Section 12 Maps and Globes A map is a flat model of the surface of the Earth It is the Birds eye view of an area Show natural AND humanmade features A globe represents Earth as if you were looking at it from Outer Space ID: 542362
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Slide1
Maps and Globes are Models of Earth
Section 1.2Slide2
Maps and Globes
A map is a flat model of the surface of the Earth
It is the “Bird’s eye view” of an area
Show natural AND human-made features
A globe represents Earth as if you were looking at it from Outer Space
Shows relative sizes and shapes of Earth’s land and water featuresSlide3
Land Features on Maps
A
Relief Map
is a map that shows how high or low each feature is on Earth
A mapmaker uses pictures or satellite images to build the Three Dimensional view of the surface
Relief Maps show three main features:MountainsPlateausPlains Slide4
Mountains
Mountains stand taller than the land around them
A group of mountains is called a mountain range
The base of a mountain may cover several square kilometers
Name some well known mountain ranges:
Slide5
Plateaus
Have fairly level surfaces but stand high above sea level
Often found near mountain ranges
Colorado Plateau spans from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and UtahSlide6
Plains
Gently rolling or flat features
The United States has two types of plains:
Coastal Plains near the eastern and southeastern shores
Interior plains in the center of the nation
The interior Great Plains covers the middle third of the countrySlide7
Map Symbols and Scale
To read a map, you need to know who to read the scale and key!
The Map Scale relates distances on a map to actual distances on Earth’s Surface
The scale can be in a ratio, a bar, or equivalent units of distance
For example, a ratio of 1:25,000 means that 1 cm on the map represents 25,000 cm (0.25 km) on EarthSlide8
Map Legend
A map legend (also called a key) is a chart that explains the meanings of each symbol on the map
Symbols can stand for highways, buildings, parks, etc. Slide9
Compass
A map usually includes a compass rose to show which directions are North, East, South and West
In general, north on a map points to the top of the pageSlide10
Understanding Latitude and Longitude
Lines of
latitude
and lines
longitude
cross one another.They form a grid system around the earth.
http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/globe.jpgSlide11
Latitude
Lines of latitude are also called
parallels
.
They circle the earth parallel to the
Equator. They measure north and south of equator in degrees.The Equator is at 0° latitude.The North Pole is at
90°N (north).
Maps101.comSlide12
Longitude
Lines of longitude are also called
meridians
.
They circle the earth from Pole to Pole.
They measure east and west of the starting line, at 0° longitude or the Prime Meridian.
Maps101.comSlide13
Absolute Location
Only
one
place can be found at the point where lines cross one another.
Use
degrees (°) and minutes (’) to give an exact spot where one line of latitude crosses one line of longitude – an absolute location.
http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/globe.jpgSlide14
Hemispheres
The equator circles the middle of the Earth.
It divides the earth into
hemispheres
or “half-spheres.”
North of the equator is the Northern Hemisphere.South of the equator is the Southern Hemisphere.Slide15
Maps101.comSlide16
Hemispheres
The Prime Meridian runs from north to south.
It divides the earth into
half spheres
in the other direction.
East of the Prime Meridian for 180 degrees is the Eastern Hemisphere.West of the Prime Meridian for 180 degrees is the Western Hemisphere.Slide17
Maps101.comSlide18
Using Latitude and Longitude
Use the information provided on your notes to answer the questions.Slide19
Review your answers
is
15°N
latitude and
150°W longitude. is 45°N latitude and
90°W
longitude.
is
15°S
latitude and
60
°
W
longitude.
is
0
° latitude and
150°E
longitude.
is
30°N
latitude and
60°E
longitude.
is
60°N
latitude and
0
°
longitude.
is
45°S
latitude and
90
°E longitude.Slide20
Map Projections
A Projection is a way of representing Earth’s curved surface on a flat map
Mapmakers use different projections, but all distort Earth’s surface in different ways
Cylindrical Projections
Conic Projections
Planar ProjectionsSlide21
Cylindrical Projections
Also called the Mercator projection
Useful for navigating at sea or in the air
Allows you to plot a course easily
Problem: Areas really far away from the equator appear much bigger than they actually areSlide22Slide23
Conic Projections
Based on the shape of a cone
The latitude lines are curved slightly, this allows for a more accurate size and shape of some landmasses
Good for mapping large areas in the middle latitudes
However, landmasses near the equator or near the north or south pole will be distortedSlide24Slide25
Planar Projections
Developed to help people find the shortest distance between two points
Good for plotting ocean or air voyages and showing the polar regions (both north and south)
However, landmasses further away from center point are distortedSlide26