A Methodology For Translation - PowerPoint Presentation

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A Methodology For Translation Jean-Paul Vinay & Jean Darbelnet

Teti

Sumarni

1102601

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Direct & Oblique TranslationDirect Translation

Borrowing

Calque

Literal Translation

Oblique Translation

Transposition

ModulationEquivalenceAdaptation

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A word taken directly from another language, e.g., the English word bulldozerpure borrowing (Rice Cooker)naturalized borrowing (Computer-komputer)Borrowing

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Calque. A foreign word or phrase translated and incorporated into another language,e.g., fin de semaine from the English weekend interest rate translated into tingkat suku bunga. Calque

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Literal translation. Word for word translation, e.g., The ink is on the table and L’encre est sur la table.Literal translation translates the meaning of every word in the original language, understood correctly in context, into its nearest English equivalent, and attempts to express the result with ordinary English word order and style, as far as that is possible without distorting the meaning of the

original.

The main

point is that essentially literal translations

attempt

to represent the meaning of every word in the original in some way or other in the resulting translation.Literal TranslationTerjemahan

Harfiah

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ShiftTranspositionA shift of word class, i.e., verb for noun, noun for preposition e.g.,Expéditeur and From. When there is a shift between two signifiers, it is called crossed transposition, e.g., He limped across the street

and

Il a

traversé

la rue en boitant.

ModulationA shift in point of view. Whereas transposition is a shift between grammatical categories, modulation is a shift in cognitive categories.

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A shift from singular into plural (plural into singular) bunga-bunga : flowers banyak rumah : many houses tiga mobil

: three car

s

sepasang celana : a pair of trouser

sTransposition Shift

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A structural change that involves word-position in phrase1 - 2 - 33 - 2 - 1rumah - bercat merah - yang besar

big - red - house

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long - dark – hairrambut - hitam pekat - yang panjangSplendid ancient electric train

kereta

api

listrik kuno yang sangat

bagus(Machali, 2000)

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phrase with adverb 1 – 2 – 3 3 – 1 - 2highly - recommended - systemsistem

-

yang

sangat

- direkomendasikan

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A structural change that involves word-position in sentenceIsu tentang HAM sudah kami bahas semenjak lima tahun yang lalu.

We

have been discussing the issue of human rights since five years ago

Buku

ini harus kamu

baca You must read the book

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a change in part of speech noun + noun noun + noun adverb + verb

verb + noun

adj

+ noun verb +

adj

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mesin pembunuhkilling machine bahan

kimia

chemical material

partai politik political party

...is categorically prohibited.…dikategorikan terlarang.

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in sentence…… for the pursuit of happiness.…untuk meraih/

mengejar

kebahagiaan

.

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from explicit into implicit (implicit into explicit) Pria yang berdiri di sana itu adalah paman

saya

The man

(who is) standing there is my uncle.

implicit

The man standing there is my uncle

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from clause into particular type of phrase(phrase into clause) – (phrase with adjective verb) bayi yang menangis crying baby

binatang

yang

berpikir

thinking animalburung yang

berkicausinging birdJendral yang senantiasa tersenyumSmiling General

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from word into phrase or clause(clause into word)cozysuasana nyaman, hangat, dan akrab

incommunicado

kondisi

terputus komunikasi dengan

dunia luarinterchangeabilitykondisi

bisa saling dipertukarkan

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Modulation. A shift in point of view. Whereas transposition is a shift between grammatical categories, modulation is a shift in cognitive categories. Vinay and Darbelnet postulate eleven types of modulation: abstract for concrete, cause for effect, means for result, a part for the whole, geographical change, etc., e.g., the geographical modulation between encre de Chine and Indian ink. you are going to have a

child

translated as

Anda akan menjadi seorang bapak.I cut my finger

translated as Jariku teriris, bukan saya memotong jariku. Modulation

Modulasi

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Modulationspecific meaningpadi gabah beras

nasi

kakak

adik

general meaningricericericericebrother, sisterbrother, sister

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paklek : paman : uncle pakde : paman : uncleassassinate : membunuh

Murder

: membunuh

kill : membunuh

Anggur : grapeanggur : winemendengar : listen mendengar : hear

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coining a new term for a series of wordtrain : berlatihTraining : pelatihantrainer :

pelatih

trainee

: peserta

pelatihan

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Equivalence. This accounts for the same situation using a completely different phrase, e.g., the translation of proverbs or idiomatic expressions like, Comme un chien dans un jeu de quilles and Like a bull in a china shop.Vinay

and

Darbelnet

view equivalence-oriented translation as a procedure which replicates the same situation as in the original, whilst using completely different wording. They also suggest that, if this procedure is applied during the translation process, it can maintain the stylistic impact of the SL text in the TL text.

Equivalence

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Adaptation. A shift in cultural environment, i.e., to express the message using a different situation, e.g. cycling for the French, cricket for the English and baseball for theAmericans.Re-writing process of the source text into the target text. Usually applied in translating poetry and dramaReplacing cultural elements of the source language by the cultural equivalence in the target language.Example:

as white as

snow

----- seputih kapas, not

seputih salju as snow is not familiar in the target language.

Adaptation

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