194 Solidarity Leader Lech Walesa Union that wanted govt recognition Unions illegal under SU law Solidarity workers went on strike at Gdansk shipyard Millions of Poles supported action and govt gave into union demands ID: 787630
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Slide1
Changes in Central and Eastern Europe
19.4
Slide2Solidarity
Leader: Lech Walesa
Union that wanted gov’t recognitionUnions illegal under SU lawSolidarity workers went on strike at Gdansk shipyardMillions of Poles supported action and gov’t gave into union demandsWalesa becomes a national hero
Poland
Slide3G
ov’t
rebanned Solidarity and declared martial lawLead to economic crisis People went on strikeWanted Solidarity recognized and increase in wages1989 – Solidarity legalized and free elections held
Poles vote Communists out of power and Solidarity candidates into powerLech Walesa voted president
Poland
Slide4Lech Walesa
Used shock therapy on economy
Didn’t work: inflation, loss of jobs, unhappy people1995 - Voted out of office Aleksander Kwasniewski (former Communist) voted inKwasniewski’s PolandConnected Polish economy to rest of Europe
Became NATO memberSupported US in Iraq
Poland
Slide5East Germany and E. Berlin remained in ruins while W. rebuilt
E. Germans tried to escape over 200 killed
1989 Hungary opened borders to AustriaAllowed E. Europeans way into W. EuropeThousands of people fled
Germany Before the Fall
Slide6After Hungary opened borders, E. Germany closed theirs
Led to riots
Demanded right to travel freely and vote in free electionsE. German leader, Egon Krenz, tried to restore control by allowing people to cross the country freely
9 Nov 1989 he opened the Berlin WallA month later Communist party in E. Germany collapsed
E. Germany Falls
Slide7Germany started to
reunify - merging two
countries togetherMany people feared a united Germany Officially reunified 3 Oct 1990Leader: Helmut Kohl
Leader of W. Germany before reunification, took control after reunification
Germany and Reunification
Slide8Serious Problems with Reunification
E. Germany still in ruins
RRs, telephones, highways had not been updated since WWIIGoods produced by factories not good enough to compete in global marketFactories close – people lose jobsBanking system bankrupt
Germany After Reunification
Slide91998 Kohl voted out of office
Gerhard Schroeder voted in but could not fix economic problems
Unemployment increased Economy shrunk 2006 – Angela Merkel elected chancellorUnemployment fellBudget was reduced below EU limits
Now largest economy in Europe
German Economic Challenges
Slide10Leader: Milos Jakes:
Arrested all protestors
Ruled country with an iron fistWenceslas Square Protests10,000 people gathered in Wenceslas Square to demand democracy and freedomHundreds were arrested but it sparked revoltVelvet Revolution: 25,000 students protested in Prague
Brutally attacked by the police – many injured and killedAngered the Czech people
500,000 people protested in PragueJakes stepped down and the Politburo resigned in a monthDemocracy in Czechoslovakia
Slide11S
hock therapy (again) to fix economy
Unemployment hit Slovakia (region of country) hardb/c of economic troubles Slovakia drifted apart from Czechoslovakia 1 Jan 1993 Czechoslovakia split into two countries: Czech Republic and SlovakiaBoth countries now members of NATO and the EU
Break-Up of Czechoslovakia
Slide12Initially led by
Josip
Broz Tito after WWIIPlayed US and SU against each otherLed to prosperity in Yugoslavia Kept country together during the Cold WarTito died in 1980 leaving Yugoslavia struggling
Yugoslavia
Slide13After Tito’s death, resentment within country turned into bloody conflict
Serbs, Croats, Slovenians, Bosnians, and
Kosvans, wanted own countriesSerbian Slobodan Milosevic came to power in Yugoslavia after Tito
Break-Up of Yugoslavia
Slide14Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
Milosevic ordered Serbian-led Yugoslavian armies to invade
Led to months of bloody fighting but both countries freed themselvesBreak-Up of Yugoslavia
Slide15After Slovenia
and
Croatia success, Bosnia-Herzegovina triedDisagreeing forces in B-HBosnian Muslims and Croats wanted independenceBosnian Serbs did not 1992: Bosnian
Serbs attack Muslims and Croats Used
violence and chemical warfare to ethnically cleanse Bosnia of Muslim populationEthnic Cleansing – specifically killing an ethnic groupThree years before US and UN force peace treatyMilosevic put on trial for his role but died before official trialToday, fighting died down but tensions still exist
It Gets Confusing