Competition https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Competition

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide2

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Alceo's BCS Communicator

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Slide3

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Asterisk (PBX) Platform - SIP, ISDN, IAX, SMS, open source telephone system

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Slide4

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Avaya Aura (tm) Presence Services (with Messaging) and one-X software

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Slide5

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Bopup Communication Server; Based on private and secure IM protocol

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Slide6

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Cisco's Unified Presence Server and Unified Personal Communicator

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Slide7

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Elastix; Elastix PBX, VoIP email, IM, faxing and collaboration functionality

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Slide8

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

IBM's Lotus Sametime

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Slide9

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Jabber XCP (from Jabber, Inc., not to be confused with the IETF open standard XMPP)

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Slide10

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Sun Java System Instant Messaging (see Sun Java Communications Suite)

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Slide11

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

In instant messaging, the free public instant messaging networks (Google, Live Messenger, Yahoo and AOL) are widely used and represent a degree of competition. There have been attempts by other vendors at providing solutions such as Yahoo!'s Enterprise Instant Messenger; however these attempts have been largely unsuccessful. An ICQ corporate client and server option once existed, but it is no longer supported or developed.

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Slide12

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

Products such as Cisco Unified Presence Server (Version 6.0.2+) support federation with Microsoft Office Communication Server 2007 to provide presence of Cisco IP phones and remote call control of the IP phone from the Microsoft Office Communicator client.

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Slide13

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

The Siemens OpenScape solution offers a federation with the Office communicator, and also an integration into the office communicator, allowing to use the standard functionalities of the office communication suite together with the SIP based voice functionalities of the Siemens platform.

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Slide14

Microsoft Lync Server Competition

The Asterisk telephone platform supports SIP, IAX, and ISDN connections. Most telephones that support these protocols may be used with Asterisk, including software phone clients.

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Slide15

MS-DOS Competition

On microcomputers based on the Intel 8086 and 8088 processors, including the IBM PC and clones, the initial competition to the PC DOS/MS-DOS line came from Digital Research, whose CP/M operating system had inspired MS-DOS

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Slide16

MS-DOS Competition

Most of the machines in the early days of MS-DOS had differing system architectures and there was a certain degree of incompatibility, and subsequently vendor lock-in. Users who began using MS-DOS with their machines were compelled to continue using the version customized for their hardware, or face trying to get all of their proprietary hardware and software to work with the new system.

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Slide17

MS-DOS Competition

In the business world the 808x-based machines that MS-DOS was tied to faced competition from the Unix operating system which ran on many different hardware architectures. Microsoft itself sold a version of Unix for the PC called Xenix.

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Slide18

MS-DOS Competition

At first all these machines were in competition

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Slide19

MS-DOS Competition

Microsoft and IBM together began what was intended as the follow-on to MS-DOS/PC DOS, called OS/2

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Slide20

MS-DOS Competition

MS-DOS had grown in spurts, with many significant features being taken or duplicated from Microsoft's other products and operating systems. MS-DOS also grew by incorporating, by direct licensing or feature duplicating, the functionality of tools and utilities developed by independent companies, such as Norton Utilities, PC Tools (Microsoft Anti-Virus), QEMM expanded memory manager, Stacker disk compression, and others.

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Slide21

MS-DOS Competition

During the period when Digital Research was competing in the operating system market some computers, like Amstrad PC1512, were sold with floppy disks for two operating systems (only one of which could be used at a time), MS-DOS and CP/M-86 or a derivative of it. Digital Research produced DOS Plus, which was compatible with MS-DOS 2.11, supported CP/M-86 programs, had additional features including multi-tasking, and could read and write disks in CP/M and MS-DOS format.

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Slide22

MS-DOS Competition

While OS/2 was under protracted development, Digital Research released the MS-DOS compatible DR DOS 5.0, which included features only available as third-party add-ons for MS-DOS

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Slide23

MS-DOS Competition

Microsoft had been accused of carefully orchestrating leaks about future versions of MS-DOS in an attempt to create what in the industry is called FUD (fear, uncertainty, and doubt) regarding DR DOS

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Slide24

MS-DOS Competition

"The feature enhancements of MS-DOS version 5.0 were decided and development was begun long before we heard about DR DOS 5.0. There will be some similar features. With 50 million MS-DOS users, it shouldn't be surprising that DRI has heard some of the same requests from customers that we have." – (Schulman et al. 1994).

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Slide25

MS-DOS Competition

The pact between Microsoft and IBM to promote OS/2 began to fall apart in 1990 when Windows 3.0 became a marketplace success. Much of Microsoft's further contributions to OS/2 also went into creating a third GUI replacement for DOS, Windows NT.

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Slide26

MS-DOS Competition

IBM, which had already been developing the next version of OS/2, carried on development of the platform without Microsoft and sold it as the alternative to DOS and Windows.

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Slide27

BlackBerry Ltd Expansion and competition (2001—2011)

RIM soon began to introduce BlackBerry devices aimed towards the consumer market as well, beginning with the BlackBerry Pearl 8100—the first BlackBerry phone to include multimedia features such as a camera. The introduction of the Pearl series was highly successful, as was the subsequent Curve 8300 series and Bold 9000. Extensive carrier partnerships fueled the rapid expansion of BlackBerry users globally in both enterprise and consumer markets.

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Slide28

BlackBerry Ltd Expansion and competition (2001—2011)

The arrival of the first Apple iPhone in 2007 caused much fanfare and speculation that the BlackBerry might have its first serious competition

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Slide29

BlackBerry Ltd Expansion and competition (2001—2011)

Even as the company continued to grow worldwide, investors and media became increasingly alarmed about the company's ability to compete with devices from rival mobile Operating Systems iOS and Android. Analysts were also worried about the strategic direction of the co-CEOs' management structure.

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Slide30

BlackBerry Ltd Expansion and competition (2001—2011)

Following numerous attempts to upgrade their existing Java platform, the company made numerous acquisitions to help it create a new, more powerful BlackBerry platform, centered around its recently acquired real-time Operating System QNX

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Slide31

BlackBerry Ltd Expansion and competition (2001—2011)

On September 27, 2010, RIM announced the long-rumoured BlackBerry PlayBook tablet, the first product running on the new QNX platform known as BlackBerry Tablet OS

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Slide32

BlackBerry Ltd Primary competition

The primary competitors of the BlackBerry are smartphones running Android and the Apple iPhone, with Microsoft's Windows Phone platform emerging as a more recent competitor

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Slide33

Baidu Competition

Baidu competes with Google Hong Kong, Yahoo! China, Microsoft's Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, Sohu's Sogou, , NetEase's Youdao, Tencent's Soso.com and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, Xunlei's Gougou(then Sogou) and EachNet.

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Slide34

Baidu Competition

Baidu is the No. 1 search engine in China, controlling 63 percent of China's market share as of January 2010, according to iResearch. The number of Internet users in China had reached 513 million by the end of December 2011, according to a report by the China Internet Network Information Center.

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Slide35

Baidu Competition

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, Baidu played down its benefit from Google's having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu's share of revenue in China's search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research firm Analysys International.

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Slide36

Baidu Competition

It is also evident that Baidu is attempting to enter the internet social network market. As of 2011, it is discussing the possibility of working with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese version of the international social network, managed by Baidu. This plan, if executed, would face off Baidu with competition from the three popular Chinese social networks pengyou.com, Renren and Kaixin001 as well as induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ.

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Slide37

Baidu Competition

On February 22, 2012, Hudong submitted a complaint to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for a review of the behavior of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic.

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Slide38

Baidu Competition

On January 9, 2013，Baidu is still number one in the market, with 64.5% of the users, the second one, 360, who launched its own searching engine in August, has already taken hold of 10.2% users. Following is Google and Sogou.

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Slide39

Dell Competition

Dell's major competitors include Hewlett-Packard (HP), Acer, Fujitsu, Toshiba, Gateway, Sony, Asus, Lenovo, IBM, MSI, Samsung and Apple. Dell and its subsidiary, Alienware, compete in the enthusiast market against AVADirect, Falcon Northwest, VoodooPC (a subsidiary of HP), and other manufacturers. In the second quarter of 2006, Dell had between 18% and 19% share of the worldwide personal computer market, compared to HP with roughly 15%.

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Slide40

Dell Competition

In late 2006, Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market-share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%).

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Slide41

Dell Competition

IDC reported that Dell lost more server market share than any of the top four competitors in that arena. IDC's Q4 2006 estimates show Dell's share of the server market at 8.1%, down from 9.5% in the previous year. This represents a 8.8% loss year-over-year, primarily to competitors EMC and IBM.

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Slide42

Altera Competition

Altera's largest competitor and long-time rival is FPGA founder and market-share leader Xilinx.

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Slide43

Altera Competition

The next closest competitor is Lattice Semiconductor, representing less than 10 percent of the market.

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Slide44

Altera Competition

Other FPGA makers, Actel (now Microsemi) and QuickLogic, sell to differentiated market segments that Altera mostly does not address.

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Slide45

Altera Competition

In broader terms, Altera competes with ASIC, Structured ASIC, and Zero Mask-Charge ASIC companies like eASIC. Moore's Law and improving software tools are rapidly expanding FPGAs' potential markets.

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Slide46

Bell Canada Competition and territory reduction

Bell Canada extended lines from Nova Scotia to the foot of the Rocky Mountains in what is now Alberta. However, most of the attention given to meeting demand for service focused on major cities in Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritime Provinces.

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Slide47

BlackBerry Competition

The primary competitors of the BlackBerry are smartphones running Android and the Apple iPhone. BlackBerry has struggled to compete against both and its market share has plunged since 2011, leading to speculation that it will be unable to survive as an independent going concern. However, it has managed to maintain significant positions in some markets.

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Slide48

BlackBerry Competition

Despite market share loss, on a global basis, the number of active BlackBerry subscribers has increased substantially through the years

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Slide49

BlackBerry Competition

The global number of active BlackBerry subscribers since 2003:

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Slide50

Competition

Competition is also a major tenet in market economy and business is often associated with competition as most companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers, and also competition inside a company is usually stimulated for meeting and reaching higher quality of services or products that the company produce or develop.

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Slide51

Competition Consequences

In the human species competition can be expensive on many levels, not only in lives lost to war, physical injuries, and damaged psychological well beings, but also in the health effects from everyday civilian life caused by work stress, long work hours, abusive working relationships, and poor working conditions, that detract from the enjoyment of life, even as such competition results in financial gain for the owners.

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Slide52

Competition Biology and ecology

At shorter time scales, competition is also one of the most important factors controlling diversity in ecological communities, particularly in plant communities where asymmetric competition and competitive dominance frequently occur.

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Slide53

Competition Economics and business

The greater selection typically causes lower prices for the products, compared to what the price would be if there was no competition (monopoly) or little competition (oligopoly).

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Slide54

Competition Economics and business

However, competition may also lead to wasted (duplicated) effort and to increased costs (and prices) in some circumstances. For example, the intense competition for the small number of top jobs in music and movie acting leads many aspiring musicians and actors to make substantial investments in training which are not recouped, because only a fraction become successful. Critics have also argued that competition can be destabilizing, particularly competition between certain financial institutions.

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Slide55

Competition Economics and business

Experts have also questioned the constructiveness of competition in profitability. It has been argued that competition-oriented objectives are counterproductive to raising revenues and profitability because they limit the options of strategies for firms as well as their ability to offer innovative responses to changes in the market. In addition, the strong desire to defeat rival firms with competitive prices has the strong possibility of causing price wars.

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Slide56

Competition Economics and business

The most narrow form is direct competition (also called category competition or brand competition), where products which perform the same function compete against each other. For example, one brand of pick-up trucks competes with several other brands of pick-up trucks. Sometimes, two companies are rivals and one adds new products to their line, which leads to the other company distributing the same new things, and in this manner they compete.

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Slide57

Competition Economics and business

The next form is substitute or indirect competition, where products which are close substitutes for one another compete. For example, butter competes with margarine, mayonnaise and other various sauces and spreads.

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Slide58

Competition Economics and business

The broadest form of competition is typically called budget competition. Included in this category is anything on which the consumer might want to spend their available money. For example, a family which has $20,000 available may choose to spend it on many different items, which can all be seen as competing with each other for the family's expenditure. This form of competition is also sometimes described as a competition of "share of wallet".

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Slide59

Competition Economics and business

In addition, companies also compete for financing on the capital markets (equity or debt) in order to generate the necessary cash for their operations. An investor typically will consider alternative investment opportunities given his risk profile and not only look at companies just competing on product (direct competitors). Enlarging the investment universe to include indirect competitors leads to a broader peer universe of comparable, indirectly competing companies.

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Slide60

Competition Economics and business

This is known as intra-brand competition.

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Slide61

Competition Economics and business

Finally, most businesses also encourage competition between individual employees. An example of this is a contest between sales representatives. The sales representative with the highest sales (or the best improvement in sales) over a period of time would gain benefits from the employer.

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Slide62

Competition Economics and business

Shalev and Asbjornsen also found that success (i.e. the saving resulted) of reverse auctions correlated most closely with competition. The literature widely supported the importance of competition as the primary driver of reverse auctions success. Their findings appear to support that argument, as competition correlated strongly with the reverse auction success, as well as with the number of bidders.

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Slide63

Competition Economics and business

Depending on the respective economic policy, pure competition is to a greater or lesser extent regulated by competition policy and competition law

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Slide64

Competition Interstate

Such competition is evident by the policies undertaken by these countries to educate the future workforce

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Slide65

Competition Law

In this case (as in all three), competition law aims to protect the welfare of consumers by ensuring business must compete for its share of the market economy.

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Slide66

Competition Law

Competition law is growing in importance every day, which warrants for its careful study.

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Slide67

Competition Politics

Competition is also found in politics. In democracies, an election is a competition for an elected office. In other words, two or more candidates strive and compete against one another to attain a position of power. The winner gains the seat of the elected office for a predefined period of time, towards the end of which another election is usually held to determine the next holder of the office.

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Slide68

Competition Politics

In addition, there is inevitable competition inside a government. Because several offices are appointed, potential candidates compete against the others in order to gain the particular office. Departments may also compete for a limited amount of resources, such as for funding. Finally, where there are party systems, elected leaders of different parties will ultimately compete against the other parties for laws, funding and power.

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Slide69

Competition Politics

Finally, competition also exists between governments. Each country or nationality struggles for world dominance, power, or military strength. For example, the United States competed against the Soviet Union in the Cold War for world power, and the two also struggled over the different types of government (in these cases representative democracy and communism). The result of this type of competition often leads to worldwide tensions, and may sometimes erupt into warfare.

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Slide70

Competition Sports

A regularly scheduled (for instance annual) competition meant to determine the "best" competitor of that cycle is called a championship.

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Slide71

Competition Sports

For those attaining winning status, endorphins are released, often driving them, and in extreme cases, addicting them to increased levels of competition, dedication, and enjoyment of the sport

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Slide72

Competition Sports

Thus, sports provide artificial (not natural) competition; for example, competing for control of a ball, or defending territory on a playing field is not an innate biological factor in humans

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Slide73

Competition Sports

Sports competition is generally broken down into three categories: individual sports, such as archery; dual sports, such as doubles tennis, and team sports competition, such as cricket or football. While most sports competitions are recreation, there exist several major and minor professional sports leagues throughout the world. The Olympic Games, held every four years, is usually regarded as the international pinnacle of sports competition.

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Slide74

Competition Education

Critics of competition as a motivating factor in education systems, such as Alfie Kohn, assert that competition actually has a net negative influence on the achievement levels of students, and that it "turns all of us into losers" (Kohn 1986)

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Slide75

Competition Literature

Literary competitions, such as contests sponsored by literary journals, publishing houses and theaters, have increasingly become a means for aspiring writers to gain recognition. Awards for fiction include those sponsored by the Missouri Review, Boston Review, Indiana Review, North American Review and Southwest Review. The Albee Award, sponsored by the[Yale Drama Series, is among the most prestigious playwriting awards.

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Slide76

Competition Consumer competitions

In Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, competitions or lottos are the equivalent of what are commonly known as sweepstakes in the United States. The correct technical name for Australian consumer competitions is a trade promotion lottery or lottos.

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Slide77

Competition Consumer competitions

Competition or trade promotion lottery entrants enter to win a prize or prizes, hence many entrants are all in competition, or competing for a limited number of prizes.

