Periodontics 1 LASER 2 L Light A Amplification S Stimulated E Emission of R Radiation Electromagnetic energy that behave as a particle and a wave as well 3 AMPLIFICATION ID: 1044069
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Lasers in" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
1. Lasers in Periodontics1
2. LASER2L LightA AmplificationS StimulatedE Emission of R Radiation
3. Electromagnetic energy that behave as a particle and a wave as well3
4. AMPLIFICATION The initial light is amplified to make a very bright compact beam4
5. STIMULATED Photons are amplified by stimulating an atom to release more photons. 5
6. EMISSIONThe excited atom emits a photon when another photon comes by.Einstein(1917) Stimulated Emission.6
7. RADIATIONFor lasers, radiation refers to the PHOTONS which are being emitted.7
8. Properties of LASER lightMonochromatic (single wavelength)Collimation ( specific boundary)Coherency (in same phase)Efficiency (how good it works)Directional (narrow cone of divergence)8
9. CLASSIFICATION OF LASERSActive medium usedContact and Non contactOscillation modeModes of deliveryBased on the application Based on the output energy9
10. Based on Active Medium 10Solid StateNd:YAG,Er:YAG,Er,Cr:YSGG,KTPGasHeNe,Argon,Co2DiodesGaAlAsExcimer F2,ArF,KrCl,XeCl
11. LASERS USED IN DENTISTRY1. Argon: Produces blue light at 488nm and bluegreen light at 514nmBetter Hemostasis Useful for Caries detection
12. 2.Diode:800-980nmExcellent soft tissue surgical laser Smaller size and portable instrument
13. 3.Neodynium:YAG ND:YAG 1064nm Hemostasis,apthous ulcers,pulpal analgesia,vapourising carious lesion
14. 4. CARBONDIOXIDE:10600nm Cut and coagulate soft tissues vapourising dense fibrous tissue
15. 5.Holmium-YAG 2100nm Arthroscopic surgery in TMJ. 6.Erbium family YSGG{2780nm} Erbium,YAG{2940nm} Resto-dentistry:RCT and Bone removal
16. Laser delivery system Contact lasersIt works on the “hot tip” principalIt improves cutting efficiency for low-power instruments Requires cleaning or cleaving the fiber to attain desired resultsNon contact lasers Noncontact surgery relies completely on the pigments and water present in the tissue.Noncontact surgery requires significantly greater power settings than contact surgery.16
17. Oscillation ModeEmission of energy in 3 modalitiesContinuous wave : Beam emitted at only one power level for as long as device is operated by pressing the foot switchGated pulse Mode: Periodic attenuations of laser energy being on & off similar to blinking light. The duration is as small as a few milli secFree running pulsed mode: large peak energies are emitted for an extremely short time span followed by long time of which laser is off. It is computer controlled.17
18. 18
19. Modes of Laser delivery Articulated arm deliveryFibreoptic delivery systemHollow wave guide delivery systemAir cooled fiber optic system19
20. 20Source:Perio 2000 2004;36:59-67.
21. 21
22. Laser application in vivacity of dentistryBiopsiesTongue lesionsAphthous ulcersHerpetic lesionsCoagulation and hemostasisExposure of implantsScaling and root planingGingival and periodontal surgeriesRemoval of granulation tissuesTMJ disordersTuberosity reduction22
23. Periodontal pocket treatmentNd:YAG -Gold & Vilardi 1994Radvar et al. 1996-No thermal damage of root surface, but no clinical or microbiological improvement after laser treatment compared to SRPLiu et al. Laser was less effective in reduction of crevicular IL-1 than traditional SRP (RCT in a split-mouth design23
24. Indications for laser periodontal treatmentPersistence of disease after initial treatmentGingival bleeding in localized areasPocketing of 4-6 mm presentPatients otherwise forgo to periodontal treatment
25. Recent advancement25Waterlase MD (All-Tissue Laser)Works on teeth, gums and boneFDA cleared for most clinical procedures of any dental laserCuts over 50% fasterRecent root canal clearanceWorks on Hydrophotonics principleIt’s the interaction between laser energy and waterMost procedures can be performed without anesthesiaCan coagulate while cuttingReduced healing time and tissue trauma
26. LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPYDo Not cut or ablate the tissuesPrinciple: Biostimulationor biomodulation effectWork in Milliwattage (400-900 nm)Walsh, Damante et al 2004.LLLT- Qadri in 2005.26
27. 27
28. Dental Laser Safety3 aspects to safety:Manufacturing processProper operation of the devicePersonal protection 28
29. Regulatory AgenciesAmerican National Standard Institute (ANSI)Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)Occupational safety health administration (OSHA)29
30. 30