Energy consumption grid connection for FCC ee JeanPaul Burnet CERN Technical and Infrastructure Working Group Electricity amp Energy Management Work Package FCC Week 2023 London 2 ID: 1011774
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2. Update of the power demandEnergy consumption, grid connectionfor FCC-eeJean-Paul Burnet (CERN) Technical and Infrastructure Working Group Electricity & Energy Management Work PackageFCC Week 2023London2
3. 3AbstractThe FCC-ee will be the largest accelerator ever built and it requires to be connected to the European grid for electricity supply. The power demand is a key parameter to define the grid connection. The identification of the main loads was performed and presented in 2022 as well as the energy consumption depending on the machine configurations. The studies for grid connection were launched based on these numbers and the results will be presented. Last changes and optimisation of the machine parameters will be presented with their impact on the grid connection.
4. 4Update of the power demand / main loads for FCC-eeEstimation of energy consumption per machine configurationsDistribution of the power demand by points and by beam modesGrid connectionsContentElectricity & Energy Management
5. 5Energy loss from synchrotron radiation limited to 50MW per beamPower demand for RF Storage ring Z, W, HPRF = 100MWPEL = 100 / ηklystron / ηmodulator / ηdistribution PEL= 100 / 0.8 / 0.9 / 0.95 = 146MWBoosterPRF = 15% PRF storage (1 beam) = 7.5MWPEL = 7.5 / ηklystron / ηmodulator / ηdistributionPELav = PEL * booster duty cycle = 1.7MWNewcomers: Solid-State amplifiers for 800MHz cavities (low power <100kW per cavity).Booster, from H to Ttbar at 100%.Collider, TTbar only, at 20%. 80% still with klystron.Solid-state amplifiers have lower efficiency (60%) but the impact is limited (only 20% of the load).Radio-frequency systemsElectricity & Energy Management Storage ringZ, W, HBeam Energy (GeV)45.6PRF (MW)100Klystron efficiency0.8PRF EL (MW)146BoosterZ, WBeam Energy (GeV)45.6PRFb (MW)7.5Klystron efficiency0.8Booster duty cycle0.15PRFb EL (MW)215-Feb-23ZWHttbar2 colliderboostercolliderboostercolliderboostercollidercolliderboosterRF source type400 MHz - 1 MW klystron800 MHz - 400 kW klystron400 MHz - 1 MW klystron800 MHz - 400 kW klystron400 MHz - 1 MW klystron 800 MHz - 50 kW solid state amplifier 400 MHz - 50 kW solid state amplifier800 MHz - 400 kW klystron800 MHz - 50 kW solid state amplifierFrequency [MHz]400800400800400800400800800Pcav [kW]8801763858837944451818Prf conditioning [kW]220449622951111452# cavities / RF sources122421124# RF sources1121412814130112260244150
6. 6Cryogenic systems needed for RF cavitiesStorage ringCryo power demand varies Z, W, H, ttbarProposal for R&D on high Q0 800MHz cavities.New baseline Q0=3.1010, 20MV/m, could reduce the cryogenics power by 27%.Proposal for R&D on centrifugal compressors, from 230We/W to 170We/W could reduce the cryogenic power demand again by 25% (26MW for TTbar). Cryogenic systemsElectricity & Energy Management 2022ZWHTTBeam Energy (GeV)45.680120182.5Pcryo (MW)1,312,615,847,52023ZWHTTBeam Energy (GeV)45.680120182.5Pcryo (MW)1,512.212.935Q0 =3.1010-27% for TTbarCryogenics only significative at TtbarLast 4 years of operationThree scenarios are considered:Conservative: 230 Wel/W or 28.8 % of Carnot efficiency (LHC-like – CDR values) the baseline!Intermediate: 210 Wel/W or 31.5 % of Carnot efficiency (With an optimized process) appears not achievableOptimistic: 170 Wel/W or 39 % of Carnot efficiency (With centrifugal compressors) strong R&D effort needed
7. 7Energy loss in magnetsMagnet losses storage ringPmagnets = 56MW from CDRPcables = 20MW (rough estimation)PELmagnets = 76 / ηconversion / ηdistribution PELmagnets = 76 / 0.9 / 0.95 = 89MWA lot of magnet families still unknown, inner triplet, single quadrupoles, octupoles, correctors… They should have a limited impact on the power demand <10%.Change since 2022:Power dissipated in DC cables is now calculated at 24MW. Optimization on-going.Storage Ring Magnet systemsElectricity & Energy Management Storage RingZWHTTBeam Energy (GeV)45.680120182.5Magnet current25%44%66%100%Power ratio6%19%43%100%Dipoles (MW)0.82.65.813.3Quadrupoles (MW)1.44.39.822.6Sextupoles (MW)1.33.98.920.5Power cables (MW)1.23.88.620Total magnet losses4.814.733.076.4Power demand (MW)5.617.238.689Magnet losses only significative at TTbarLast 4 years of operation
8. 8Power demand for cooling and ventilation systemsPower demand is constant for RF loadsIt varies for cryogenics and magnets depending on the machine configuration Z, W, H, ttbar.Cooling and Ventilation systemsElectricity & Energy Management Electrical consumption (MW)CoolingChillersVentilationTotalPOINT A1.71.11.34.1B0.311.32.6D1.71.11.34.1F0.311.32.6G1.71.11.34.1H42.32.28.5J1.71.11.34.1L0.51.11.53.1 Total11.99.811.533.22022ZWHTTBeam energy (GeV)45.680120182.5Pcv (MW)all33343640.22023ZWHTTBeam energy (GeV)45.680120182.5Pcv (MW)all25262933.2-17% for TTbar