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Slide78

Competition Consumer competitions

A trade promotion lottery or competition is a free entry lottery run to promote goods or services supplied by a business. An example is where you purchase goods or services and then given the chance to enter into the lottery and possibly win a prize. A trade promotion lottery can be called a lotto, competition, contest, sweepstake, or giveaway.

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Slide79

Competition Consumer competitions

People that enjoy entering competitions are known as compers. Many compers attend annual national conventions. In 2012 over 100 people from around Australia met on the Gold Coast, Queensland to discuss competitions.

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Slide80

Competition The study of competition

They also investigate how competition manifested itself in various cultural settings in the past, and how competition has developed over time.

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Slide81

Competition Competitiveness

Many philosophers and psychologists have identified a trait in most living organisms which can drive the particular organism to compete

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Slide82

Competition Competitiveness

The same could be said for co-operation: in humans, at least, both co-operation and competition are considered learned behaviors, because the human species learns to adapt to environmental pressures

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Slide83

Competition Competitiveness

The term also applies to econometrics

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Slide84

Competition Hypercompetitiveness

These individuals are likely to turn any activity into a competition, and they will feel threatened if they find themselves losing

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Slide85

Competition Marxist ethics

He also points out that competition separates individuals from one another and while concentration of workers and development of better communication alleviate this, they are not a decision.

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Slide86

Competition Gandhi

For him, in a non-violent society, competition does not have a place and this should become realized with more people making the personal choice to have less tendencies toward egoism and selfishness.

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Slide87

Association for Computing Machinery Competition

ACM's primary historical competitor has been the IEEE Computer Society, which is the largest subgroup of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The IEEE focuses more on hardware and standardization issues than theoretical computer science, but there is considerable overlap with ACM's agenda. They occasionally cooperate on projects like developing computing curricula. Some of the major awards in Computer science are given jointly by ACM and the IEEE–CS.

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Slide88

Association for Computing Machinery Competition

There is also a mounting challenge to the ACM's publication practices coming from the open access movement

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Slide89

Oracle Corporation Competition

Although IBM dominated the mainframe relational-database market with its DB2 and SQL/DS database products, it delayedentering the market for a relational database on UNIX and Windows Operating Systems. This left the door open for Sybase, Oracle, and Informix (and eventually Microsoft) to dominate mid-range and microcomputers.

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Slide90

Oracle Corporation Competition

Around this time, Oracle technology started to lag technically behind that of Sybase

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Slide91

Oracle Corporation Competition

In 1994, Informix overtook Sybase and became Oracle's most important rival

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Slide92

Oracle Corporation Competition

Once it had overcome Informix and Sybase, Oracle Corporation enjoyed years of dominance in the database market until use of Microsoft SQL Server became widespread in the late 1990s and IBM acquired Informix Software in 2001 (to complement its DB2 database). Today Oracle competes for new database licenses on UNIX, Linux, and Windows Operating Systems primarily against IBM's DB2 and Microsoft SQL Server (which only runs on Windows). IBM's DB2 still dominates the mainframe database market.

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Slide93

Oracle Corporation Competition

In 2004 Oracle's sales grew at a rate of 14.5% to $6.2 billion, giving it 41.3% and the top share of the relational-database market (InformationWeek – March 2005), with market share estimated at up to 44.6% in 2005 by some sources

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Slide94

Oracle Corporation Competition

In the software-applications market, Oracle Corporation primarily competes against SAP. On March 22, 2007 Oracle sued SAP, accusing them of fraud and unfair competition.

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Slide95

Oracle Corporation Competition

In the market for business intelligence software, many other software companies – small and large – have successfully competed in quality with products. Business intelligence vendors can be categorized into the "big four" consolidated BI firms such as Oracle, who has entered BI market through a recent trend of acquisitions (including Hyperion Solutions), and the independent "pure play" vendors such as MicroStrategy, Actuate, and SAS.

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Slide96

Crowdsourcing Early crowdsourcing competitions

Crowdsourcing has often been used in the past as a competition in order to discover a solution. The French government proposed several of these competitions, often rewarded with Montyon Prizes, created for poor Frenchmen who had done virtuous acts. These included the Leblanc process, or the Alkali Prize, where a reward was provided for separating the salt from the alkali, and the Fourneyron's Turbine, when the first hydraulic commercial turbine was developed.

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Slide97

Crowdsourcing Early crowdsourcing competitions

In response to a challenge from the French government, Nicholas Appert won a prize for inventing a new way of food preservation that involved sealing food in air-tight jars

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide98

Group buying - Rising competition

Google launched their own daily deals site in 2011 called "Google Offers" after its $6 billion acquisition offer to Groupon was rejected

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Slide99

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission

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Slide100

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission

It was established in 1995 with the amalgamation of the Australian Trade Practices Commission (TPC) and the Prices Surveillance Authority to administer the Trade Practices Act 1974 (TPA) (Cth) (renamed the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 on 1 January 2011)

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide101

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Roles

The Competition and Consumer Act is a broad range of provisions, such as provisions on anti-competitive conduct, the Australian Consumer Law and regulation of telecommunications and energy industries

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Slide102

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Roles

The Australian Energy Regulator is a constituent but separate part of the ACCC and is responsible for economic energy regulation. It shares staff and premises with the ACCC, but has a separate board, although at least one board member must also be a Commissioner at the ACCC.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide103

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Restrictive trade practices

In most cases the spirit of the act, and thus the actions of the ACCC, favours neither consumer nor supplier, but strives to achieve a competitive market without artificial restrictions. For example, refusal of deal – a producer refusing to supply a potential retailer or customer with a product – is not itself illegal unless the action would have an anti-competitive effect on the market as a whole.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide104

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Penalties

The ACCC is committed in bringing court actions against companies that breach the Competition and Consumer Act. Penalties for non-compliance of the CCA can be quite severe.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide105

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Penalties

Individuals may be fined up to $500,000 and since 2009 certain offences under the Competition and Consumer Act (such as price fixing or participation in a cartel) have been criminalised with executives who engage in conduct which contravenes the relevant provisions liable for a custodial sentence of up to 10 years in prison (44ZZRF and 44ZZRG of the CCA).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide106

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Penalties

Companies that do not comply with the consumer protection provisions of CCA may be fined by the Federal Court, up to $1.1 M for companies and $220,000 for individuals.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide107

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Penalties

The ACCC also has power to accept, on its on behalf, court enforceable undertakings under s87B of the Competition and Consumer Act. Such undertakings may include a wide range of remedies to the conduct.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide108

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Penalties

A range of other remedies can be ordered by the court. For example, companies are frequently forced to publish retractions of false advertising claims in national newspapers and at their places of business. Companies found in breach of the CCA are usually bound to implement a compliance program to ensure future compliance with the Act.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide109

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Consumer confidence

This criticism is most likely due to the inherent difficulty in obtaining sufficient evidence to prove breaches of the restrictive trade practices provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide110

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Consumer confidence

The report found that the Australian supermarket sector is "workably competitive", but price competition is limited by barriers to entry and a lack of incentive for the two major players, Coles and Woolworths, to compete on price

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide111

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Product safety and recalls

The ACCC maintains a website listing all Australian product recalls and the following organisations are commissioned to assist with the surveillance and monitoring of product safety in relevant areas.

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Slide112

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Product safety and recalls

Food products – Food Standards Australia New Zealand

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide113

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Product safety and recalls

Motor vehicles Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government (Australia)

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Slide114

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Product safety and recalls

Therapeutic goods – Therapeutic Goods Administration

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Slide115

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Product safety and recalls

Agricultural and veterinary products – Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority

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Slide116

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Product safety and recalls

Electrical goods – Australian Electrical Equipment Safety Regulators

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Slide117

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Product safety and recalls

Gas and appliance – Gas Technical Regulators Committee Australia New Zealand

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Slide118

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission - Product safety and recalls

The ACCC, in conjunction with state and territory offices of fair trading, is responsible for developing and enforcing mandatory consumer product safety standards except where the product falls into the jurisdiction of one of the specialist regulators mentioned above.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide119

Competition (economics)

Merriam-Webster defines competition in business as "the effort of two or more parties acting independently to secure the business of a third party by offering the most favorable terms." It was described by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations (1776) and later economists as allocating productive resources to their most highly-valued uses

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Slide120

Competition (economics)

The greater selection typically causes lower prices for the products, compared to what the price would be if there was no competition (monopoly) or little competition (oligopoly).

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Slide121

Competition (economics)

It is generally accepted that competition results in lower prices and a greater number of goods delivered to more people. Less competition is perceived to exhibit higher prices with a fewer number of goods delivered to fewer people.

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Slide122

Competition (economics) - Competition in practice

Competition is seen as a state which produces gains for the whole economy, through promoting consumer sovereignty. It may also lead to wasted (duplicated) effort and to increased costs (and prices) in some circumstances. In a small number of goods and services, the cost structure means that competition may be inefficient. These situations are known as natural monopoly and are usually publicly provided or tightly regulated. The most common example is water supplies.

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Slide123

Competition (economics) - Competition in practice

The most narrow form is direct competition (also called category competition or brand competition), where products that perform the same function compete against each other. For example, a brand of pick-up trucks competes with several different brands of pick-up trucks. Sometimes two companies are rivals and one adds new products to their line so that each company distributes the same thing and they compete.

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Slide124

Competition (economics) - Competition in practice

The next form is substitute competition, where products that are close substitutes for one another compete. For example, butter competes with margarine, mayonnaise, and other various sauces and spreads.

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Slide125

Competition (economics) - Competition in practice

The broadest form of competition is typically called budget competition. Included in this category is anything that the consumer might want to spend their available money (the so-called discretionary income) on. For example, a family that has $20,000 available may choose to spend it on many different items, which can all be seen as competing with each other for the family's available money.

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Slide126

Competition (economics) - Competition in practice

Finally, most businesses also encourage competition between individual employees

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Slide127

Competition (economics) - Competition in practice

Competition between countries is quite subtle to detect, but is quite evident in the World economy, where countries the US, Japan, the constituents of the European Union, China and the East Asian Tigers each try to outdo the other in the quest for economic supremacy in the global market, harkening to the concept of Kiasuism.Such competition is evident by the policies undertaken by these countries to educate the future workforce

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide128

Competition (economics) - Competition in practice

Within competitive markets, markets are often defined by their sub-sectors, such as the "short-term" or "long-term" market, the "seasonal" or "summer" market, or the "broad" or "remainder" market

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide129

Competition (economics) - Anti-competitive practices

A practice is anti-competitive if it is deemed to unfairly distort free and effective competition in the marketplace. Examples include cartelization(collusion among companies producing the same product or services to fix the price of goods or services intended to mutual higher profit), restrictive trading agreements, predatory pricing, and abuse of a dominant position.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide130

Federal Trade Commission - Bureau of Competition

It accomplishes this through the enforcement of antitrust laws, review of proposed mergers, and investigation into other non-merger business practices that may impair competition

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide131

Federal Trade Commission - Bureau of Competition

The FTC shares enforcement of antitrust laws with the Department of Justice. However, while the FTC is responsible for civil enforcement of antitrust laws, the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice has the power to bring both civil and criminal action in antitrust matters.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide132

Artificial intelligence - Competitions and prizes

There are a number of competitions and prizes to promote research in Artificial Intelligence. The main areas promoted are: general machine intelligence, conversational behavior, data-mining, robotic cars, robot soccer and games.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide133

HootSuite - Competition

HootSuite is competing in a marketplace for Social Media dashboard tools or platforms, where marketers are focused on Social Media management for their clients' web engagement activities

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide134

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

This model has proved somewhat successful, as witnessed in the Linux community

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Slide135

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

Operating Systems built on the Linux kernel are available for a wider range of processor architectures than Microsoft Windows, including PowerPC and SPARC. None of these can match the sheer popularity of the x86 architecture, nevertheless they do have significant numbers of users; Windows remains unavailable for these alternative architectures, although there have been such ports of it in the past.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide136

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

The most obvious complaint against FOSS revolves around the fact that making money through some traditional methods, such as the sale of the use of individual copies and patent royalty payments, is much more difficult and sometimes impractical with FOSS

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide137

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

Open-source software has a large number of alternative funding streams, which are actually better-connected to the real costs of creating and maintaining software. After all, the cost of making a copy of a software program is essentially zero, so per-use fees are perhaps unreasonable. At one time, open-source software development was almost entirely volunteer-driven, and although this is true for many small projects, many alternative funding streams have been identified and employed for FOSS:

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Slide138

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

Give away the program and charge for installation and support (used by many Linux distributions).

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Slide139

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

"Commoditize complements": make a product cheaper or free so that people are more likely to purchase a related product or service you do sell.

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Slide140

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

Cost avoidance / cost sharing: many developers need a product, so it makes sense to share development costs (this is the genesis of the X Window System and the Apache web server).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide141

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

Increasingly, FOSS is developed by commercial organizations. In 2004, Andrew Morton noted that 37,000 of the 38,000 recent patches in the Linux kernel were created by developers directly paid to develop the Linux kernel. Many projects, such as the X Window System and Apache, have had commercial development as a primary source of improvements since their inception. This trend has accelerated over time.

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Slide142

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

There are some who counter that the commercialization of FOSS is a poorly devised business model because commercial FOSS companies answer to parties with opposite agendas

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Slide143

Intel - Competition, antitrust and espionage

Two factors combined to end this dominance: the slowing of PC demand growth beginning in 2000 and the rise of the low cost PC

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide144

Intel - Competition, antitrust and espionage

Intel's dominance in the x86 microprocessor market led to numerous charges of antitrust violations over the years, including FTC investigations in both the late 1980s and in 1999, and civil actions such as the 1997 suit by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and a patent suit by Intergraph

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide145

Intel - Competition, antitrust and espionage

A case of industrial espionage arose in 1995 that involved both Intel and AMD

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Slide146

Intel - Competition

In the 1980s, Intel was among the top ten sellers of semiconductors (10th in 1987) in the world. In 1991, Intel became the biggest chip maker by revenue and has held the position ever since. Other top semiconductor companies include TSMC, Advanced Micro Devices, Samsung, Texas Instruments, Toshiba and STMicroelectronics.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide147

Intel - Competition

Competitors in PC chip sets include AMD, VIA Technologies, SiS, and Nvidia. Intel's competitors in networking include Freescale, Infineon, Broadcom, Marvell Technology Group and AMCC, and competitors in flash memory include Spansion, Samsung, Qimonda, Toshiba, STMicroelectronics, and Hynix.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide148

Intel - Competition

The only major competitor in the x86 processor market is Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), with which Intel has had full cross-licensing agreements since 1976: each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations without charge after a certain time

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Slide149

History of Linux - Competition from Microsoft

Although Torvalds has said that Microsoft's feeling threatened by Linux in the past was of no consequence to him, the Microsoft and Linux camps had a number of antagonistic interactions between 1997 and 2001

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Slide150

History of Linux - Competition from Microsoft

Competition entered a new phase in the beginning of 2004, when Microsoft published results from customer case studies evaluating the use of Windows vs. Linux under the name “Get the Facts” on its own web page. Based on inquiries, research analysts, and some Microsoft sponsored investigations, the case studies claimed that enterprise use of Linux on servers compared unfavorably to the use of Windows in terms of reliability, security, and total cost of ownership.

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Slide151

History of Linux - Competition from Microsoft

In response, commercial Linux distributors produced their own studies, surveys and testimonials to counter Microsoft's campaign

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Slide152

History of Linux - Competition from Microsoft

In the autumn of 2006, Novell and Microsoft announced an agreement to co-operate on software interoperability and patent protection. This included an agreement that customers of either Novell or Microsoft may not be sued by the other company for patent infringement. This patent protection was also expanded to non-commercial free software developers . The last part was criticized because it only included non-commercial free software developers.

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Slide153

History of Linux - Competition from Microsoft

In July 2009, Microsoft submitted 22,000 lines of source code to the Linux kernel under the GPLV2 license, which were subsequently accepted

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Slide154

History of Linux - Competition from Microsoft

By 2011 Microsoft had become the 17th largest contributor to the Linux kernel.

