Clinical Tests 3 rd Stage 1 st Semester shukurwasmantiueduiq httpstiueduiq 2020 2021 TIU Faculty of Science Medical Analysis Department ID: 908333
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Shukur
W
Smail/Assistant lecturer_____________________________________________Clinical Tests – 3rd Stage /1st Semester
shukur.wasman@tiu.edu.iq
https://tiu.edu.iq/
2020 - 2021
TIU - Faculty of Science
Medical Analysis Department
Carcinoembryonic Antigen And Alpha-fetoprotein Test
Lecture
7 (part one)
Slide2Carcinoembryonic Antigen And Alpha-fetoprotein Test
Slide3What Is Carcinoembryonic Antigen?
CEA is a
glycoprotein that is normally produced during fetal development.Healthy adults
should have very low levels of CEA or stop
Elevated during:
Lung cancer
Colorectal cancer
Slide4When will doctor order this test?
To monitor cancer treatment
To see if cancer has spread to certain areas(metastases)
To monitor Cancer staging
tumor marker used to monitor cancer
Slide5Normal range:
CEA in an adult non-smoker is <2.5 ng/ml
In an adult smoker <5.0 ng/ml
Slide6Specimen require:
Gel tube
Red tope tube Tourniquet
Sample require:
Blood
Body fluid like(cerebrospinal fluid)
Slide7INSTRUMENT USED:
ELISA
radioimmunoassaysfluorescence immunoassays
chemiluminescence
immunoassays
Slide8Interpretation result:
levels of CEA occur when the CEA is higher than 3 ng/mL, cause
by:
Chronic smokingcirrhosis
Slide9Interpretation result:
Levels of CEA higher than 20 ng/mL are considered very high, its mean
After treatment, its mean the cancer not removed successfullythe cancer has metastasized
Slide10False positive or negative due to:
There are also many benign (non-cancerous) and inflammatory conditions that can increase CEA
leading to false positive results, include:smoking
Pancreatitis
Lung infections
Liver disorders
Slide11what is the alternative test?
Slide12In Kurdistan (CEA) is
order for after your diagnosis to help your doctor find right treatment, during treatment to see how well chemotherapy, radiation, surgery or other therapies have worked, or the cancer come back after
treatment, and ordered by oncologist (medicine oncologists, pediatric oncologists, gynecologic oncologists).
Slide13Slide14What is Alpha fetoprotein?
AFP
is a protein made in the liver of developing baby
AFP
has immunoregulatory properties
Healthy adults should have very low levels of AFP
Elevated during:
Pregnancy
Hepatitis
Chronic liver disease
Hepatomas
Teratomas
Ovarian and testicular cancer
Slide15When will doctor order this test?
Screening for birth defect
Monitor progression of certain cancer
Monitor and check of treatment of cancer
Monitor liver disease
Slide16Sample and specimen require for sample collection:
Blood
Amniotic fluid
Urine
Tourniquet
Plane tube
Gel tube
Slide17Instrument used:
ARCHITECT
ELISA
Chemiluminescence
immunoassay analyzer
Radioimmunoassay analyzer(Gamma counter)
Slide18Normal range:
For pregnant woman AFP levels between week 15 and 20 weeks ranges between 10ng/ml to 150ng/ml
AFP level for men and non-pregnant women range from 0ng/ml to 40ng/ml.
Slide19Interpretation of the result:
Level below normal range:
Level above normal range:In pregnant woman indicator for:
For pregnant woman indicator for down syndrome of fetus.
For patient are under treatment means treatment work
Neural tube defect
Gastroschesis
Omphalocele
Slide20For men and non-pregnant woman indicator for:
Testicular & ovarian cancer
Yolk sac
tumuor
Hepatitis
Hepatocellular cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Ataxia telangiectasia
germ cell tumor
Cancer spread or metastasized
Slide21False positive or negative result due to:
Test performed 2 weeks after
radiodiagnosis
Gestational diabetes
Multiple gestation
smoking
Weight
Race.
Alternative test are:
Slide23In Kurdistan (AFP) are order for detect neural tube defect and liver disease and ordered by gynecologist and urologist.
Slide24Shukur
W
Smail/Assistant lecturer_____________________________________________Clinical Tests – 3rd Stage /1st Semester
shukur.wasman@tiu.edu.iq
https://tiu.edu.iq/
2020 - 2021
TIU - Faculty of Science
Medical Analysis Department
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) (Free+Tottal) test
Lecture
7 (part two)
Slide25What is PSA (Free+Total)?What is PSA test use for?
Slide26Blood (serum)
Preferred: Serum gel
Acceptable: Red topHow to do the PSA test?
Slide27Instruments use for measurement:
Sangia Total Prostate Specific AntigenCobas e411
Cobas 6000 Eurolyser CUBEElecsys e411
Slide28When are these tests ordered ?
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
Slide29What are the normal ranges of PSA (Free+Total) test ?
Slide30Do all the elevations of PSA level indicate the presence of prostate cancer ?
Number of benign (not cancerous )conditions can cause a man’s PSA level to rise :
Prostatitis (Inflamation of prostate)Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Enlargment of prostate)Urinary tract infection Recent sexual activityRecent long bike ride
Slide31What are the false results of PSA test
Slide32What are the alternative tests for PSA test ?
PCA3Serum kallikreins
Serum detectable prostate specific membrane antigenEPCA,EPCA-2Prostatic acid phosphate
Slide33Thanks for your attention
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