9. 9Power demand uncertaintiesEstimation uncertainties2023ZWHTTBeam energy (GeV)45.680120182.5Experiments (MW)Pt A, D, G, J+2+2+2+2Data centers (MW)Pt A, D, G, J0000General services (MW)-10-10-10-10Cooling & ventilation-7-7-7-7Cryogenics+0.5+5-4-15Compared to 2022 numbers-15-10-20-30Power during beam operation (MW)2023222247273357The main loads RF and Magnets didn’t change, but cryogenics and cooling&ventilation made strong improvement.Update with 4 experiments (2 big, 2 small experiments), estimated at 2 * 3MW + 2 * 2MW = 10MW, was previously 8MW for 2 experiments. Small data-centers for ee machine, 4 * 1MW, instead of 2*2MWGeneral services reduced to 26MW, instead of 36.Thes change gives between -10 to 30MW compared to 2022 numbers, the global uncertainty remains < 10%.-10% compared to2022
10. 10Update of FCC-ee power demandTotal power demand by machine configuration2023ZWHTTBeam energy (GeV)45.680120182.5Magnet current25%44%66%100%Power ratio6%19%43%100%PRF EL (MW)Storage146146146146PRFb EL (MW)Booster2222Pcryo (MW)Storage1.211.511.527.6Pcryo (MW)Booster0.350.801.507.40Pcv (MW)all25262833PEL magnets (MW)Stroage6173989PEL magnets (MW)Booster13511Experiments (MW)Pt A & G10101010Data centers (MW)Pt A & G4444General services (MW)26262626Power during beam operation (MW)222247273357Average power / year (MW)122138152202
11. 11Beam operationPower cycle during beam operationStandby mode: All infrastructure systems ON, Booster, and Collider OFF.Ready for Beam: All infrastructure systems ON, Booster ON, and magnet Collider ON.Beam Colliding mode: All infrastructure systems ON, Booster ON, Collider ON (Magnet and RF systems).The collider will operate 24h 7 days a week during the beam operation (185 days). The beam operation can be stopped for a technical stop or by fault.The power demand varies during the beam operation. The main factors are the beam presence and beam current in the collider. The RF power compensates for the losses due to the synchrotron radiations. When the machine is fully charged, the RF power is maximum.RF power
12. 12Power demand based on machine schedulePower demand during the year, consumptionPower during, in MWZWHTTshutdown30333441Technical stop677881108Downtime677881108Commissioning144163177233Machine Development96121147231Beam operation222247273357It is possible to calculate the power demand for each period of the schedule.It depends on which systems are powered during each period.Shutdown: reduced power of all infrastructure systems, cryogenics at 20%, cooling at 50%, accelerators OFF. Commissioning: All infrastructure systems, and cryogenics at nominal. Start of accelerator systems, Booster ON, Collider at 50% load. Physics operation: all systems are ON. The electricity grid is loaded at 100%.Downtime: All infrastructure systems, and cryogenics at nominal. Booster and Collider systems are OFF.Technical stops: All infrastructure systems, and cryogenics at nominal. Booster and Collider systems are OFF.Machine development: all systems are ON. Reduced RF power to 15%, no physics.Main change compare to 2022: Experiment, data centers and general services charged at 50% during shutdown.
13. 13Z machine schedulePower and consumption for Z mode operationThe machine’s schedule defines different periods during the year. The table below presents the power demand during the year for the Z mode.Z operation modeBeam OperationCommissioningMachine DevelopmentTechnical StopWinter ShutdownBeam operation 1393336222740530MWh69%Downtime with machine acces163846725542MWh2%Downtime between cycle163847428256MWh3%Downtime long stop143366722350MWh2%Hardware + Beam commissioning30720144103859MWh10%MD204809646005MWh4%technical stop102406715964MWh1%Shutdown12028803086410MWh8%36587601.07TWh92% of the energy is consumed during Beam period.
14. 14TT machine schedulePower and consumption for TT mode operationThe machine’s schedule defines different periods during the year. The table below presents the power demand during the year for the TT machine.TT operation modeBeam OperationCommissioningMachine DevelopmentTechnical StopWinter ShutdownBeam operation 13933363571192437MWh67%Downtime with machine acces1638410841623MWh2%Downtime between cycle1638420980274MWh5%Downtime long stop1433610836420MWh2%Hardware + Beam commissioning30720233167702MWh9%MD20480231111028MWh6%technical stop1024010826015MWh1%Shutdown120288041117443MWh7%36587601.77TWh93% of the energy is consumed during Beam period.