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Slide155

Intuit - Primary competition

Automatic Data Processing (ADP)

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Slide156

Teradata - Competition

Teradata's main competitors are similar products from vendors such as Oracle, IBM, Microsoft and Sybase IQ. Also, competitors include data warehouse appliance vendors such as Netezza (acquired in November 2010 by IBM), DATAllegro (acquired in August 2008 by Microsoft), ParAccel, Greenplum (acquired in July 2010 by EMC), and Vertica Systems (acquired in February 2011 by HP), and from packaged data warehouse applications such as SAP and Kalido.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide157

Telecommunications in Somaliland - Competition

Competition generated by SomCable's submarine cable project has driven down the cost of consumer international mobile calls to $0.30 USD per minute or less. The project was completed with the support and full cooperation of the Somaliland Telecommunication Operators Association.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide158

Group cohesiveness - External competition and threat

When members perceive active competition with another group, they become more aware of members’ similarity within their group as well as seeing their group as a means to overcome the external threat or competition they are facing

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Slide159

Federal Communications Commission - Telephone monopoly to competition

The important relationship of the FCC and the American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) Company has evolved over several years

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide160

CoverGirl - Competition

Maybelline Cosmetics (owned by L'Oréal), is CoverGirl's biggest competition, as both companies market to similar groups of consumers, and sell their products at similar prices

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide161

Philips - L-Prize competition

In 2011, Philips won a $10 million cash prize from the US Department of Energy for winning its L-Prize competition, to produce a high-efficiency, long operating life replacement for a standard 60-W incandescent lightbulb. The winning LED lightbulb, which was made available to consumers in April 2012, produces slightly more than 900 lumens at an input power of only 10 W.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide162

Global marketing - Worldwide competition

Competition continues to be market-based and ultimately relies on delivering superior value to consumers

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide163

Associated Press - Breach of contract and unfair competition

In November 2010 the Associated Press was sued by iCopyright. iCopyright's lawsuit asserts breach of contract and unfair competition in that the Associated Press launched a copyright-tracking registry, built upon information and business intelligence that the AP misappropriated from iCopyright.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide164

PepsiCo - Competition

The Coca-Cola Company has historically been considered PepsiCo's primary competitor in the beverage market, and in December 2005, PepsiCo surpassed The Coca-Cola Company in market value for the first time in 112 years since both companies began to compete

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide165

PepsiCo - Competition

PepsiCo's Frito-Lay and Quaker Oats brands hold a significant share of the U.S. snack food market, accounting for approximately 39 percent of U.S. snack food sales in 2009. One of PepsiCo's primary competitors in the snack food market overall is Kraft Foods, which in the same year held 11 percent of the U.S. snack market share.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide166

Airbus - Competition with Boeing

Airbus is in tight competition with Boeing every year for aircraft orders although Airbus has secured over 50 % of aircraft orders in the decade since 2003.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide167

Airbus - Competition with Boeing

Airbus won a greater share of orders in 2003 and 2004

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Slide168

Airbus - Competition with Boeing

Regarding operational aircraft, there were 7,264 Airbus aircraft operational at April 2013. Although Airbus secured over 50 % of aircraft orders in the decade since 2003, the number of Boeing aircraft still in operation at April 2013 still exceeded Airbus by 21 % because Airbus made a late entry into the market, 1972 vs. 1958 for Boeing; this lead is diminishing as older aircraft are progressively retired.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide169

Airbus - Competition with Boeing

Though both manufacturers have a broad product range in various segments from single-aisle to wide-body, their aircraft do not always compete head-to-head

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Slide170

Airbus - Competition with Boeing

In recent years the Boeing 777 has outsold its Airbus counterparts, which include the A340 family as well as the A330-300

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Slide171

Economic development - Community Competition

With the struggle to attract and retain business, competition is further intensified by the use of many variations of economic incentives to the potential business such as: tax incentives, investment capital, donated land, utility rate discounts, and many others

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Slide172

Economic development - Community Competition

Additionally, the use of community profiling tools and database templates to measure community assets versus other communities is also an important aspect of economic development

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide173

Los Angeles Times - Competition and rivalry

In the 19th century, the chief competition to the Times was the Los Angeles Herald, followed by the smaller Los Angeles Tribune. In December 1903, newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst began publishing the Los Angeles Examiner as a direct morning competitor to the Times. In the 20th century, the Los Angeles Express was an afternoon competitor, as was Manchester Boddy's Los Angeles Daily News, a Democratic newspaper.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide174

Los Angeles Times - Competition and rivalry

By the mid-1940s, the Times was the leading newspaper in terms of circulation in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. In 1948, it launched the Los Angeles Mirror, an afternoon tabloid, to compete with both the Daily News and the merged Herald-Express. In 1954, the Mirror absorbed the Daily News. The combined paper, the Mirror-News, ceased publication in 1962, when the Hearst afternoon Herald-Express was merged with the morning Los Angeles Examiner.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide175

S60 (software platform) - Competitions and the End of Symbian

In February 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft to integrate Windows Phone 7 as their Primary OS, leaving further Symbian development in question. Nokia has promised support for Symbian and its newer devices till at least 2016, but no new Symbian devices will be released after Nokia 808 PureView. As a part of this plan, Nokia announced on 29 April 2011, to transfer and outsource Symbian activities to Accenture along with 3000 employees.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide176

Panama Canal - Competition

Despite having enjoyed a privileged position for many years, the canal is increasingly facing competition from other quarters

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Slide177

Panama Canal - Competition

On June 15, 2013, Nicaragua awarded the Hong Kong-based HKND Group a 50-year concession to develop a canal through the country.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide178

Panama Canal - Competition

The increasing rate of melting of ice in the Arctic Ocean has led to speculation that the Northwest Passage or Arctic Bridge may become viable for commercial shipping at some point in the future. This route would save 9,300 km (5,800 mi) on the route from Asia to Europe compared with the Panama Canal, possibly leading to a diversion of some traffic to that route. However, such a route is beset by unresolved territorial issues and would still hold significant problems owing to ice.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide179

MacBook Air - Competition

A few years after the release of the MacBook Air, Intel developed a set of specifications for the Ultrabook, a higher-end type of subnotebook produced by various PC manufacturers and usually running Windows. Competing directly with the Air, the Ultrabook is intended to reduce size and weight, and extend battery life without compromising performance.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide180

Mark Papermaster - Noncompetition Agreement

Due to the sensitive nature of the information to which he would gain access, IBM had Papermaster sign a Noncompetition Agreement (see non-compete clause) June 21, 2006 in order to be considered for Integration & Values Team membership

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide181

AppleCare - Competition

There are several third-party warranty providers, along with traditional insurance providers, that will also cover Apple products. Some may include accident, loss, and theft coverage as well as hardware failure. Some major retailers that sell Apple products sell their own extended service plans as well. Examples of third-party companies that provide service plans include AuralSolve, SquareTrade and Consumer Priority Service.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide182

Automated theorem proving - Benchmarks and competitions

The quality of implemented systems has benefited from the existence of a large library of standard benchmark examples — the Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers (TPTP) Problem Library — as well as from the CADE ATP System Competition (CASC), a yearly competition of first-order systems for many important classes of first-order problems.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide183

Automated theorem proving - Benchmarks and competitions

E is a high-performance prover for full first-order logic, but built on a purely equational calculus, developed primarily in the automated reasoning group of Technical University of Munich.

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Slide184

Automated theorem proving - Benchmarks and competitions

Otter, developed at the Argonne National Laboratory, is the first widely used high-performance theorem prover. It is based on first-order resolution and paramodulation. Otter has since been replaced by Prover9, which is paired with Mace4.

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Slide185

Automated theorem proving - Benchmarks and competitions

SETHEO is a high-performance system based on the goal-directed model elimination calculus. It is developed in the automated reasoning group of Technical University of Munich. E and SETHEO have been combined (with other systems) in the composite theorem prover E-SETHEO.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide186

Automated theorem proving - Benchmarks and competitions

Vampire is developed and implemented at Manchester University by Andrei Voronkov and Krystof Hoder, formerly also by Alexandre Riazanov. It has won the CADE ATP System Competition in the most prestigious CNF (MIX) division for eleven years (1999, 2001–2010).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide187

Automated theorem proving - Benchmarks and competitions

Waldmeister is a specialized system for unit-equational first-order logic. It has won the CASC UEQ division for the last fourteen years (1997–2010).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide188

Automated theorem proving - Benchmarks and competitions

SPASS is a first order logic theorem prover with equality. This is developed by the research group Automation of Logic, Max Planck Institute for Computer Science.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide189

Algorithmic efficiency - Competitions for the best algorithms

The following competitions invite entries for the best algorithms based on some arbitrary criteria decided by the judges:-

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Slide190

Hard coding - Hard coding in competitions

In computing competitions such as the International Olympiad in Informatics, contestants are required to write a program with specific input-output pattern according to the requirement of the questions.

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Slide191

MPlayer.com - Competition

Mplayer was formed when there were few major online gaming services

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Slide192

Virgin Galactic - Competition

There are numerous other companies actively working on commercial passenger suborbital spaceflight.

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Slide193

Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

Drifting competitions are judged based on line, angle, speed and show factor

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Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

The judging takes place on just a small part of the circuit, a few linking corners that provide good viewing, and opportunities for drifting

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Slide195

Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

There are typically two sessions, a qualifying/practice session, and a final session. In the qualifying sessions, referred as Tansō (単走:solo run), drifters get individual passes in front of judges (who may or may not be the final judges) to try to make the final 16. This is often on the day preceding the final.

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Slide196

Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

The finals are tandem passes, referred as Tsuisō (追走:chasing race). Drivers are paired off, and each heat comprises two passes, with each driver taking a turn to lead. The best of the 8 heats go to the next 4, to the next 2, to the final. The passes are judged as explained above, however there are some provisos such as:

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Slide197

Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

Overtaking the lead car under drift conditions is ok if you don't interrupt the lead car's drift.

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Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

Overtaking the lead car under grip conditions automatically forfeits that pass.

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Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

Spinning forfeits that pass, unless the other driver also spins.

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Slide200

Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

Increasing the lead under drift conditions helps to win that pass.

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Slide201

Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

Maintaining a close gap while chasing under drift conditions helps to win that pass.

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Slide202

Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

Points are awarded for each pass, and usually one driver prevails

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Slide203

Drifting (motorsport) - Drift competition

There is some regional variation. For example in Australia, the chase car is judged on how accurately it emulates the drift of the lead car, as opposed to being judged on its own merit, this is only taken into consideration by the judges if the lead car is on the appropriate racing line. Other variations of the tansou/tsuiso and the tansou only method is the multi-car group judging, seen in the Drift Tengoku videos where the four car team is judged in groups.

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Slide204

BMW M3 - M3 CS (Competition Package)

While it is known as the M3 Competition Package (ZCP) in the US and mainland Europe, it is also known as the M3 CS (Club Sport) in the UK.

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Slide205

BMW M3 - M3 CS (Competition Package)

Although the M3 CSL was never exported to the United States, for 2005 BMW introduced an M3 Competition Package in both Europe and the US (a.k.a. CS/Club Sport in the UK): a $4,000 option which offered a number of upgrades taken from M3 CSL. The package includes:

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Slide206

BMW M3 - M3 CS (Competition Package)

Specially tuned spring rates for the Competition Package; this was carried over to all M3 production from 12/04 on.

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Slide207

BMW M3 - M3 CS (Competition Package)

CSL's M-Track Mode DSC with a button mounted on the steering wheel (deletion of cruise control and steering wheel mounted radio/phone controls)

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Slide208

BMW M3 - M3 CS (Competition Package)

CSL's Compound cross-drilled rotors; larger front rotor of 13.6 inches (from 12.6 inches) with black painted calipers

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Slide209

BMW M3 - M3 CS (Competition Package)

Interlagos Blue exterior paint available as an exclusive colour option.

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Slide210

BMW M3 - M3 CS (Competition Package)

Unique cube aluminum interior trim

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Slide211

BMW M3 - E92 M3 ZCP Competition Package

For 2011, BMW added the ZCP Competition Package to the M3’s lineup. Unlike the ZCP offered on the previous generation E46, the newest package didn’t change very much about the E92. Most of the adjustments were made to suspension components and the computer governing stability control. The changes for the E92 ZCP are as follows:

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Slide212

BMW M3 - E92 M3 ZCP Competition Package

- The suspension has been lowered by 10mm. The spring rates are the same, but the springs themselves are shorter, to compensate for the shorter stance. The suspension’s shock damping was also adjusted by the M division. This was in order to compensate for the lower ride height, primarily for rebounding damping rates as opposed to actual compression.

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Slide213

BMW M3 - E92 M3 ZCP Competition Package

- The Electronic Damper Control in the “Sport Mode” has been modified. A quote taken from the Manager of BMWNA’s M Division, Larry Koch: “The Sport Mode before ZCP was locked at 75% of the way to full stiff. It still has that as a default, but is now variable like the ‘Comfort’ and ‘Normal’ modes.” This translates to a stiffer ride whilst sport mode is engaged, aiding heavy cornering on a track at a cost to ride comfort when driving normally on the road.

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Slide214

BMW M3 - E92 M3 ZCP Competition Package

- Modifications have been made to the computer governing the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) in M Dynamic Mode

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Slide215

Areas of robotics - Robotics competitions

* DARPA Grand Challenge - prize competition for American vehicle automation|autonomous vehicles, funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the most prominent research organization of the United States United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense.

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Slide216

Areas of robotics - Robotics competitions

* Duke Annual Robo-Climb Competition

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Areas of robotics - Robotics competitions

* European Land-Robot Trial

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Slide218

Areas of robotics - Robotics competitions

* Junior FIRST Lego League|FIRST Junior Lego League

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Slide219

Areas of robotics - Robotics competitions

* FIRST Lego League

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Slide220

Chatterbot - Competitions

Chatterbot competitions focus on the Turing test or more specific goals. Two such annual contests are the Loebner Prize and .

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Slide221

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence

There are a number of competitions and prizes to promote research in Artificial Intelligence.

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Slide222

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - General machine intelligence

The soccer Machine Intelligence Prize is awarded annually by the British Computer Society for progress towards machine intelligence.

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Slide223

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - General machine intelligence

The Rumelhart Prize|David E. Rumelhart prize is an annual award for making a significant contemporary contribution to the theoretical foundations of human cognition. The prize is $100,000.

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Slide224

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - General machine intelligence

The Human-Competitive Award is an annual challenge started in 2004 to reward results competitive with the work of creative and inventive humans. The prize is $10,000. Entries are required to use evolutionary computing.

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Slide225

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - General machine intelligence

The IJCAI Award for Research Excellence is a biannual award given at the IJCAI conference to researcher in Artificial Intelligence as a recognition of excellence of their career.

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Slide226

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - General machine intelligence

The 2011 Federal Virtual World Challenge advertised by The White House and sponsored by the US Army held a competition offering a total of $52,000 USD in cash prize awards for general Artificial Intelligence applications, including adaptive learning systems, intelligent conversational bots, adaptive behavior (objects or processes) and more.

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Slide227

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Conversational behaviour

The Loebner prize is an annual competition to determine the best Turing test competitors. The winner is the computer system that, in the judges' opinions, demonstrates the most human conversational behaviour (with learning AI Ultra Hal winning in 2007, Jabberwacky in 2005 and 2006, and Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity|A.L.I.C.E. before that), they have an additional prize for a system that in their opinion passes a Turing test. This second prize has not yet been awarded.

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Slide228

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Pilotless aircraft

This competition is restricted to university teams (although industry and governmental sponsorship of teams is allowed)

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Slide229

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Driverless cars

In November 2010 the US Armed Forces extended the competition with the $1.6 million prize Multi Autonomous Ground-robotic International Challenge to consider cooperation between multiple vehicles in a simulated-combat situation.

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Slide230

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Data-mining and prediction

The Netflix Prize was a competition for the best collaborative filtering algorithm that predicts user ratings for films, based on previous ratings. The competition was held by Netflix, an online DVD-rental service. The prize was $1,000,000.

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Slide231

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Data-mining and prediction

The Pittsburgh Brain Activity Interpretation Competition will reward analysis of fMRI data to predict what individuals perceive and how they act and feel in a novel Virtual Reality world involving searching for and collecting objects, interpreting changing instructions, and avoiding a threatening dog. The prize in 2007 was $22,000.

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Slide232

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Robot soccer

The RoboCup and Federation of International Robot-soccer Association|FIRA are annual international robot soccer competitions. The International RoboCup Federation challenge is by 2050 a team of fully autonomous humanoid robot soccer players shall win the soccer game, comply with the official rule of the FIFA, against the winner of the most recent World Cup. PRESS RELEASE: 2 June 2003

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Slide233

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Logic, reasoning and knowledge representation

The Herbrand Award is a prize given by Conference on Automated Deduction|CADE Inc. to honour persons or groups for important contributions to the field of automated theorem proving|automated deduction. The prize is $1000.

