rhinitis inflammatory response release of histamine allergens grass pollens tree pollens and fungal mould spores ID: 935729
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Slide1
Allergic Rhinitis
allergic rhinitis inflammatory response release of histamine allergens (grass pollens, tree pollens and fungal mould spores) (house dust mite, animal dander) Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Slide2Questions to be asked
AgeDuration…Symptoms….Previous historyDanger symptoms/associated conditions….Medication
Slide3Duration
Intermittent. Occurs less than 4 days/week or for less than 4 weeks Persistent. Occurs more than 4 days/week and for more than 4 weeksMild. All of the following – normal sleep; normal daily activities, sport, leisure; normal work and school; symptoms not troublesomeModerate. One or more of the following – abnormal sleep; impairment of daily activities, sport, leisure; problems caused at work or school; troublesome symptoms
Slide4Symptoms
RhinorrhoeaNasal congestionNasal itchingEye symptomsSneezing
Slide5Danger symptoms/associated
conditionsWheezingTightness of chest with coughEarache and facial painPurulent conjunctivitis
Slide6When to refer
Wheezing and shortness of breathTightness of chestPainful earPainful sinusesPurulent conjunctivitisFailed medication
Slide7Management
Duration, 5 daysAntihistamines + Decongestants for treatment of Mild and moderate.Steroid nasal sprays (beclomethasone, budesonide , mementasone) for treatment and prophylaxis of moderate and severe.Sodium
cromoglicate nose and eye drops,
prophylaxis.
Topical antihistamines (
azelactine
),
prophylaxis
Slide8Sore throat
Most sore throats that present in the pharmacy will be caused by viral infection (90%)only 1 in 10 being due to bacterial infection. Clinically it is almost impossible to differentiate between the two. The majority of infections are self-limiting. often associated with other symptoms of a cold. Once the pharmacist has excluded more serious conditions, an appropriate OTC medicine can be recommended.
Slide9Questions to be asked
AgeDurationAssociated symptomsPrevious historySmoking habitPresent medication
Slide10Symptoms for Direct Referral
Hoarseness (long lasting)Dysphagia (Difficulty in swallowing) Appearance of throat …ThrushGlandular feverSore throat lasting 1 week or moreFailed medicationRecurrent bouts of infection
Slide11Management
Oral analgesicsParacetamol, aspirin and ibuprofenMouthwashes and sprays…Anti-inflammatory (e.g. benzydamine)Local anaesthetic (e.g. benzocaine)Lozenges and pastilles
Slide12Practical points
DiabetesMouthwashes and gargles