15. 15SRF layout change in October 22FCC-ee new location for SRFAt FCC week 2022, Booster SRF systems were in point L, as 400MHz collider SRF .800MHz collider SRF systems for TTbar were split between L and H.After the review of SRF systems layout (3-4 October 22), the SRF location changed:All collider SRF systems are placed in point LAll Booster SRF systems are placed in point HColliderBoosterLink to the reviewhttps://indico.cern.ch/event/1184683/Conclusions presented herehttps://indico.cern.ch/event/1203850/#6-summary-and-follow-ups-fromColliderBoosterSRF layout change in March 23With the surface layout is challenging in point L. The proposal was to exchange RF systems between L and H.All collider SRF systems are placed in point HAll Booster SRF systems are placed in point LProposal presented here:https://indico.cern.ch/event/1249818/Approval here:https://indico.cern.ch/event/1235646/
16. 16Infrastructure needed for FCC-ee Z, W,HPower demand per points, configuration Z, W, HPL, RF collider, 171MWVery high power demand on point L, 175MW for RF collider.4 experiments, point A,D, G and J.PF, 12MWPB, 12MWPD, 16MWPG, 16MWPA, 16MWPJ, 16MWMax power (MW)Point AExperiment16Point B12Point DExperiment16Point F12Point GExperiment16Point HRF collider171Point JExperiment16Point LRF booster15PL,15MW
17. 17Infrastructure needed for FCC-ee TTbarPower demand per points, configuration TTbarOnly one point with high power demands.Increased by cryogenics loads and associated cooling demand.PF, 20MWPB, 20MWPD, 23MWPG, 23MWPA, 23MWMax power (MW)Point AExperiment23Point B20Point DExperiment23Point F20Point GExperiment23Point HRF collider201Point JExperiment23Point LRF booster23PH, RF collider, 201MWPL,23MWPJ, 23MW
18. 18Electrical sub-stations, FCC-eePD, 86MWPL,69MWMax power load by sub-stations, FCC-eeThe loads could be charged on the three sub-stations as follows:Point H with a dedicated sub-station for RF colliderPoint L, with a sub-station covering PJ – PL – PA Point D, with a sub-station covering PB – PD – PF – PGMax power (MW)PDL1PL69PDL2PD90PDL3PH215PH, 201MWNew RF layout
19. 19Infrastructure needed to cover all FCC configurationsRequest made for delivery pointsPDL2The goal is to built an electrical infrastructure which will cover all the configuration of the FCC machine without need to built new sub-stations.This proposal includes also the possibility to operation the machine without one sub-station, which will ease the maintenance and repairs. The proposal is to have 3 PDL rated at 200MW .This proposal is under study by French Transmission Operation, RTE.PDL3PDL1 RTE: Reseau de Transport d’électricité= French transmission operatorPDL: Point de livraison = Delivery point
20. 20Request made to RTE for delivery points Strong network connectionFCC well situated on a strong electricity node.but priority of these 400 – 225 kV lines are for energy exchange between countries.Red lines : 400kVGreen lines: 225kVGermanySwitzerlandSwitzerlandItalyGenissiat nodeLe Buget
21. 21Point L with low chargeAlternative with present CERN connectionPDL2, 86MWPoint L has not enough charge to justify a new delivery point.An alternative would be to reuse present connection (Prevessin) to Bois de Serves (installed power 220MW), and to built a new sub-station at point A.A new line between Prevessin site and point A is needed (through the road or better through the beam transfer tunnel).Bois de Serves, with a sub-station covering PJ – PL – PA - PBPoint D, with a sub-station covering PD – PF – PGPoint H with a dedicated sub-station for RF colliderMax power (MW)PDL1Bois de Serves69PDL2PD86PDL3PH201PDL3, 201MWBois de Serves69MW (FCC only)New RF layout
22. 22Infrastructure needed to cover all FCC configurationsNew proposal for delivery points New PDL2This configuration will require only 2 new delivery points for RTE.No new 400kV sub-station in Challex, which should be welcomed. The proposal is to have 3 PDL rated at 220MW with the possibility to operate with only 2 sub-stations (redundancy).New PDL3PDL1, existing sub-stationBois de Serves
23. 23SummaryElectricity & Energy Management The RF systems location changed the distribution of the power demand.Only point H has now a very high power demand level.A new scheme, for the delivery points, is been proposed with only two new delivery points.The energy consumption during the shutdown was reduced taking account of the reduced power demand from the experiments and general services. This leads to a reduction of the energy consumption of 5%.The new estimate for cooling and ventilation, plus the reduction of cryogenics power, thanks to high Q0 cavities, gives another reduction of 5% of the energy consumption.The next steps are:Validation of the delivery points with RTE.Validation of the delivery points on the local 20kV for the civil engineering phase.Pursuit the effort on the reduction of energy consumption .
24. Thank youfor your attention 24