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Slide234

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Logic, reasoning and knowledge representation

The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is a yearly competition of fully automated theorem provers for classical first order logic associated with the Conference on Automated Deduction|CADE and IJCAR conferences. The competition was part of the Alan Turing Centenary Conference in 2012, with total prizes of 9000 GBP given by Google.

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Slide235

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Logic, reasoning and knowledge representation

The SUMO prize is an annual prize for the best open source ontology extension of the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology|Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO), a formal theory of terms and logical definitions describing the world. The prize is $3000.

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Slide236

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Logic, reasoning and knowledge representation

The Hutter Prize|Hutter Prize for Lossless Compression of Human Knowledge is a cash prize which rewards compression improvements on a specific 100 MB English text file. The prize awards 500 euros for each one percent improvement. The organizers believe that text compression and AI are equivalent problems.

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Slide237

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Logic, reasoning and knowledge representation

The Cyc TPTP Challenge is a competition to develop reasoning methods for the Cyc comprehensive ontology and database of everyday common sense knowledge.http://www.opencyc.org/doc/tptp_challenge_problem_set The prize is 100 euros for each winner of two related challenges.http://www.opencyc.org/announce/Cyc%20ATP%20Challenges%20at%20CASC-J4

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Slide238

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Logic, reasoning and knowledge representation

The Eternity II challenge was a constraint satisfaction problem very similar to the Tetravex game. The objective is to lay 256 tiles on a 16x16 grid while satisfying a number of constraints. The problem is known to be NP-complete. The prize was US$ 2,000,000.http://uk.eternityii.com/competition-rules-eternity-2/ The competition ended in December 2010.

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Slide239

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

The World Computer Chess Championship has been held since 1970. The International Computer Games Association continues to hold an annual Computer Olympiad which includes this event plus computer competitions for many other games.

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Slide240

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

The Ing Prize was a substantial money prize attached to the World Computer Go Congress, starting from 1985 and expiring in 2000. It was a graduated set of handicap challenges against young professional players with increasing prizes as the handicap was lowered. At the time it expired in 2000, the unclaimed prize was 400,000 NT dollars for winning a 9-stone handicap match.

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Slide241

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

The AAAI General Game Playing Competition is a competition to develop programs that are effective at General Game Playing|general game playing. Given a definition of a game, the program must play it effectively without human intervention. Since the game is not known in advance the competitors cannot especially adapt their programs to a particular scenario. The prize in 2006 and 2007 was $10,000.

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Slide242

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

The 2007 Ultimate Computer Chess Challenge was a competition organised by FIDE|World Chess Federation that pitted

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Slide243

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

Deep Fritz against Deep Junior. The prize was $100,000.

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Slide244

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

The annual Arimaa#Arimaa Challenge|Arimaa Challenge offers a $10,000 prize until the year 2020 to develop a program that plays the board game Arimaa and defeats a group of selected human opponents.

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Slide245

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

2K Australia is offering a prize worth A$10,000 to develop a game-playing bot that plays a first-person shooter. The aim is to convince a panel of judges that it is actually a human player. The competition started in 2008 and was won in 2012. A new competition is planned for 2014.http://www.botprize.org/

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Slide246

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

The Google AI Challengehttp://ai-contest.com/index.php was a bi-annual online contest organized by the University of Waterloo Computer Science Club and sponsored by Google that ran from 2009 to 2011. Each year a game was chosen and contestants submitted specialized computer game bot|automated bots to play against other competing bots.

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Slide247

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

The http://www.computerpokercompetition.org/ began in 2006 and is an annual event associated with the AAAI and IJCAI conferences. Teams submit computer agents to a round-robin tournament in which millions of hands of poker are played to obtain statistically significant results, allowing the comparison of competing algorithms and approaches. Competitors are ranked both by their ability to defeat all opponents, and also to maximize their winnings against the full set of opponents.

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Slide248

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

Cloudball had its first round in Spring 2012 and finished on June 15. It is an international Artificial Intelligence programming contest, where users continiously submit the actions their soccer teams will take in each time step, in simple high level C# code.

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Slide249

Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - Games

is an anual programming competition, held in January. See also: Traditions and student activities at MIT#BattleCode .286.370.29|BattleCode (6.370) at MIT.

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Slide250

Computer Go - Competitions among computer Go programs

Several annual competitions take place between Go computer programs, the most prominent being the Go events at the Computer Olympiad. Regular, less formal, competitions between programs occur on the (monthly) and the (continuous).

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Slide251

Computer Go - Competitions among computer Go programs

Prominent go-playing programs include Crazy Stone, Zen, Aya, Mogo, The Many Faces of Go, pachi and Fuego, all listed above; and Taiwanese-authored coldmilk and Dutch-authored Steenvreter.

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Slide252

Ceridian - Primary Competition

* Automatic Data Processing|ADP

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Slide253

Ceridian - Primary Competition

* Intuit|Intuit Online Payroll

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Slide254

Sporting Clube de Portugal - Domestic competitions

* 'Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira|Portuguese SuperCup: 7'

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Slide255

Sporting Clube de Portugal - Domestic competitions

* 'Taça de Portugal#Campeonato de Portugal|Championship of Portugal: 4 (record tied with FC Porto)'

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Slide256

Sporting Clube de Portugal - International competitions

* 'European Cup Winners' Cup: 1'

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Slide257

Sporting Clube de Portugal - International competitions

:* 1964 European Cup Winners' Cup Final|1963–64

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Slide258

Blu-ray Disc - Competition from HD DVD

The DVD Forum, chaired by Toshiba, was split over whether to develop the more expensive blue laser technology

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Slide259

Blu-ray Disc - Competition from HD DVD

HD DVD had a head start in the high-definition video market, as Blu-ray Disc sales were slow to gain market share. The first Blu-ray Disc player was perceived as expensive and buggy, and there were few titles available.

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Slide260

Blu-ray Disc - Competition from HD DVD

The appearance of the Sony PlayStation 3, which contained a Blu-ray Disc player for primary storage, helped support Blu-ray. Sony also ran a more thorough and influential marketing campaign for the format. 2006 also saw the launch of AVCHD camcorders, whose recordings can be played back on many Blu-ray Disc players without re-encoding, but not on HD DVD players.

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Slide261

Blu-ray Disc - Competition from HD DVD

By January 2007, Blu-ray Discs had outsold HD DVDs, and during the first three-quarters of 2007, BD outsold HD DVD by about two to one. At International CES|CES 2007, Warner proposed Total Hi Def—a hybrid disc containing Blu-ray on one side and HD DVD on the other, but it was never released.

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Slide262

Blu-ray Disc - Competition from HD DVD

In a June 28, 2007 press release, Twentieth Century Fox cited Blu-ray Disc's adoption of the BD+ anticopying system as key to their decision to support the Blu-ray Disc format.

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Slide263

Blu-ray Disc - Competition from HD DVD

On January 4, 2008, a day before International CES|CES 2008, Warner Bros

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Slide264

Blu-ray Disc - Competition from HD DVD

Following these new developments, on February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced it would end production of HD DVD devices, allowing Blu-ray Disc to become the industry standard for high-density optical discs

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Slide265

3DO Interactive Multiplayer - Market competition

'Video Game (primary market at launch)'

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Slide266

3DO Interactive Multiplayer - Market competition

* NEC TurboGrafx-16|PC Engine with Super CD-ROM expansion

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Slide267

3DO Interactive Multiplayer - Market competition

* Nintendo's Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES

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Slide268

3DO Interactive Multiplayer - Market competition

(multi-purpose audio/video systems)

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Slide269

Google Friend Connect - Competition

*Friend Connect sites (Google, Myspace and Facebook) emerged at similar times and have therefore experienced competition throughout the development stages.

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Slide270

Google Friend Connect - Competition

*Google and Facebook announced their plans for Friend Connect sites within days of each other.

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Slide271

Google Friend Connect - Competition

*In May 2008 Facebook blocked its users from using Google Friend Connect. The block was a result of Facebook's concerns with Google's privacy policy as Facebook believed user information could be redistributed to others without their knowledge. Google responded by saying that users are in control of their data at all timesArrington, M. (2008) He Said, She Said In Google v Facebook. Available: http://techcrunch.com/2008/05/15/he-said-she-said-in-google-v-facebook/. Last accessed: 19/04/2011

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Slide272

Google Friend Connect - Competition

*Just hours after Yahoo announced a planned implementation of Facebook Connect on its network of sites, Google announced that you can now use your Twitter credentials to register on Google Friend Connect sites.Paul, I. (2009) It's Google Friend Connect vs Facebook Connect. Available: . Last accessed: 19/04/2011

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Slide273

Google Friend Connect - Competition

*In 2009 Google Friend Connect altered its installation process. It no longer required the need for any file uploads. These changes came two days after Facebook Connect modified their installation process.Kincaid, J. (2009) Easy Does IT: Google Friend Connect One-Ups Facebook Connect's Install Wizard. Available: http://techcrunch.com/2009/10/02/easy-does-it-google-friend-connect-one-ups-facebook-connects-install-wizard/. Last accessed: 18/04/2011

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Slide274

Competition of Google Street View

Google Street View is the most extensive street view service in the world, but there are others who provide more specific coverage of certain areas:

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Slide275

Competition of Google Street View - Asia

* 'China': Chinese company introduced Street View for cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wenzhou, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Qingdao, Dongguan, Xiamen, Zhuhai, Nanning, Guilin and other Chinese cities in July 2006, a year ahead of Google.Also, Soso.com, a search engine owned by Tencent, offers street view for Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Xi'an, Chengdu, Kunming, Wuhan, Lijiang, Dali, Yunnan|Dali, Sanya, Wuyuan, Urumqi, Harbin, Changchun, Gobi Desert, including Lhasa and other small populated places., and is currently in the progress of expanding its coverage to other cities in China.

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Slide276

Competition of Google Street View - Asia

* 'India': A local service called WoNoBo offers street view for Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Surat, Jaipur, Goa, Kolkata, Agra, Pune.

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Slide277

Competition of Google Street View - Asia

* 'Kazakhstan': Russian company Yandex, offers street view for Astana and Almaty.

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Slide278

Competition of Google Street View - Asia

* 'South Korea': Daum Communications|Daum provides street view coverage for large parts of the country including both urban and rural areas. Also offers street view and plane view for large parts of the country.

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Slide279

Competition of Google Street View - Asia

* 'Thailand': MapJack provides street views of the south of the country.

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Slide280

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Belarus': Belarusian company Interfax.by offers street view for Minsk and Grodno. Also Russian company Yandex, offers street view for Minsk, Brest, Belarus|Brest, Gomel, Vitebsk, Magileu and Grodno.

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Slide281

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Belgium': CycloMedia Technology BV offers actual street views of Flanders on pixel level with 10 cm accuracy.

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Slide282

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Denmark': CycloMedia Technology BV offers actual street views of Odense, Aarhus and Copenhagen on pixel level with 10 cm accuracy. The Danish map-tool, Krak, offers their own version of street view in the largest Danish cities, including Copenhagen, Odense and Aarhus. Nokia Maps offers street views of Copenhagen.

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Slide283

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'France': French website Urbandive.com offers street views of major cities in France. Bing Maps offers street view for Paris.

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Slide284

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Germany': CycloMedia Technology BV offers actual street views of already 50 cities in Germany on pixel level with 10 cm accuracy. More to come. Bing Maps offered street view for Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich, Augsburg, Ingolstadt, Nuremberg, Furth, Erlangen, Stuttgart, Pforzheim, Karlsruhe, Wiesbaden, Mainz, Düsseldorf, Essen and other locations until May 23, 2012.

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Slide285

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Greece': Greek company Kapou has introduced a similar system.

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Slide286

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

*'Hungary': Romanian company NORC (web service)|NORC provides street view service for Budapest, Debrecen, Győr, Miskolc, Szeged, Hajdúszoboszló, Siofok and the rest of Lake Balaton's shores.

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Slide287

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Italy': www.veniceconnected.com introduced a similar system for Venice including canal view.

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Slide288

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Iceland': Já.is has announced that they were going to release Já 360° in 2013.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide289

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Norway': CycloMedia Technology BV offers actual street views of Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim on pixel level with 10 cm accuracy. Norwegian web page finn.no launched their own Street View service. There are 12 cities and towns available so far. The quality of the imagery seems better than the service offered by Google, and the images are more recently taken. Nokia Maps offers street views of Oslo.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide290

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Poland': CycloMedia Technology BV offers actual street views of Warsaw on pixel level with 10 cm accuracy. Polish website Zumi.pl offers street view for different cities in the country.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide291

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Romania': Romanian company NORC (web service)|NORC is taking pictures of the Romania and other countries in Eastern and Central Europe. NORC has 360 degree pictures for the biggest Romanian cities, for the Danube Delta (using a boat for capturing photos), for some cities in Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Russia and in Austria (Vienna).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide292

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Russia': The first 360 degree panoramas project was started by real estate website gdeetotdom.ru on March 17, 2008

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide293

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Sweden': There are various Swedish street view analogues; the two most popular ones are Gatubild (Street picture) at Hitta.se with 29 cities, which launched in December 2008, and Gatuvy (Street view) at Eniro with eight cities and three winter resorts, which launched in December 2009. CycloMedia Technology BV offers actual street views of the largest cities in Sweden e.g. Göteborg, Stockholm, and Malmö on pixel level with 10 cm accuracy. Nokia Maps offers street views of Stockholm.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide294

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Switzerland': GlobalVision launched VideoStreetView web-platform in December 2009. Accessible through , the projects covers large parts of the country and displays 360° immersive video|immersive images in full-video motion alongside dynamic maps. The public project is reportedly developing to other major cities and metropolitan areas around the world, Dubai, Saigon and Bangkok, among others.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide295

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Netherlands': CycloMedia Technology BV offers actual and historic street views of the Netherlands on pixel level with 10 cm accuracy.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide296

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Turkey': Russian company Yandex offers street view for Ankara, Istanbul, Bursa, İzmit, Kuşadası, Didim and Izmir. Also a local service Dunya 360 offers street view for Göynük and some other places

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide297

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'Ukraine': Russian company Yandex, offers street view for Kiev, Odessa, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Pripyat (city)|Pripyat (well-known abandoned city near Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant) and other locations.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide298

Competition of Google Street View - Europe

* 'United Kingdom': seety.co.uk provides coverage for London. Nokia Maps offers street views of London. Bing Maps offers street view for London, Liverpool and Manchester.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide299

Competition of Google Street View - North America

* 'Canada': Microsoft's Bing Maps introduced Streetside in December 2009. It features selected areas in Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia|Whistler, British Columbia associated with the 2010 Winter Olympic Games.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide300

Competition of Google Street View - North America

* 'United States': CycloMedia's mission is to cover the most populated areas in the US over the next 3 years (starting 2013) and keep them updated continuously

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide301

Competition of Google Street View - North America

Streetside, EveryScape and MapJack provide street views of some cities. Mapquest had a street view service called 360 View, which was discontinued in August 2011. Nokia Maps offers street views of San Francisco.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide302

Competition of Google Street View - Oceania

* 'New Zealand': EveryScape provides coverage for Christchurch.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide303

Competition of Google Street View - South America

* 'Argentina': Two Argentine analogues also exist, one is called Mapplo, which is claimed to be the first street view in Latin America. Fotocalle, another Argentine project, is claimed to be the first street view service in the world to provide HD pictures.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide304

Competition of Google Street View - South America

* 'Chile': Chilean company Publiguías released a service similar to Google's Street View in December 2010 called

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide305

Sony Music Entertainment Japan - Increased competition

The company's leading role on the Japanese market was increasingly challenged by labels such as Avex Group|Avex (where SMEJ formerly owned 5 percent of shares).Steve McClure: In Billboard, February 28, 1998.Steve McClure: In: Billboard, February 28, 1998

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide306

Sony Music Entertainment Japan - Increased competition

Since then it was said that SMEJ ceded to Avex's challenge,. Cnngo.com (2009-12-11). Retrieved on 2013-07-16. but SMEJ bounced back and regained leadership from its indie rival until 2012. SMEJ netted 22.4 billion yen for 1H 2012 and 14.3% of the market, second behind Avex (24.95 B yen, 15.9%).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide307

