (ppm)Spray tank18.3Tree Drip0.13Ground0.14Drinking Water MRDL0.8
8. Drinking Water and Certified Organic
9. Proposed Tolerance AmendmentCurrent Tolerances:40 CFR 180.940(b) and (c) –oxychlorospecies in antimicrobial formulation exempt when applied to dairy and food processing equipment and utensils40 CFR 180.1070 –sodium chlorite is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance for residues when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as a seed-soak treatment in the growing of the raw agricultural commodities vegetable, brassica, leafy, group 5, and radish, roots and radish, tops.Proposed Tolerance Amendment:40 CFR 180.1070 –sodium chlorite is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance for residues when: (a) used in accordance with good agricultural practice as a seed-soak treatment … (b) used as a microbiocide in accordance with good agricultural practice on the growing crops pome fruit, stone fruit, tree nut, and grape.
10. Proposed Label: AQUA CLEAR 7.5Sublabel A- Antimicrobial/Industrial UsesAll industrial uses currently approvedSubstantially similar to EPA Reg. No. 9150-7Sublabel B – Agricultural Food Crop UsesControl fire blight in apples, pears, cherries, almondsControl gray mold, sour rot, powdery mildew, Phomopsis in grapes
11. Proposed Label (cont’d)AQUA CLEAR 7.5Use RatesChlorine dioxide solution concentration 0.25-25 ppmSolution per acre 100-300 galEquivalent lbs chloride dioxide per acre 0.0002-0.06Maximum yearly application rate per acre 3.75 lbsClO2Maximum single application rate per acre 0.06 lbsClO2Retreatment interval 24-hr (during blossom) 7-days (thereafter)Pre-harvest interval 0 daysRe-entry interval 4 hours
12. Where Do We Go From Here?21CFR173.325Raw Agricultural Commodities ProposedContact: Tony McNamara, President, CH2O, Inc.