By Halemeh Moh Abu Shammala Presented to Dr Ayham Abu Lila بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والله أخرجكم من بطون أمهاتكم لا تعلمون شيئا وجعل لكم السمع والأبصار والأفئدة لعلكم تشكرون ID: 591764
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Slide1
Eye infection
By
:
Halemeh
Moh . Abu Shammala
Presented to
: Dr. Ayham Abu LilaSlide2
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والله أخرجكم من بطون أمهاتكم لا تعلمون شيئا وجعل لكم السمع والأبصار والأفئدة لعلكم تشكرون
النحل أية (78).Slide3Slide4
Protective factorsThe eye is well protected from infection by the conjunctiva and the corneal epithelium.the tear film contains antimicrobials
while the tear flow itself tends to wash away pathogens
The eye harbors a host of nonpathogenic bacteria that competitively prohibit new bacteria growth.Slide5
However,these eye-defenses can be breached by trauma, improper tearing,
or contact lens wear and lead to an infection.
An eye infection
threatens vision,
can act as an entry portal to the rest of the body
and infections can progress to systemic involvement, meningitis, and even death.Slide6Slide7
Some microbial eye’s diseasesEyelid >>>>>>>>> (blepharitis)
eyelash follicle>>>>>>> Stye
tissue around eye>>>>> Orbital cellulitis
Conjunctiva >>>>>>>Conjunctivitis
acute inflammatory conjunctivitis>>> Trachoma
the cornea >>>>>>>> (
keratitis
)
the liquid inside the eye>>>> (
vitritis)
,
the retina and the blood vessels that feed it >>>>>>>>(
chorioretinitis
),
the optic nerve>>>>>>>> (
neuroretinitis
). Slide8
Blepharitisinflammation of eyelid
major symptom : crusty or greasy eyelashes
Itching is common,
It is caused by skin bacteria.
Staphylococcus
aureus
infection is most commonSlide9Slide10
Stye and Chalazion Styeis an infection that causes a tender red lump on the eyelid. Most
styes
occur along the edge of the eyelid.
When a
stye
occurs inside the eyelid, it is called an
internal
hordeolum
An
internal
hordeolum
is caused by infection in one of the tiny oil glands inside the eyelid.
Caused by Staphylococcus
aureus
T : Apply warm, wet compresses 3 to 6 times a day
.
Slide11
Chalazion is a lump in the eyelid.develops when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes blocked .may look like styes
, but they are usually
larger and may not be painful.Slide12Slide13
Meibomianitis is an inflammation of the meibomian
glands, a group of oil-secreting (sebaceous) glands in the eyelids.
These glands
have tiny openings
to release oils onto the surface of the cornea.
increases the thickness of the oily secretions of the
meibomian
glands will allow excess oils to accumulate on the edges of the lids.
This allows for the
over-growth of bacteria, which are normally present on skin.
can be caused by allergy, the hormonal changes of adolescence, or general skin conditions such as acne.Slide14
Dacryoadenitis is an inflammation of the tear-producing gland (lacrimal
gland)
.
is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection, common causes include
mumps
,
Epstein-Barr virus
, staphylococcus, and gonococcus.
Chronic
dacryoadenitis
is usually due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders.
Examples include
: sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital
pseudotumor
.Slide15
Orbital cellulitisis an acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow, and cheek.
major cause
Haemophilus
influenzae
:from a concurrent sinus infection
(most common in children)
S.aureus
major
symptoms
:
Painful swelling , Bulging eyes
Decreased vision , Eye pain , Fever .
considered an emergency, why?
can cause blindness , or brain abscessSlide16Slide17Slide18Slide19
Conjunctivitis "pink eye" Is the most common eye infection .caused by dilation of blood vesselstypes of Conjunctivitis includes: Viral conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Giant
papillary conjunctivitis
often affects soft contact lens wearers.Slide20
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Infection and inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria.
Staphylococcus
aureus
,
Haemophilus
influenzae
, Streptococcus
pneumoniae
and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
.
major
symptoms :
Eye discharge :
a thick discharge or pus
.
Red eyes
Foreign body eye sensation
Eye pain
Swollen eyelids Slide21
Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious
, because airborne viruses can be spread through sneezing and coughing.
can accompany common viral upper respiratory infections such as measles, the flu or the common cold.
usually
produces a watery discharge
.
Unlike with bacterial infections, antibiotics will not work against viruses.
But viral conjunctivitis is self-limited, which means it will go away by itself after a short time.Slide22
Trachomais the world's leading cause of preventable blindness.
Trachoma is the result of infection of the eye with
Chlamydia
trachomatis
.
Infection often begins during infancy or childhood and can become chronic. Slide23Slide24
Neonatal conjunctivitis Up to 10 percent of all pregnant women in the United States have a sexually transmitted chlamydial infection
.
Another type of sexually transmitted disease related to the
herpes simplex virus type 2
found in the genital area can infect eyes of infants as they are born.
Herpes simplex virus type 1
, also can cause a type of
eye herpes
that results in pink eye.Slide25
Inclusion conjunctivitisInflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
.
The infection can occur in newborns while passing through an infected birth canal.
Adult infections tend to be transmitted to the eye from the infected genitals via the hands.
Diagnosis
: is made by taking
conjuctival
cells with a swap or platinum spatula
Slide26Slide27Slide28
Parinaud oculoglandular syndromeis an eye problem similar to conjunctivitis ("pink eye").
It usually
affects only one eye and is accompanied by nearby swollen lymph nodes
and an illness with a fever.
Causes
Is caused by an infection by bacteria, virus, fungus, or a parasite.
The most common causes are :
cat-scratch disease and tularemia (rabbit fever). Slide29
keratitisIs inflammation of the cornea.
Viral
keratitis
:
Herpes simplex
keratitis
, leaves what is called
a '
dendritic
ulcer'.
Herpes zoster
keratitis
.
Onchocercal
keratitis
:
which follows
O.
volvulus
infection by infected
black fly bite
. Slide30
What are dendritic ulcers? A
corneal ulcer
, or
ulcerative
keratitis
, or
eyesore
a common and serious infection of the corneal epithelium by
Herpes simplex virus type I.
The virus lies dormant in the trigeminal nerve between attacks.
It is a common condition in humans particularly in the
tropics and the agrarian societies.
In developing countries,
children afflicted by Vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes, which may persist lifelong.
Symptoms
extremely painful due to nerve exposure,
cause tearing,
vision loss of the eye.
There may also be signs of anterior
uveitis
, such as
miosis
(small pupil),
aqueous flare
(protein in the
aqueous
humour
) .Slide31Slide32
It can be seen with the slit lamp microscope used to examine your eye.
Fluorescent yellow drops are used to show the ulcer up more easily. Slide33
Amoebic
keratitis
:
the most serious corneal infection,
usually
affecting contact lens wearers caused by
Acanthamoeba
. Slide34
Bacterial keratitis: can follow from an injury or from wearing contact lenses.
Staphylococcus
aureus
: for contact lens wearers,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
: contains enzymes that can digest the cornea.Slide35
Fungal keratitis : Fusarium sp. Slide36Slide37
EndophthalmitisIs inflammation of the uveal tract or posterior chamber .Usually caused by intraocular infection.
Major cause :
Bacillus cereusSlide38
chorioretinitisInflammation of the choroids and retina of the eye. It can be caused by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus or protozoa.
Cytomegalovirus (
AIDS
)
Herpes virus 2
Histoplasmosis
Syphilis, congenital
Toxoplasma
, congenital
Symptoms :
Progressive loss of vision
Floating black spots
Blurry visionSlide39Slide40
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