Intellivision - Competition and market crash

Amid the flurry of new hardware, there was trouble for the Intellivision

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide308

Intellivision - Competition and market crash

In the spring of 1983, Mattel went from aggressively hiring game programmers to layoff|laying them off within a two-week period. By August, there were massive layoffs, and the price of the Intellivision II (which launched at $150 earlier that year) was lowered to $69. Mattel Electronics posted a $300 million loss. Early in 1984, the division was closed — the first high-profile victim of the crash.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide309

Intellivision - Competition and market crash

Intellivision game sales continued when a liquidator (law)|liquidator purchased all rights to the Intellivision and its software from Mattel, as well as all remaining inventory

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide310

Intellivision - Competition and market crash

Intellivision games became readily available again when Keith Robinson, an early Intellivision programmer responsible for the game purchased the software rights and founded a new company, Intellivision Productions

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide311

Intellivision - Competition and market crash

On March 24, 2010, Microsoft launched the Game Room service for Xbox Live and Games for Windows - Live|Games for Windows Live. This service includes support for Intellivision titles and allows players to compete against one another for high scores via online leaderboards. At the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show, Microsoft announced a version of Game Room for Windows Phone, promising a catalog of 44 Intellivision titles.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide312

Gmail - Competition

After Gmail's initial development and launch, many existing web mail services quickly increased their storage capacity.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide313

Gmail - Competition

For example, Hotmail increased space for some users from 2 MB to 25 MB, with 250 MB after 30 days, and 2 GB for Hotmail Plus accounts. Yahoo! Mail went from 4 MB to 100 MB and 2 GB for Yahoo! Mail Plus accounts. Yahoo! Mail storage then increased to 250 MB and in late April 2005 to 1 GB.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide314

Gmail - Competition

Yahoo! Mail announced that it would be providing unlimited storage to all its users in March 2007 and began providing it in May 2007.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide315

Gmail - Competition

These were all seen as moves to stop existing users from switching to Gmail and to capitalize on the newly rekindled public interest in web mail services. The desire to catch up was especially noted in the case of MSN's Hotmail, which upgraded its email storage from 250 MB to the new Windows Live Hotmail which includes 5 GB of storage that expands if necessary. In November 2006, MSN Hotmail upgraded all free accounts to 1 GB of storage.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide316

Gmail - Competition

In June 2005, AOL started providing all AOL Instant Messenger|AIM screen names with their own email accounts with 2 GB of storage.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide317

Gmail - Competition

Google may terminate a Gmail account after nine months of inactivity. Other webmail services have different, often shorter, times for marking an account as inactive. Yahoo! Mail deactivates dormant accounts after four months.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide318

Gmail - Competition

As well as increasing storage limits following the launch of Gmail, Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail also enhanced their email interfaces. During 2005, Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail matched Gmail's attachment size of 10 MB. Following the footsteps of Gmail, Yahoo! launched the Yahoo! Mail Beta service and Microsoft launched Windows Live Hotmail, both incorporating Ajax (programming)|Ajax interfaces.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide319

Gmail - Competition

Google increased the maximum attachment size to 20 MB in May 2007 and to 25 MB in June 2009.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide320

Digital Millennium Copyright Act - Title III: Computer Maintenance Competition Assurance Act

DMCA Title III modified of the copyright title so that those repairing computers could make certain temporary, limited copies while working on a computer. It reversed the precedent set in MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc., 991 F.2d 511 (9th Cir. 1993).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide321

Digital Millennium Copyright Act - Effect on innovation and competition

In at least one court case, the DMCA has been used by Open Source software projects to defend against conversion of software (i.e., license violations) that involved removal of copyright notices. This defense can be used even without timely copyright registration, and can generate attorney fee awards, which together make it a useful strategy for Open Source organizations.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide322

Aakash (tablet) - Competition

Other low cost tablets compete against Datawind's UbiSlate 7 series tablets.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide323

Text messaging - Increasing competition

While text messaging is still a growing market, traditional SMS are becoming increasingly challenged by alternative messaging services which are available on smartphones with data connections. These services are much cheaper and offer more functionality like exchanging of multimedia content (e.g. photos, videos or audio notes) and group messaging. Especially in western countries some of these services attract more and more users.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide324

Text messaging - Records and competition

The Guinness Book of World Records has a World Record for text messaging, currently held by Sonja Kristiansen of Norway

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide325

Text messaging - Records and competition

The Book of Alternative Records lists Chris Young of Salem, Oregon, as the world-record holder for the fastest 160-character text message where the contents of the message are not provided ahead of time. His record of 62.3 seconds was set on 23 May 2007.. Alternativerecords.co.uk. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide326

Text messaging - Records and competition

Elliot Nicholls of Dunedin, New Zealand, currently holds the World Record for the fastest blindfolded text messaging. A record of a 160-letter text in 45 seconds while blindfolded was set on 17 November 2007, beating the old record of 1-minute 26 seconds set by an Italian in September 2006.. Tvnz.co.nz (17 November 2007). Retrieved on 2012-04-05.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide327

Text messaging - Records and competition

Ohio native Andrew Acklin is credited with the World Record for most text messages sent or received in a single month, with 200,052

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide328

Text messaging - Records and competition

In January 2010, LG Electronics sponsored an international competition, the LG Mobile World Cup, to determine the fastest pair of texters. The winners were a team from South Korea, Ha Mok-min and Bae Yeong-ho.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide329

Text messaging - Records and competition

On 6 April 2011, SKH Apps released an iPhone app, iTextFast, to allow consumers to test their texting speed and practice the paragraph used by Guinness Book of World Records. The current best time listed on Game Center for that paragraph is 34.65 seconds.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide330

Airbus A320 family - Competition

As of 2010, as well as the Boeing 737, the A320 family faces competition from Embraer|Embraer's Embraer E-Jets|E-195 (to the A318), and the Bombardier CSeries|CSeries being developed by Bombardier Aerospace|Bombardier to the A318/A319.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide331

Airbus A320 family - Competition

Airbus has delivered 5,402 A320 series aircraft since their certification/first delivery in early 1988, with another 3,629 on firm order (as of 31 December 2012). In comparison, Boeing has shipped 7,425 737s since late 1967, with 5,919 of those deliveries since March 1988, and has a further 3,074 on firm order (as of 31 December 2012).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide332

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

The most obvious complaint against FOSS revolves around the fact that making money through some traditional methods, such as the sale of the use of individual copies and patent Royalties|royalty payments, is much more difficult and sometimes impractical with FOSS

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide333

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

* Give away the program and charge for installation and support (used by many Linux distributions).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide334

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

* Commoditizing the complement|Commoditize complements: make a product cheaper or free so that people are more likely to purchase a related product or service you do sell.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide335

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

* Cost avoidance / cost sharing: many developers need a product, so it makes sense to share development costs (this is the genesis of the X Window System and the Apache HTTP Server|Apache web server).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide336

Comparison of open source and closed source - Handling competition

Increasingly, FOSS is developed by commercial organizations. In 2004, Andrew Morton (computer programmer)|Andrew Morton noted that 37,000 of the 38,000 recent patches in the Linux kernel were created by developers directly paid to develop the Linux kernel. Many projects, such as the X Window System and Apache, have had commercial development as a primary source of improvements since their inception. This trend has accelerated over time.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide337

ARCA (NGO) - Lunar X-Prize competition

The agency has committed itself as a competitor in the Google Lunar X-Prize. ARCA, the first European Union team to register for the competition, had a unique approach to completing their objective. The project is labeled HAAS-ELE and consists of a High altitude balloon|(high altitude) balloon-launch for a three-stage rocket. The new approach consists of using a supersonic rocket plane to get the HAAS II and its payload to 16km before launch.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide338

Google logo - Doodle4Google competitions

A similar competition held in Singapore based on the theme Our Singapore was launched in January 2010 and the winning entry was chosen from over 30,000 entries received

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide339

Fox Business Network - Competition with other business and financial news channels

Before the network premiered, few specific facts were made public as to the type of programming approach Fox Business is taking. However, some details emerged as to how it differentiates itself from its main competitor, CNBC.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide340

Fox Business Network - Competition with other business and financial news channels

At a media summit hosted by BusinessWeek magazine, Rupert Murdoch was quoted as saying CNBC is too negative towards business

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide341

Knol - Competition

Knol has been described both as a rival to encyclopedia sites such as Wikipedia, Citizendium, and Scholarpedia and as a complement to Wikipedia, offering a different format that addresses many of Wikipedia's shortcomings.See the french knol : [http://knol.google.com/k/patrick-serrafero/pourquoi-knol-et-wikipdia-ne-sont-pas/u2xblumubn5o/10# Pourquoi Knol et Wikipedia ne sont pas concurrrents] The non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, which owns the name Wikipedia and the servers hosting the Wikipedia projects, welcomed the Google Knol initiative saying that The more good free content, the better for the world

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide342

Knol - Competition

Despite the official Wikimedia response and the differences in format, former Wikimedia Foundation chair Florence Devouard expressed concern over Knol's potential threat to Wikipedia in terms of the competition it would create

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide343

Knol - Competition

Because of Knol's format, some said Knol would be more like About.com than Wikipedia

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide344

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2008 competition

Amazon introduced the Breakthrough Novel Award in 2007.[http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-10-01-bookcontests_N.htm 2 booksellers launch literary contests] USA Today The first competition began in late 2007 and ended in early 2008

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide345

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2008 competition

On March 3, 2008, the top ten finalists were announced. All received a prize package from HP and a self-publishing package from BookSurge.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide346

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2008 competition

* The Wet Nurse's Tale by Erica Eisdorfer

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide347

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2008 competition

* The Butterflies of Grand Canyon by Margaret Erhart

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide348

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2008 competition

* Ring of Lies by Karen Laugel

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide349

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2008 competition

* Motherless Children by Randall Luce

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide350

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2008 competition

* Wrecking Civilization Before Lunch by John Ring

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide351

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2008 competition

Amazon customers voted to pick the grand-prize winner. The top three received a trip to New York City. On April 7, 2008, Fresh Kills by Bill Loehfelm was announced as the first winner of the Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award.[http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/New-Orleans-man-wins-Amazon-book-award-1269474.php New Orleans man wins Amazon book award] Seattle PI Loehfelm won a larger prize package from HP and a $25,000 advance on a publishing contract with Penguin.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide352

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2009 competition

In late 2008, Amazon started taking in entries for the 2009 ABNA awards. The judges for the year were announced to be Sue Grafton, Sue Monk Kidd, Barney Karpfinger, and Eamon Dolan. Finalists were announced May 15, 2009.[http://www.mediabistro.com/galleycat/amazon-breakthrough-novel-award-finalists_b9221 Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award Finalists] GalleyCat

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide353

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2009 competition

*In Malice, Quite Close by Brandi Lynn Ryder

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide354

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2009 competition

*Stuff of Legends by Ian Gibson

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide355

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2009 competition

On May 27, 2009, Bill Warrington's Last Chance by James King was announced as the winner of that year's contest.[http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6717632.html Hurry and Enter the Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award Competition] School Library Journal King received a publishing contract that included a $25,000 advance.[http://voices.washingtonpost.com/shortstack/2009/05/breakthrough_winner.html Breakthrough Winner] WashingtonPost.com Bill Warrington's Last Chance was published by Viking, an imprint of Penguin Group (USA).

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide356

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2009 competition

Sue Grafton, New York Times-bestselling author, said about the winning entry, This is what reading is about and what a good book is supposed to do.[http://www.amazon.com/gp/feature.html/?plgroup=2docId=1000376921 Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award Winner!] Amazon.com

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide357

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2010 competition

Another change from the previous competition was that the total amount of submissions allowed entry was raised to 10,000 entrants, double the amount of the 2008 competition.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide358

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2010 competition

The top six finalists for the 2010 competition were announced on May 25, 2010, with Amazon customers voted for the grand-prize winner for each category.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide359

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2010 competition

* Service of the Crown by Alex Airdale (later retitled The Cadet of Tildor and published under the name Alex Lidell)

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide360

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2010 competition

* Fortune Cookies by Jennifer Handford (later retitled Daughters for a Time)

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide361

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2010 competition

On June 14, 2010, Amazon announced the winner of the 2010 ABNA.[http://www.mediabistro.com/galleycat/amazon-breakthrough-novel-award-winners-announced_b11965 Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award Winners Announced] Galleycat Patricia McArdle (Farishta) and Amy Ackley (Sign Language) were announced the winners of their respective categories, each winning a publishing contract with Penguin as well as a $15,000 advance on their first book.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide362

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2011 competition

The top six finalists for the competition were announced on May 26, 2011, with the winners announced on June 15, 2011

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide363

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2011 competition

* Lost in Thought by Cara Bertrand

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide364

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2011 competition

* Devolution by Richard Larson

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide365

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2011 competition

* 'East of Denver by Gregory Hill (author)|Gregory Hill'

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide366

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2012 competition

In late 2011 Amazon and Penguin Group (USA) released details of the 2012 Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award, with the dates for the elimination rounds being the same as the previous year. While the previous years' winners had all been residents of the United States of America, the 2012 contest would be open to international contestants' entries.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide367

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2012 competition

The top six finalists for the 2012 competition were announced on May 22, 2012.[http://www.amazon.com/gp/feature.html?plgroup=2docId=1000803041 2012 Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award Finalists] Amazon ABNA On June 17 the winners were announced, with Alan Averill winning the award for general fiction and Regina Sirois winning the award for young adult.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide368

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2012 competition

* 'The Beautiful Land by Alan Averill (author)|Alan Averill'

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide369

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2012 competition

* Grace Humiston and the Vanishing by Charles Kelly

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide370

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2012 competition

* Out of Nowhere by Rebecca Phillips

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide371

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2013 competition

In December 2012, Amazon announced the details of the 2013 competition. There were 10,000 starting entries, and the elimination process was similar to last year, until the end where they ran a Final 5 round and announced the winner through an online vote. The semi-finalists are shown here:

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide372

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2013 competition

;General literature: It Happened in Wisconsin by Ken Moraff

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide373

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2013 competition

;Young Adult Fiction: Timebound by Rysa Walker

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide374

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2013 competition

;Mystery/Thriller: The Hidden by Jo Chumas

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide375

Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award - 2013 competition

On June 15, 2013 at a convention in Seattle, Washington, it was announced that Timebound by Rysa Walker won the Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award for 2013. Walker will get a $50,000 advance and a contract with Skyscape Publishing.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide376

Major League Soccer - Competition format

Major League Soccer's regular season runs from March to October with its 19 teams playing 34 games in an unbalanced schedule

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide377

Major League Soccer - Competition format

MLS has three automatic berths in the CONCACAF Champions League for its American clubs, with an additional spot available via the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup|U.S. Open Cup; Canadian clubs can qualify for a single berth via the Canadian Championship.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide378

Mahjong - Competition

In 1998, in the interest of dissociating illegal gambling from mahjong, the China State Sports Commission published a new set of rules, now generally referred to as Chinese Official rules or International Tournament rules (see Guobiao Majiang). The principles of the new, wholesome mahjong are no gambling, no drinking, and no smoking. In international tournaments, players are often grouped in teams to emphasize that mahjong from now on is considered a sport.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide379

Mahjong - Competition

The new rules are highly pattern-based

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide380

Mahjong - Competition

The new rules were first used in an international tournament in Tokyo, where, in 2002, the first World Championship in Mahjong was organized by the Mahjong Museum, the Japan Mahjong Organizing Committee, and the city council of Ningbo, China

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide381

Mahjong - Competition

The competition was won by Masato Chiba from Japan

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide382

Mahjong - Competition

In 2006, the World Mahjong Organization (WMO) was founded in Beijing, China, with the cooperation of, amongst others, the Japan Mahjong Organizing Committee (JMOC) and the European Mahjong Association (EMA)

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Slide383

Mahjong - Competition

Western or American-style mah jongg tournaments are held in virtually every state — the largest is in Las Vegas, Nevada twice a year, and in Atlantic City, New Jersey, by Mah Jongg Madness; and the annual cruise hosted by the National Mah Jongg League and Mah Jongg Madness (MJM)

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Slide384

Direct2Drive - Competition with Steam

It was one of the major competitors to Valve Corporation|Valve's Steam (software)|Steam digital storefront and has been described as the other major purveyor of digital distribution.[http://www.kotaku.com.au/2008/11/pc_sales_charts_now_with_added_direct2drive-2/ PC Sales Charts (Now With Added Direct2Drive) - Kotaku] A non-scientific survey run by gaming news site Kotaku in 2010 indicated that of around 30,000 respondents, 8% had purchased a game from Direct2Drive.[http://www.kotaku.com.au/2010/03/kotaku-census-2010-the-results-in-full/#more-385762 Kotaku Census 2010] While Steam customers can browse the storefront via the downloadable client or the website, the D2D store was only available on the website

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Slide385

Google Lunar X Prize - Competition summary

Finally, Space Florida, one of the Preferred Partners for the competition has offered an additional US$2 million bonus to teams who launch their mission from the state of Florida.

