P1 – Describe the Structure & Function of the Skeletal System - PowerPoint Presentation

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P1 – Describe the Structure & Function of the Skeletal System

Unit 1 – Principles of Anatomy & Physiology in Sport

The Skeletal System

Consists of 206 bones

Bones = living tissue, constantly adapting to stresses placed on them

Split into Axial &

Appendicular

skeleton

Has different types of bones

Has a number of functions

Bones meet together at joints

Cranium

Mandible

Sternum

Rib

Vertebral Column

Pelvis

Sacrum

Coccyx

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Ischium

Cranium – box like structure

brain sits inside

protects the brain

made up of a number of different bones

bones fuse together between 1-3 yrs old

Mandible – jaw bone

Sternum – breast bone long, flat bone centre of chest

Ribs

– long, flat bones

12 pairs

1

st

7 pairs attached to sternum other 5 pairs called false ribsPelvis – made up of 2 sets of 3 bones

Ilium – upper wing like bones, provides the sockets for the hip bones, upper edge = iliac crest Pubis

– pubic bone, front of the pelvis Ischium – lower, posterior bones, sitting bones

Clavicle – collar bone

long, thin bone

makes up the anterior (front) of the

shoulder girdle

is a strong, mobile attachment for arms

Scapula – large, triangle shape

back (posterior) part of shoulder girdleHumerus – long bone, upper arm proximal head = shoulder joint

distal end = elbow joint

Ulna

– Forearm

little finger side

Radius

– forearm

thumb side moves around ulna when turning handCarpals – 8 short bones

wrist 2 rows of 4Metacarpals – 5 long bones palm of the hand

run from the carpals to each finger & thumb

Phalanges

– small long bones

fingers & toes

3 in each finger & toes

2 in each thumb & big toe

Femur – thigh bone longest & strongest

top (proximal end) sits in socket of pelvis bottom (distal end) forms the knee jointPatella – kneecap

large, triangle shaped sesamoid bone sits inside the quadriceps tendon protects knee joint

Tibia – shin bone

medial, thicker bone

proximal end = knee joint with femur

distal end = ankle joint

Fibula

– lateral, thinner bone non weight bearing

distal end = ankle jointTarsals – 7 bones (ankle)Metatarsals – 5 foot bones

Skeletal System Information

Appendicular

System

126 bones

Axial System

80 bones

Appendicular

System

126 bones

Upper body Lower body

Clavicle =

collar bone Pelvis = 2 x 3 bones

Scapula = Shoulder blade Femur = Thigh

Humerus = upper arm Patella = Kneecap

Radius = to the thumb Tibia = Shin

Ulna = to the little finger Fibular = Outside/ankle

Carpals = wrist

Tarsals

= under ankleMetacarpals = hand Metatarsals = FootPhalanges = fingers Phalanges = Toes

Axial System

80 bones

Skull = 28 bones

Hyoid

Sternum

Ribs = 12 pairsVertebral Column = 33 vertebrae

Vertebral Column

33 Bones – 5 Sections

C 1 - 7

T 1 - 12

L 1 - 5

S 1 - 5

Coccyx 1 - 4

Vertebral Column

Spine

33 irregular bones

Approx 40% of your height

Very small movement between each vertebrae

Lots of movement of spine altogether

Bones

Living tissue =

grow during childhood

Bleed & hurt if damaged

Able to repair if broken

Ossification – a hardening process that takes place when bones mature. Makes bones solid

structures that can withstand a lot of pressure/stresses.Collagen = resilienceCalcium = strength

Types of BonesF.L.I.S.S.

F

L

I

S

S

lat

Protection

Scapula, sternum, ribs, pelvis

ong

Movement

Femur, humorus, tibia

rregular

Shape

Vertebrae, facial bones

hort

Cube shaped

Carpals, tarsals

esamoid

Inside a tendon

Patella