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Slide386

Google Lunar X Prize - Competition summary

The Google Lunar X Prize expires when all constituent purses have been claimed or at the end of the year 2015 (whichever comes first)

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Slide387

Google Lunar X Prize - Competition summary

The closing date for the competition was originally announced to be Dec 31, 2012 for the 'Grand Prize' of $20M and 2014 for the reduced prize of $15M.[http://web.archive.org/web/20070916134654/http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/lunar/competition/guidelines archive.org: Google Lunar X PRIZE Competition Guidelines], version dated Sep 16, 2007 In 2010 the closing date was extended to Dec 31, 2015.

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Slide388

FIFA World Cup - Previous international competitions

The world's first international football match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 between Scotland national football team|Scotland and England national football team|England, which ended in a 0–0 draw

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Slide389

FIFA World Cup - Previous international competitions

After FIFA was founded in 1904, it tried to arrange an international football tournament between nations outside the Olympic framework in Switzerland in 1906. These were very early days for international football, and the official history of FIFA describes the competition as having been a failure.

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Slide390

FIFA World Cup - Previous international competitions

At the Football at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908 Summer Olympics in London, football became an official competition. Planned by The Football Association (FA), England's football governing body, the event was for amateurism|amateur players only and was regarded suspiciously as a show rather than a competition. Great Britain (represented by the England national amateur football team) won the gold medals. They repeated the feat in Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics|1912 in Stockholm.

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Slide391

FIFA World Cup - Previous international competitions

The competition is sometimes described as The First World Cup, and featured the most prestigious professional club sides from Italy, Germany and Switzerland, but the FA of England refused to be associated with the competition and declined the offer to send a professional team

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Slide392

FIFA World Cup - Previous international competitions

This paved the way for the world's first intercontinental football competition, at the Football at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920 Summer Olympics, contested by Egypt national football team|Egypt and thirteen European teams, and won by Belgium national football team|Belgium

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Slide393

Fandango (ticket service) - Competition

Fandango is one of two major online advance movie ticket sale sites, along with MovieTickets.com

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Slide394

Fandango (ticket service) - Competition

Mergers of movie chains have complicated matters regarding which company provides online ticketing for a particular chain. Upon Regal's acquisition of Consolidated Theatres, that chain was under contract to MovieTickets.com; as such Fandango does not ticket those Regal theaters. On the other hand, Regal's acquisition of the Hoyts chain resulted in Fandango taking over their online ticketing.

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Slide395

Fandango (ticket service) - Competition

Prior to 2012, Fandango did not provide online ticketing for many AMC Theaters

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Slide396

Fandango (ticket service) - Competition

In May 2012, Fandango announced a partnership with Moviefone, former partner of MovieTickets.com.Richard Verrier, [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-fandango-20120523,0,812900.story Fandango and Moviefone dial up new partnership] in Los Angeles Times, 23 May 2012.Lucas Shaw, [http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/13767140/fandango-and-moviefone-partner-for-ticket-sales/ Fandango and Moviefone partner for ticket sales] from Reuters, 23 May 2012.

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Slide397

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

Art Davie proposed to John Milius and Rorion Gracie an eight-man single-elimination tournament called War of the Worlds

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Slide398

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

Gentry III, Clyde, No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution, Milo Books, 2003, paperback edition, ISBN 1-903854-30-X, pp. 38–39. John Milius, a noted film director and screenwriter, as well as a Gracie student, agreed to act as the event's creative director. Davie drafted the business plan and twenty-eight investors contributed the initial capital to start WOW Promotions with the intent to develop the tournament into a television franchise.

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Slide399

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

Gentry III, Clyde, No Holds Barred: Evolution, Archon Publishing, 2001, 1st ed., ISBN 0-9711479-0-6, pages 24–29.

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Slide400

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

In 1993 WOW Promotions sought a television partner and approached pay-per-view producers TVKO (HBO), SET (Showtime (TV network)|Showtime) and Campbell McLaren at the Semaphore Entertainment Group (SEG). Both TVKO and SET declined, but SEG–a pioneer in pay-per-view television which had produced such off-beat events as a gender tennis-match between Jimmy Connors and Martina Navratilova–became WOW's partner in May 1993.

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Slide401

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

Gentry III, Clyde, No Holds Barred: rEvolution, Archon Publishing, 2001, 1st ed., ISBN 0-9711479-0-6, page 41

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Slide402

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

SEG contacted video and film art-director Jason Cusson to design the trademarked Octagon, a signature piece for the event. Cusson remained the Production Designer through UFC 27. SEG devised the name for the show as UFC 1|The Ultimate Fighting Championship.

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Slide403

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

WOW Promotions and SEG produced the first event, later called UFC 1, at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado on November 12, 1993. Art Davie functioned as the show's booker and matchmaker.

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Slide404

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

Newport, John Paul, Blood Sport, Details, March 1995, pages 70–72.

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Slide405

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

The show proposed to find an answer for sports fans' questions such as: Can a wrestler beat a boxer?

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Slide406

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

Willoughby, David P., The Super Athletes, A.S. Barnes Co., Inc., 1970, ISBN 0-498-06651-7, page 380.

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Slide407

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

As with most martial arts at the time, fighters typically had skills in just one discipline and had little experience against opponents with different skills.

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Slide408

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

Gentry, Clyde, No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution, (Milo Books: Preston, 2005), p.73

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Slide409

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

The television broadcast featured kickboxing|kickboxers Patrick Smith (fighter)|Patrick Smith and Kevin Rosier, savate fighter Gerard Gordeau, karate expert Zane Frazier, shootfighting|shootfighter Ken Shamrock, sumo wrestler Teila Tuli, boxing|boxer Art Jimmerson and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ranking system#Black belt|black belt Royce Gracie—younger brother of UFC co-founder Rorion, whom Rorion hand-picked to represent his family in the competition

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Slide410

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

However, the promoters did not intend for the event to become a precursor to a series. That show was only supposed to be a one-off, eventual UFC president Dana White said. It did so well on pay-per-view they decided to do another, and another. Never in a million years did these guys think they were creating a sport.

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Slide411

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

With no weight classes, fighters often faced significantly larger or taller opponents. Keith Hackney|Keith The Giant Killer Hackney faced Emmanuel Yarborough at UFC 3 with a height and weight disadvantage.

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Slide412

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

[ http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?search=yeseventid=9 Fight card for UFC 3], Sherdog.com. [ http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?search=yesFighterID=38 Fighter profile for Keith Hackney], Sherdog.com. [ http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?search=yesFighterID=39 Fighter profile for Emmanuel Yarborough], Sherdog.com. Last retrieved December 5, 2006

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Slide413

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

Many martial artists believed that technique could overcome these size disadvantages, and that a skilled fighter could use an opponent's size and strength against him. With the Royce Gracie winning three of the first four events, the UFC quickly proved that size does not always determine the outcome of the fight.

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Slide414

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

During this early part of the organization, the UFC would showcase a bevy of different styles and fighters. Aside from the aforementioned Royce Gracie, Ken Shamrock and Patrick Smith (fighter)|Patrick Smith, the competitions also featured competitors such as Hall of Famer Dan Severn, Marco Ruas, Gary Goodridge, Don Frye, Kimo Leopoldo, Oleg Taktarov and Tank Abbott.

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Slide415

UFC - Early competition – early 1990s

In April 1995, following UFC 5 in Charlotte, North Carolina, Davie and Gracie sold their interest in the franchise to SEG and disbanded WOW Promotions. Davie continued with SEG as the show's booker and matchmaker, as well as the commissioner of Ultimate Fighting, until December 1997.

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Slide416

Dota 2 - Professional competition

In a 2008 article of video game industry website Gamasutra, editor Michael Walbridge cited Defense of the Ancients as the most popular mod in the world, as well as one of the most popular competitive titles, with its strongest presence in Asia, Europe and North America

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Slide417

Dota 2 - Professional competition

The International became an annual championship tournament, with the venue changing to Seattle, Washington (state)|Washington, United States

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Slide418

Dota 2 - Professional competition

Erik Johnson commented in an interview that the implementation of the game's LAN feature was intended to promote smaller, independent competitions and local tournaments.

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Slide419

BSkyB - Competition

On 12 July 2011, former Prime Minister, Gordon Brown claimed that BSkyB's majority owner - News Corporation attempted to affect government policy with regards to the BBC in pursuit of its own commercial interests.[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14120143 Brown accuses News International of using 'known criminals,'], BBC News, Tuesday 12 July 2011 He went further, in a speech in Parliament on 13 July 2011, stating:

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Slide420

BSkyB - Competition

Mr James Murdoch, which included his cold assertion that profit not standards was what mattered in the media, underpinned an ever more aggressive News International and BSkyB agenda under his and Mrs Brooks’ leadership that was brutal in its simplicity

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Slide421

BSkyB - Competition

On 13 July 2011, MP Chris Bryant stated to the House of Commons, in the Parliamentary Debate on the Rupert Murdoch and News Corporation Bid for BSkyB that the company was anti-competitive:

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Slide422

BSkyB - Competition

The company has lots of technological innovation that only a robust entrepreneur could to bring to British society, but it has also often been profoundly anti-competitive

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Slide423

Entertainment Tonight - Competition

Back in the fall of 2007, its daytime TV rankings were fluctuating between fourth and fifth place due to competition from fellow CBS-syndicated program Judge Judy.[http://www.medialifemagazine.com/artman2/publish/Dayparts_update_51/Making_Whoopi_View_ratings_are_up.asp Media Life Magazine – Making Whoopi: 'View' ratings are up][http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6494095.html?industryid=47173 Syndication Ratings: Syndies Brighten as Days Darken – 10/24/2007 3:17:00 PM – Broadcasting Cable]

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Slide424

Newgrounds - Competitions

In the Newgrounds Audio Portal there are also occasional contests in which money and shirts can be won. Some user-created music from the Audio Portal was used in The Behemoth's console video games Alien Hominid and Castle Crashers.

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Slide425

Newgrounds - Competitions

Recently, The Monthly Audio Contest (MAC) was reinstated. These monthly contests have historically been run by notable members of the audio portal community and are considered to play an important role in fostering and strengthening the collective spirit of the audio portal community. The MACs are run collectively by the Audio Portal's moderators.

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Slide426

Newgrounds - Competitions

Winners get a forum signature custom-made for the competition, Newgrounds store credit as well as a frontpage (See Achievements)

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Slide427

Competition law

'Competition law' is law that promotes or maintains market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies.

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Slide428

Competition law

Competition law is known as antitrust law in the United States and anti-monopoly law in China and Russia. In previous years it has been known as trade practices law in the United Kingdom and Australia.

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Slide429

Competition law

National and regional competition authorities across the world have formed international support and enforcement networks.

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Slide430

Competition law

The Agreement Establishing the WTO included a range of limited provisions on various cross-border competition issues on a sector specific basis.

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Slide431

Competition law - Principle

Competition law, or antitrust law, has three main elements:

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Slide432

Competition law - Principle

* prohibiting agreements or practices that restrict free trading and competition between business. This includes in particular the repression of free trade caused by cartels.

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Slide433

Competition law - Principle

* banning abusive behavior by a firm dominating a market, or anti-competitive practices that tend to lead to such a dominant position. Practices controlled in this way may include predatory pricing, Tying (commerce)|tying, price gouging, refusal to deal, and many others.

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Slide434

Competition law - Principle

* supervising the mergers and acquisitions of large corporations, including some joint ventures. Transactions that are considered to threaten the competitive process can be prohibited altogether, or approved subject to remedies such as an obligation to divest part of the merged business or to offer licenses or access to facilities to enable other businesses to continue competing.

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Slide435

Competition law - Principle

Robert Bork argued that competition laws can produce adverse effects when they reduce competition by protecting inefficient competitors and when costs of legal intervention are greater than benefits for the consumers.Bork (1993), p

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Slide436

Competition law - Principle

Ideas about competitive law were published during the 18th century with such works as Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations. Different terms were used to describe this area of the law, including restrictive practices, the law of monopolies, combination acts and the restraint of trade in india

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Slide437

Competition law - Roman legislation

An early example of competition law can be found in Roman law

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Slide438

Competition law - Middle ages

Legislation in England to control monopolies and restrictive practices were in force well before the Norman Conquest

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Slide439

Competition law - Middle ages

...we have ordained and established, that no merchant or other shall make Confederacy, Conspiracy, Coin, Imagination, or Murmur, or Evil Device in any point that may turn to the Impeachment, Disturbance, Defeating or Decay of the said Staples, or of anything that to them pertaineth, or may pertain.

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Slide440

Competition law - Middle ages

Examples of legislation enshrining competition principles include the constitutiones juris metallici by Wenceslaus II of Bohemia between 1283 and 1305, condemning combination of ore traders increasing prices; the Municipal Statutes of Florence in 1322 and 1325 followed Zeno (emperor)|Zeno's legislation against state monopolies; and under Emperor Charles V in the Holy Roman Empire a law was passed to prevent losses resulting from monopolies and improper contracts which many merchants and artisans made in the Netherlands

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Slide441

Competition law - Middle ages

it is very hard and difficult to put certain prices to any such things... [it is necessary because] prices of such victuals be many times enhanced and raised by the Greedy Covetousness and Appetites of the Owners of such Victuals, by occasion of ingrossing and regrating the same, more than upon any reasonable or just ground or cause, to the great damage and impoverishing of the King's subjects.25 Hen. 8, c. 2.

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Slide442

Competition law - Middle ages

Around this time organizations representing various tradesmen and handicrafts people, known as guilds had been developing, and enjoyed many concessions and exemptions from the laws against monopolies. The privileges conferred were not abolished until the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.

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Slide443

Competition law - Early competition law in Europe

26 English courts subsequently decided a range of cases which gradually developed competition related case law, which eventually were transformed into statute law.

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Slide444

Competition law - Early competition law in Europe

Europe around the 16th century was changing quickly

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Slide445

Competition law - Early competition law in Europe

However, as in the late 19th century a depression spread through Europe, known as the Panic of 1873, ideas of competition lost favour and it was felt that companies had to co-operate by forming cartels to withstand huge pressures on prices and profits.

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Slide446

Competition law - Modern competition law

The Act for the Prevention and Suppression of Combinations formed in restraint of Trade was passed one year before the United States enacted the most famous legal statute on competition law, the Sherman Act of 1890

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Slide447

Competition law - United States antitrust

Since the enactment of the Sherman Act enforcement of competition law has been based on various economic theories adopted by Government.

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Slide448

Competition law - United States antitrust

However, the period was characterized by the lack of competition law enforcement

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Slide449

Competition law - European Union law

The treaty also established principles on competition law for member states, with article 90 covering public undertakings, and article 92 making provisions on state aid

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Slide450

Competition law - European Union law

Article 107 lays down a general rule that the state may not aid or subsidize private parties in distortion of free competition and provides exemptions for charities, regional development objectives and in the event of a natural disaster.

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Slide451

Competition law - India

The Competition Commission of India, is the quasi judicial body established for enforcing provisions of the Competition Act.

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Slide452

Competition law - International expansion

By 2008 111 countries had enacted competition laws, which is more than 50 percent of countries with a population exceeding 80,000 people. 81 of the 111 countries had adopted their competition laws in the past 20 years, signalling the spread of competition law following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the expansion of the European Union.

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Slide453

Competition law - Enforcement

At a national level competition law is enforced through competition authorities, as well as private enforcement. The United States Supreme Court explained:Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of California, , 262.

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Slide454

Competition law - Enforcement

This system depends on strong competition for its health and vigor, and strong competition depends, in turn, on compliance with antitrust legislation

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Slide455

Competition law - Enforcement

This was done to facilitate quicker resolution of competition-related inquiries

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Slide456

Competition law - Enforcement

Antitrust administration and legislation can be seen as a balance between:

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Slide457

Competition law - Enforcement

* guidelines which are clear and specific to the courts, regulators and business but leave little room for discretion that prevents the application of laws from resulting in unintended consequences.

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Slide458

Competition law - Enforcement

* guidelines which are broad, hence allowing administrators to sway between improving economic outcomes versus succumbing to political policies to redistribute wealth.

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Slide459

Competition law - Enforcement

While it is incapable of enforcement itself, the newly established International Competition Networksee, http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/ (ICN) is a way for national authorities to coordinate their own enforcement activities.

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Slide460

Competition law - Classical perspective

Under the doctrine of laissez-faire, antitrust is seen as unnecessary as competition is viewed as a long-term dynamic process where firms compete against each other for market dominance

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Slide461

Competition law - Classical perspective

The classical perspective on competition was that certain agreements and business practice could be an unreasonable restraint on the individual liberty of tradespeople to carry on their livelihoods

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Slide462

Competition law - Classical perspective

A monopoly granted either to an individual or to a trading company has the same effect as a secret in trade or manufactures. The monopolists, by keeping the market constantly under-stocked, by never fully supplying the effectual demand, sell their commodities much above the natural price, and raise their emoluments, whether they consist in wages or profit, greatly above their natural rate.Smith (1776) Book I, Chapter 7, para 26

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Slide463

Competition law - Classical perspective

In The Wealth of Nations (1776) Adam Smith also pointed out the cartel problem, but did not advocate specific legal measures to combat them.

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Slide464

Competition law - Classical perspective

People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices

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Slide465

Competition law - Classical perspective

By the latter half of the 19th century it had become clear that large firms had become a fact of the market economy. John Stuart Mill's approach was laid down in his treatise On Liberty (1859).

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Slide466

Competition law - Classical perspective

Again, trade is a social act

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Slide467

Competition law - Neo-classical synthesis

After Mill, there was a shift in economic theory, which emphasized a more precise and theoretical model of competition

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Slide468

Competition law - Neo-classical synthesis

Orthodox economists fully acknowledge that perfect competition is seldom observed in the real world, and so aim for what is called workable competition.Whish (2003), p

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Slide469

Competition law - Chicago School

A group of economists and lawyers, who are largely associated with the University of Chicago, advocate an approach to competition law guided by the proposition that some actions that were originally considered to be anticompetitive could actually promote competition

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Slide470

Competition law - Chicago School

Bork argued that both the original intention of antitrust laws and economic efficiency was the pursuit only of consumer welfare, the protection of competition rather than competitors.Bork (1978), p

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Slide471

Competition law - Dominance and monopoly

Competition law does not make merely having a monopoly illegal, but rather abusing the power that a monopoly may confer, for instance through exclusionary practices.

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Slide472

Competition law - Dominance and monopoly

Zoja was the only market competitor, so without the court forcing supply, all competition would have been eliminated.

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Slide473

Competition law - Dominance and monopoly

Forms of abuse relating directly to pricing include price exploitation

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Slide474

Competition law - Mergers and acquisitions

Hence the central provision under EU law asks whether a concentration would if it went ahead significantly impede effective competition..

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Slide475

Competition law - Mergers and acquisitions

No person shall acquire, directly or indirectly, the whole or any part of the stock or other share capital... of the assets of one or more persons engaged in commerce or in any activity affecting commerce, where... the effect of such acquisition, of such stocks or assets, or of the use of such stock by the voting or granting of proxies or otherwise, may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly.Clayton Act Section 7, codified at

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Slide476

Competition law - Mergers and acquisitions

2 of the ECMR.see the argument put forth in Hovenkamp H (1999) Federal Antitrust Policy: The Law of Competition and Its Practice, 2nd Ed, West Group, St

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Slide477

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

Competition law has become increasingly intertwined with intellectual property, such as copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and in some jurisdictions trade secrets

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Slide478

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

* Should antitrust laws accord special treatment to intellectual property.

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Slide479

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

* Should intellectual rights be revoked or not granted when antitrust laws are violated.

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Slide480

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

Concerns also arise over anti-competitive effects and consequences due to:

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Slide481

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

* Intellectual properties that are collaboratively designed with consequence of violating antitrust laws (intentionally or otherwise).

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Slide482

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

* The further effects on competition when such properties are accepted into industry standards.

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Slide483

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

* Cross-licensing of intellectual property.

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Slide484

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

* Bundling of intellectual property rights to long term business transactions or agreements to extend the market exclusiveness of intellectual property rights beyond their statutory duration.

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Slide485

Competition law - Intellectual property, innovation and competition

Some scholars suggest that a prize instead of patent would solve the problem of deadweight loss, when innovators got their reward from the prize, provided by the government or non-profit organization, rather than directly selling to the market, see Millennium Prize Problems

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Slide486

Socialist competition

'Socialist competition' or 'socialist emulation' (социалистическое соревнование, sotsialisticheskoye sorevnovanie, or соцсоревнование, sotssorevnovanie) was a form of competition between state enterprises and between individuals practiced in the Soviet Union and in other Eastern bloc states.

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Slide487

Socialist competition - Competition vs. emulation

The first variant is a literal translation of the Russian term, commonly used by Western authors. The second form is an official Soviet translation of the term, intended to put distance from the capitalist competition, which in its turn was translated as капиталистическая конкуренция, kapitalisticheskaya konkurenciya.

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Slide488

Socialist competition - Competition vs. emulation

There was a significant amount of propaganda along the lines that capitalism|capitalist competition favors only the winning capitalist, while socialist emulation benefits all.

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Slide489

Socialist competition - Organization

Socialist emulation was voluntary everywhere where people worked or served: in industry, in agriculture, in offices, institutions, schools, hospitals, army, etc. With the natural exception of armed force, committees of Soviet trade unions were in charge of managing the socialist emulation.

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Slide490

Socialist competition - Organization

An important component of socialist emulation was 'socialist self-obligations' (социалистические обязательства). While the production plan was the major benchmark, employees and work collectives were supposed to put forth socialist self-obligations and even enhanced socialist self-obligations (повышенные соцобязательства) beyond the plan.

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Slide491

Socialist competition - Organization

Deadlines for tallying up the results of a socialist emulation were usually set at major Socialist and Communist holidays or notable dates, like the birthday of Vladimir Lenin or the anniversary of the October Revolution.

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Slide492

Socialist competition - Organization

Winners were awarded both materially and morally

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Slide493

Socialist competition - History

Also, he was the first to set socialist emulation against capitalist competition.

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Slide494

Socialist competition - History

:Principles of socialist emulation: friendly assistance to lagging ones by the leading ones in order to achieve a common rise. ...etc.

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Slide495

Socialist competition - History

While criteria of socialist emulation were easy to set, understand and quantify in production areas, it was not so in non-production areas: medicine, education, work of clerks, etc., where significant formalism took place and among the criteria a significant weight was attributed to social activism, not related to the work done.

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Slide496

Player (game) - Players in competition

In most games, one player (or team) is declared the wikt:winner|winner, the player who performed the best

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Slide497

Super grid - Competition

In the 1960s, private California power companies opposed the Pacific Intertie project with a set of technical objections that were overruled. When the project was completed, consumers in Los Angeles saved approximately U.S. $600,000 per day by use of electric power from projects on the Columbia River rather than local power companies burning more expensive fossil fuel.

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Slide498

VHS - Competition with Betamax

In 1974, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), desiring to avoid consumer confusion, attempted to force the Japanese video industry to standardize on just one home video recording format. Later, Sony had a functional prototype of the Betamax format, and was very close to releasing a finished product. With this prototype, Sony persuaded the MITI to adopt Betamax as the standard, and allow it to license the technology to other companies.

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Slide499

VHS - Competition with Betamax

JVC believed that an open standard, with the format shared among competitors without licensing the technology, was better for the consumer

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Slide500

VHS - Competition with Betamax

Matsushita's backing of JVC persuaded Hitachi, Mitsubishi, and Sharp Corporation|Sharp[http://www.mediacollege.com/video/format/compare/betamax-vhs.html Media College] The Betamax vs VHS Format War, by Dave Owen, published: 2005-05-01 to back the VHS standard as well

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Slide501

VHS - Competition with Betamax

Sony's Betamax continued to compete with VHS throughout the late 1970s and into the 1980s

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Slide502

HD DVD - Origins and competition from Blu-ray Disc

Sony started two projects applying the new diodes: Ultra Density Optical|UDO (Ultra Density Optical) and DVR Blue together with Philips, a format of rewritable discs which would eventually become Blu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE) and later on with Pioneer a format of read only discs (BD-ROM)

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Slide503

HD DVD - Origins and competition from Blu-ray Disc

The DVD Forum (chaired by Sony) was deeply split over whether to go with the more expensive blue lasers or not

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Slide504

HD DVD - Origins and competition from Blu-ray Disc

The HD DVD Promotion Group was a group of manufacturers and media studios formed to exchange thoughts and ideas to help promote the format worldwide

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Slide505

Cotton - Competition from synthetic fibers

The era of manufactured fibers began with the development of rayon in France in the 1890s

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Slide506

Cotton - Competition from synthetic fibers

Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S

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Slide507

Cotton - Competition from synthetic fibers

Administered by the Cotton Board (United States)|Cotton Board and conducted by Cotton Incorporated, the CRPP works to greatly increase the demand for and profitability of cotton through various research and promotion activities. It is funded by U.S. cotton producers and importers.

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Slide508

Encyclopædia Britannica - Competition

As the Britannica is a general encyclopaedia, it does not seek to compete with specialised encyclopaedias such as the Encyclopaedia of Mathematics or the Dictionary of the Middle Ages, which can devote much more space to their chosen topics

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Slide509

Encyclopædia Britannica - Competition

Since the early 1990s, the Britannica has faced new challenges from digital information sources

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Slide510

D-Shape - NYC Waterfront Construction Competition

In the fall of 2012, D-Shape entered into the NYC Waterfront Construction Competition hosted by the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) in which competitors had to create an innovative solution to help strengthen New York City's deteriorating piers and coastline structures

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Slide511

New York (magazine) - Puzzles and competitions

New York magazine was once known for its competitions and unique crossword puzzles

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Slide512

New York (magazine) - Puzzles and competitions

(A typical entry, in a competition calling for humorous epitaphs, supplied this one for Geronimo: Requiescat in Apache.) Altogether, Madden ran 973 installments of the competition, retiring in 2000

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Slide513

New York (magazine) - Puzzles and competitions

Three volumes of Competition winners were published, titled Thank You for the Giant Sea Tortoise, Son of Giant Sea Tortoise, and Maybe He's Dead: And Other Hilarious Results of New York Magazine Competitions.

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Slide514

Solar micro-inverter - Competition

Enphase's success did not go unnoticed, and since 2010 a host of competitors have appeared

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Slide515

Solar micro-inverter - Competition

Larger firms have also stepped into the field; OKE-Services updated OK4-All product was recently bought by SMA Solar Technology|SMA and released as the SunnyBoy 240,[http://www.oke-services.nl/ok4all/ok4all.htm OK4ALL] while Power-One has introduced the AURORA 300.[http://www.power-one.com/renewable-energy/news/power-one-launches-300w-micro Power-One launches 300W Micro-Inverter and DC/DC Power Optimizer], Power-One press release, 4 May 2011 Other major players include Enecsys, SolarBridge and SolarEdge

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Slide516

War of Currents - Competition outcome

As a result of the successful field trial in the International Electro-Technical Exhibition of 1891, three-phase current, as far as Germany was concerned, became the most economical means of transmitting electrical energy.

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Slide517

War of Currents - Competition outcome

In 1892, General Electric formed and immediately invested heavily in AC power (at this time Thomas Edison's opinions on company direction were muted by President Coffin and the GE board of directors)

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Slide518

War of Currents - Competition outcome

In Europe, Siemens Halske became the dominant force. Three phase 60Hz at 120 volts became the dominant system in North America while 220-240 volts at 50Hz became the standard in Europe.

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Slide519

War of Currents - Competition outcome

Alternating current power transmission networks today provide Redundancy (engineering)|redundant paths and lines for power routing from any power plant to any load center, based on the economics of the transmission path, the cost of power, and the importance of keeping a particular load center powered at all times. Generators (such as hydroelectric sites) can be located far from the loads.

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Slide520

Singularity University - Global Impact Competitions

SU launched a series of Global Impact Competitions, looking for innovative project ideas which could improve the lives of one to five million people (depending on the country) in a 3-year period with the help of technology. Winners of these competitions get a full sponsorship for attending the Graduate Studies Program.Global Impact Competitions Singularity University. Retrieved 2013-07-22

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Slide521

Singularity University - Global Impact Competitions

The first program started in June 2009, with full tuition costing US$25,000. The inaugural 2009 class was limited to forty fellows chosen from over 1,200 applicants. Eighty students were accepted for the graduate course beginning summer 2010 from a pool of 4,300 applicants.

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Slide522

Network Neutrality - Competition and innovation

Net neutrality advocates argue that allowing cable companies, often termed content gatekeepers, the right to demand a toll to guarantee quality or premium delivery would create what Tim Wu calls an unfair business model

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Slide523

Network Neutrality - Competition and innovation

Proponents of net neutrality argue that allowing for preferential treatment of Internet traffic, or tiered service, would put newer online companies at a disadvantage and slow innovation in online services

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Slide524

Jaguar Cars - Racing and competition

* 2009 Jaguar XF|XFR Bonneville Salt Flats speed record

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Slide525

Jaguar Cars - Racing and competition

* 2010 Rocketsports Racing|Jaguar RSR XKR GT2

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Slide526

Super Monkey Ball Deluxe - Competition Mode

Super Monkey Ball Deluxe also features a multiplayer mode known as Competition Mode, which allows up to four players to compete against each other on any of the maps unlocked in Challenge Mode. The same rules from the single-player Story Mode still apply. The number of bananas a player collects determines which player is victorious.

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Slide527

Predation - Predation as competition

Another manner in which predation and competition are connected is throughout intraguild predation

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Slide528

Riverbed Technology - Competition

Riverbed's main competitors in WAN Optimization include Aryaka, Blue Coat Systems|Blue Coat, Cisco, Elfiq Networks, F5 Networks, Citrix, Ipanema Technologies, Juniper Networks, Infineta Systems, Mushroom Networks and Silver Peak Systems|Silver Peak.

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Slide529

Cold War - Competition in the Third World

Nationalist movements in some countries and regions, notably Guatemala, Indonesia and Indochina were often allied with communist groups, or perceived in the West to be allied with communists

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Slide530

Cold War - Competition in the Third World

The United States made use of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to do away with a string of unfriendly Third World governments and to support allied ones

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Slide531

Cold War - Competition in the Third World

In Guatemala, a 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état|CIA-backed military coup ousted the left-wing President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in 1954.Stone, The Atlantic and Its Enemies (2010) pp 199, 256 The post-Arbenz government—a military junta headed by Carlos Castillo Armas—repealed a Decree 900|progressive land reform law, returned nationalized property belonging to the United Fruit Company, set up a National Committee of Defense Against Communism, and decreed a Preventive Penal Law Against Communism at the request of the United States.

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Slide532

Cold War - Competition in the Third World

The non-aligned Indonesian government of Sukarno was faced with a major threat to its legitimacy beginning in 1956, when several regional commanders began to demand autonomy from Jakarta

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Slide533

Cold War - Competition in the Third World

In the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Republic of the Congo, newly independent from Belgium since June 1960, the CIA-cultivated President Joseph Kasa-Vubu ordered the dismissal of the democratically elected Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and the Lumumba cabinet in September; Lumumba called for Kasa-Vubu's dismissal instead. In the ensuing Congo Crisis, the CIA-backed Colonel Mobutu quickly mobilized his forces to seize power through a military coup d'état.

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Slide534

Cold War - Competition in the Third World

In British Guiana, the leftist People's Progressive Party (Guyana)|People's Progressive Party (PPP) candidate Cheddi Jagan won the position of chief minister in a colonially administered election in 1953, but was quickly forced to resign from power after Britain's suspension of the still-dependent nation's constitution

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Slide535

Cold War - Competition in the Third World

Worn down by the First Indochina War|communist guerrilla war for Vietnamese independence and handed a watershed defeat by communist Viet Minh rebels at the 1954 Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, the French accepted a negotiated abandonment of their colonial stake in Vietnam

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Slide536

Cold War - Competition in the Third World

Many emerging nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America rejected the pressure to choose sides in the East-West competition

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Slide537

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

On October 17, 1959, The New York Times reported that Walter Reade|Walter Reade Jr

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Slide538

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

Behind the Great Wall was released on December 2, 1959, just three weeks ahead of Scent of Mystery, and the competition between the two films was called the battle of the smellies by Variety (magazine)|Variety.Gilbert, p. 159 Besides the slightly earlier release date, the name AromaRama itself made fun of Todd Sr.'s Cinerama process, and the choice of film was also deliberate, as travelogues were one of Cinerama's specialties.Gilbert, p. 161

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Slide539

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

An alternate explanation of the provenance of the word AromaRama is provided by its developer, Charles Weiss: Screenwriter Henry Myers (Destry Rides Again) came up with the name AromaRama because the process was to the sense of smell what Cinerama was to the sense of sight

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Slide540

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

The film received scathing treatment from New York Times reviewer Bosley Crowther, who called it a stunt that had an artistic benefit of nil

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Slide541

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

Not all reviews were unfavorable

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Slide542

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

The Sunday News awarded the film 3 stars out of a possible 4 stars in its review titled, 'Behind Great Wall' Puts Smell on Screen

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Slide543

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

The December 21, 1959 edition of Time Magazine stated in its review of Behind the Great Wall, which it panned, The AromaRama process itself, developed by a public relations executive, Charles Weiss, is fairly ingenious

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Slide544

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

'The World Telegram Sun exclaimed, You've got to breathe it to believe it - scented movies are here to stay!

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Slide545

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

The Film Encyclopedia in its article on AromaRama states, It competed with another process, SMELL-O-VISION for the attention of audiences in Hollywood's desperate attempt in the 50s to regain customers lost to television...Neither system proved popular, although technically they were both successful...

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Slide546

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

Charles Weiss is alive (86 years old as of November 2010) and well in Boca Raton, Florida. He has never stopped experimenting with motion pictures and aromas. He spends most of this time adding fragrances to classic black and white films to demonstrate how smells might be used in the future.

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Slide547

Smell-O-Vision - Competition with AromaRama

The film's poor reception threatened to derail the debut Scent of Mystery before it even opened, as the cinematic press now expected the odor release system to be poor.Gilbert, p. 162

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Slide548

Economic competition

[http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000261q=competitiontopicid=result_number=6 Abstract.]

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Slide549

Economic competition

and encouraging x-efficiency|efficiency

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Slide550

Economic competition - Competition in practice

#The most narrow form is direct competition (also called category competition or brand competition), where product (business)|products that perform the same function compete against each other. For example, a brand of pick-up trucks competes with several different brands of pick-up trucks. Sometimes two companies are rivals and one adds new products to their line so that each company distributes the same thing and they compete.

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Slide551

Economic competition - Competition in practice

#The next form is substitute competition, where products that are close substitutes for one another compete. For example, butter competes with margarine, mayonnaise, and other various sauces and spreads.

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Slide552

Economic competition - Competition in practice

#The broadest form of competition is typically called budget competition. Included in this category is anything that the consumer might want to spend their available income|money (the so-called Disposable/Discretionary income|discretionary income) on. For example, a family that has $20,000 available may choose to spend it on many different items, which can all be seen as competing with each other for the family's available money.

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Slide553

Economic competition - Competition in practice

Finally, most businesses also encourage competition between individual employees

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Slide554

Economic competition - Competition in practice

Within competitive markets, markets are often defined by their sub-sectors, such as the short-term or long-term market, the seasonal or summer market, or the broad or remainder market

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Slide555

Economic competition - Anti-competitive practices

A practice is anti-competitive if it is deemed to unfairly distort free and effective competition in the marketplace. Examples include cartelization (collusion among companies producing the same product or services to fix the price of goods or services intended to mutual higher profit), restrictive trading agreements, predatory pricing, and abuse of a dominant position.

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Slide556

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology

There exist a number of competitions and prizes to reward distinguished contributions and to encourage developments in biotechnology.

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Slide557

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology - Inducement prizes

* The Archon X Prize for Genomics of US$10,000,000 is to be awarded to the first Team that can build a device and use it to sequence 100 human genomes within 10 days or less, with an accuracy of no more than one error in every 100,000 bases sequenced, with sequences accurately covering at least 98% of the genome, and at a recurring cost of no more than $10,000 (US) per genome.

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Slide558

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology - Inducement prizes

* The Prize4Life Prize4Life#ALS_Biomarker_Prize|ALS biomarker prize is a US$1,000,000 award for a reliable way of tracking progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

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Slide559

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology - Inducement prizes

* The Prize4Life Prize4Life#Avi_Kremer_ALS_Treatment_Prize|ALS treatment prize is a US$1,000,000 award for a therapy that reliably and effectively extends the life of ALS mice by 25%.

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Slide560

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology - Inducement prizes

* People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is offering a US$1,000,000 reward for a method of producing enough meat to be marketed in 10 U.S. states at a price competitive with chicken prices.http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-04-22-peta_N.htmhttp://www.peta.org/b/thepetafiles/archive/2008/04/21/lab-meat-tastes-like-a-million-bucks.aspx

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Slide561

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology - Inducement prizes

* Illumina (company)|Illumina iDEA Challengehttp://www.illumina.com/landing/idea/ to develop new visualization and data analysis techniques.

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Slide562

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology - Recognition prizes

* The Gotham Prize for Cancer Research is a US$1,000,000 prize awarded annually to encourage new and innovative approaches to cancer research by fostering collaboration among top thinkers in the field--with the goal of leading to progress in the prevention, diagnosis, etiology and treatment of cancer.http://www.gothamprize.org

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Slide563

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology - Recognition prizes

* Gruber Prize in Genetics is a US$500,000 prize awarded annually for distinguished contributions in any realm of genetics research.

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Slide564

Competitions and prizes in biotechnology - Recognition prizes

* The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is an annual grant worth approximately 10millionSwedish krona|SEK. It is routinely awarded for contributions to biotechnology.

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Slide565

FiOS - Competition

No matter what market place Verizon FIOS tries to penetrate, there will be competition from companies large and small.

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Slide566

Loebner Prize - Competition rules and restrictions

The rules have varied over the years and early competitions featured restricted conversation Turing tests but since 1995 the discussion has been unrestricted.[http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/2007_Contest/Rules.html 2007 rules], [http://www.rdg.ac.uk/cirg/loebner/cirg-loebner-main.asp 2008 rules] and [http://loebner.net/Prizef/2009_Contest/LP_2009.html 2009 rules]

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Slide567

Loebner Prize - Competition rules and restrictions

For the three entries in 2007, Robert Medeksza, Noah Duncan and Rollo Carpenter,[http://loebner.net/Prizef/2007_Contest/loebner-prize-2007.html 17th Annual Loebner Prize for Artificial Intelligence 21 October 2007 New York City] some basic screening questions were used by the sponsor to evaluate the state of the technology

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Slide568

Loebner Prize - Competition rules and restrictions

Interrogators (who judge the systems) have limited time: 5 minutes per entity in the 2003 competition, 20+ per pair in 2004–2007 competitions, and 5 minutes to conduct simultaneous conversations with a human and the program since 2008.

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Slide569

University of Illinois - Competition

According to the statistics of the 2008 admitted freshmen, 77% of incoming students had ACT (examination)|ACT score of 27 or higher, 31% had an SAT combined Math Critical Reading score above 1,400 (excludes Writing), and 59% of the incoming students were top 10% of their High School class

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Slide570

Dell, Inc. - Competition

Dell's major competitors include Hewlett-Packard Company|Hewlett-Packard (HP), Acer Inc.|Acer, Fujitsu, Toshiba, Gateway, Inc.|Gateway, Sony, Asus, Lenovo Group|Lenovo, IBM, Micro-Star International|MSI, Samsung and Apple Inc.|Apple

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Slide571

Dell, Inc. - Competition

, Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard

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Slide572

Substitute good - Perfect Competition

One of the requirements for perfect competition is that the products of competing firms should be perfect substitutes. When this condition is not satisfied, the market is characterized by product differentiation.

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Slide573

Virgin Megastores - Competition

As more and more high street shops and e-tailers enter the entertainment sales market, it becomes more competitive. Big name supermarket chains in particular stock popular music and DVDs at ever-lower prices. The Video Game market is also increasingly competitive. These trends have affected Virgin Megastores profits

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Slide574

Virgin Megastores - Competition

In response to the increasing choices available to purchasers of entertainment media, the Virgin chain had employed several strategies in an attempt to secure customer loyalty, and focussed on higher standards of customer service

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Slide575

Virgin Megastores - Competition

Competition against independent retailers mainly in the music sector did not pose a major threat for big companies such as the Megastores at the time of the Zavvi rebranding. However, customers with a specialist taste usually found the independent shops more appealing, offering more hard-to-find and rarer titles also the growing competition from online retailers. In 2009 when Zavvi closed, some stores were sold to rival HMV, and some were transferred to Head Entertainment.

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Slide576

Snowshoe - Competition

Runners have found that using light snowshoes allows them to continue exercising and racing during winter. Like their warm-weather counterparts, events cover all distances, from Sprint (running)|sprints of 100 m to the 100km Iditashoe. There are even Hurdling|hurdle events.

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Slide577

Snowshoe - Competition

Snowshoe segments have become common in many multi-sport events and adventure racing|adventure races, including a required snowshoe segment in the winter quadrathlon. Some competitors in those events like Sally Edwards and Tom Sobal have emerged as stars.

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Slide578

Snowshoe - Competition

While snowshoe racing has probably been around as long as there have been snowshoes, as an organized sport it is relatively new

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Slide579

Intel Corporation - Competition, antitrust and espionage

Two factors combined to end this dominance: the slowing of personal computer|PC demand growth beginning in 2000 and the rise of the low cost PC

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Slide580

Intel Corporation - Competition, antitrust and espionage

Intel's dominance in the x86 microprocessor market led to numerous charges of antitrust violations over the years, including Federal Trade Commission|FTC investigations in both the late 1980s and in 1999, and civil actions such as the 1997 suit by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and a patent suit by Intergraph

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Slide581

Intel Corporation - Competition, antitrust and espionage

A case of industrial espionage arose in 1995 that involved both Intel and AMD

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Slide582

Intel Corporation - Competition

Competitors in PC chip sets include Advanced Micro Devices|AMD, VIA Technologies, Silicon Integrated Systems|SiS, and Nvidia. Intel's competitors in networking include Freescale, Infineon, Broadcom, Marvell Technology Group and Applied Micro Circuits Corporation|AMCC, and competitors in flash memory include Spansion, Samsung, Qimonda, Toshiba, STMicroelectronics, and Hynix.

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Slide583

Intel Corporation - Competition

The only major competitor in the x86 processor market is Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), with which Intel has had full cross-licensing agreements since 1976: each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations without charge after a certain time

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Slide584

Enterprise planning systems - Competition

Meanwhile, an enterprise will plan for longer term strategic actions to address its competition or improve its competitiveness. For instance, enterprises will plan for, set budgets, implement and use strategic information systems as “information systems or information technology investments can be a source of competitive advantage”.

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Slide585

Sustainable Electronics Initiative - Sustainable E-Waste Design Competition

The Sustainable E-Waste Design Competition is a way for University of Illinois students to get involved in the Sustainable Electronics Initiative

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Slide586

Sustainable Electronics Initiative - Sustainable E-Waste Design Competition

The E-Waste Design competition will occur during the Spring 2010, with the final judging occurring on April 20, 2010. This year, the competition will be international in scope, with participants submitting projects in the form of videos on YouTube.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide587

Privacy International - The Stupid Security competition

The competition resulted in over five thousand nominations from around the world

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Slide588

Hospitality industry - Competition and usage rate

Usage rate or its inverse vacancy rate is an important variable for the hospitality industry

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Slide589

Hospitality industry - Competition and usage rate

In looking various industries, barriers to entry by newcomers and competitive advantages between current players are very important

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Slide590

Extinction - Predation, competition, and disease

In the natural course of events, species become extinct for a number of reasons, including but not limited to: extinction of a necessary host, prey or pollinator, inter-species competition, inability to deal with evolving diseases and changing environmental conditions (particularly sudden changes) which can act to introduce novel predators, or to remove prey

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Slide591

Amtrak - Subsidized competition

While passenger rail faced internal and governmental pressures, new challenges appeared that undermined the dominance of passenger rail: highways and commercial aviation. The passenger rail industry declined as governments put money into the construction of highways and government-owned airports and the air traffic control system.

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Slide592

Amtrak - Subsidized competition

As automobiles became more attainable to most Americans, the freedom, increased convenience and individualization of automobile travel became the norm for most Americans

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Slide593

Amtrak - Subsidized competition

In the 1950s affordable commercial aviation expanded as the Jet Age arrived. Governmental entities built urban and suburban airports, funded construction of highways to provide access to the airports, and provided air traffic control services.

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Slide594

Boxer TV Ireland - Competition

They beat off strong competition from two other consortia to win the 12-year contract

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Slide595

Eircom - Competition

Eircom retains a virtual monopoly of around 70% on fixed-line telephony in the State (the only exceptions being those operated by UPC Ireland cable company (formerly NTL Ireland and Chorus), Digiweb Metro and some fibre offerings from BT, Magnet Networks, Smart and Digiweb)

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Slide596

Telmex - Long-distance competition

In the mid-1990s, ATT Corporation and WorldCom (MCI Inc.|MCI), among others, began operating in Mexico, representing for the first time serious competition to Telmex. However, due to Telmex's incumbent monopoly position and well-developed infrastructure and coverage, none of them were believed to pose much threat to Telmex.

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Slide597

Nagacorp FC - Performance in AFC competitions

::AFC President's Cup 2008|2008: 2° in Group Stage

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Slide598

Nagacorp FC - Performance in AFC competitions

::AFC President's Cup 2010|2010: 3° in Group Stage

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Slide599

Telkom SA - Competition

Recent legislation passed by the South African government have lowered many restrictions on companies wishing to provide telecommunication access in the Republic

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Slide600

Telkom SA - Competition

The three mobile telephone networks in South Africa, listed in terms of numbers of subscribers, are Vodacom (who both Telkom - until recently - and the United Kingdom's Vodafone own large stakes in), MTN (South Africa)|MTN and Cell C

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Slide601

Telkom SA - Competition

Another promising technology is Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), which may decrease the amount of calls made over the public switched telephone network (PSTN) in the near future. Telkom's international calling rates are already far undercut by VoIP providers.

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Slide602

Telkom SA - Competition

Finally, although the Government are taking steps to liberalise the market, laws regarding telecommunications are still quite restrictive relative to the United States and other developed nations.

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Slide603

Telkom SA - Competition

An example of restrictive legislation is the Draft Convergence Bill, which attempts to control the development of such commerce.

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Slide604

Telkom SA - Competition

Telkom is currently under much fire from the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA), who accused it of excessive ADSL line charges.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide605

Brocade Communications - Competition

* Dell (post their acquisition of Force10 Networks)

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Slide606

Brocade Communications - Competition

* Hewlett-Packard (post their acquisition of 3com Corporation)

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Slide607

Brocade Communications - Competition

* Huawei Technologies

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Slide608

Brocade Communications - Competition

* IBM (post their acquisition of Blade Network Technologies)

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Slide609

Cable TV Hong Kong - Competition and development

Its opening also led to the increase in competitions for programming and market shares, as evidenced in the various extensive use of advertising and propaganda.

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Slide610

Cable TV Hong Kong - Competition and development

According to the Hong Kong Annual Reports 2003- Telecommunications, there were four domestic pay television programme service licensees in Hong Kong:

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Slide611

Cable TV Hong Kong - Competition and development

* TVB Pay Vision, operated by Television Broadcast Company (TVB), and distributed through now TV and Hutchison Global Communications (Hutchison Global Communications|HGC)

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Slide612

Cable TV Hong Kong - Competition and development

By the end of 2003, a total of 130 pay TV channels have become available in Hong Kong. The total number of subscribers has exceeded 860,000. With the entry of new competitors such as NOW Broadband TV and TVB Pay Vision, increasing competition is expected in the future Pay-TV market.

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-competition-toolkit.html

Slide613

Cable TV Hong Kong - Competition and development

In this sense, along with the overlapping of numerous incorporated international channels, HKCTV has a less privileged stand in competition since all of its services are only available to its pay-television service subscribers.

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Slide614

IBM Smarter Computing - Industry and competition

According to a survey conducted by IBM and IDC, the most efficient companies have been able to spend more than 50% in new projects to transform their businesses

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Slide615

For More Information, Visit:

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The Art of Service

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