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10 – 18 – LACES 10 – 18 – LACES

10 – 18 – LACES - PowerPoint Presentation

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10 – 18 – LACES - PPT Presentation

Improve Your Wildland Safety 722013 1 wwwFullyInvolvedFirecom Presentation Training Objectives Review wildland firefighter fatalities Understand 10 wildland firefighting standing orders Understand 18 wildland watchout situations ID: 327538

2013 fire www fullyinvolvedfire fire 2013 fullyinvolvedfire www orders firefighters standard safety situations firefighter wildfires escape wildland firefighting zones

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Slide1

10 – 18 – LACESImprove Your Wildland Safety

7/2/2013

1

www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide2

Presentation Training Objectives

Review wildland firefighter fatalities

Understand 10 wildland firefighting standing orders

Understand 18 wildland watchout situations

Review L.A.C.E.S. principle

7/2/2013

2

www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide3

19 Firefighters Killed – June 30

th

, 2013

Nineteen members of the Granite Mountain Hotshots lost their lives battling the

Yarnell

Fire

Images used under Fair Use Commons – Public Safety Training

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide4

Images used under Fair Use Commons – Public Safety Training

19 Firefighters Killed – June 30

th

, 2013

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4

www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide5

19 Firefighters Killed – June 30

th

, 2013

Granite Mountain Hot Shot

Team

Andrew Ashcraft, 29

Robert Caldwell, 23

Travis Carter, 31

Dustin

Deford

, 24

Christopher

MacKenzie

, 30

Eric Marsh, 43

Grant McKee, 21

Sean

Misner

, 26

Scott Norris, 28

Wade Parker, 22

John

Percin

, 24

Anthony Rose, 23

Jesse Steed, 36

Joe Thurston, 32

Travis

Turbyfill

, 27

William

Warneke

, 25

Clayton

Whitted

, 28Kevin Woyjeck, 21Garret Zuppiger, 27

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5

www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide6

The 19 members of the Granite Mountain Hotshots lost on June 30

th

were also structural firefighters. These 19 men were members of the Prescott AZ Fire Department. These 19 men represented over 20% of the PFD.

19 Firefighters Killed – June 30

th

, 2013

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide7

Other Fatal Wildfires

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

FIRE:

YEAR:

DEATHS:

South Fork Fire

-

Idaho

2003

8 Firefighters

Hayman Fire – Colorado

2002

5 Firefighters

Storm King Mountain – CO

1994

14 Firefighters

Loop Fire – California

1966

12 Firefighters

Inaja Fire – California

1956

11 Firefighters

These are just a few examples of large loss fires for firefighters.

There are many more examples.

Each underscores the importance of our training.Slide8

Addressing Dangerous Mindsets:

The large dangerous fires only happen out West. I’m an East Coast firefighter. That can’t happen to me.

Those were all wildland firefighters. I am a structural firefighter. That can’t happen to me.

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Firefighter Fatalities at Wildfires:

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NIOSH Report Number:

F2011-09

Volunteer

fire fighter dies and 5 volunteer fire fighters are injured during wildland urban interface

fire in Texas

.

Attack 5 was overrun by the fire crossing CR323 from east to west..

(Photo courtesy of the Texas Forest Service.)

April 15

th

, 2011Slide10

Firefighter Fatalities at Wildfires:

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

NIOSH Report Number: F2006-10

On March 1, 2006, a volunteer fire fighter (the victim) was critically injured and another volunteer fire fighter was seriously injured while fighting a wildland/urban interface fire in Oklahoma.

The fire burned over their position, destroying the grass truck, critically injuring the victim, and seriously injuring the fire fighter

March 1, 2006Slide11

Firefighter Fatalities at Wildfires:

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11

www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

NIOSH Report Number: F2003-36

On October 29, 2003, a 38-year-old male career fire fighter (the victim) was killed and a 48-year-old male career Captain was severely injured when fire overran their position.

The incident occurred during the protection of a residential structure during a wildland fire operation

October 29, 2003Slide12

Firefighter Fatalities at Wildfires:

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

NIOSH Report Number:

99-F14

Two Volunteer Fire Fighters Die While Fighting a Wildland Fire – Kentucky. The firefighters died trying to outrun the fire.

As the fire grew in intensity and spot fires continued to break over the fire line, the two victims became separated from the rest of the crew.

April 06, 1999Slide13

Addressing Dangerous Mindsets:

Operating in the Urban Interface presents other unique challenges that can kill or injure firefighters.

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13

www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide14

Firefighter Fatalities at Wildfires:

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14

www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

NIOSH Report Number: F2010-15

Volunteer Fire Chief Killed When Rubber-Tracked Vehicle Overturns at Brush Fire – Washington

The vehicle rolled at least 3 times before coming to rest on the driver’s side, facing west, pinning the Fire Chief beneath the vehicle’s canopy.

June 23, 2010Slide15

Firefighter Fatalities at Wildfires:

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

NIOSH Report Number: F2008-14

Volunteer Fire Chief and Fire Fighter Killed

when their Engine plummeted from

a Fire-Damaged Wooden Bridge Into a Dry Creek Bed – Colorado

Key contributing factors identified in this investigation include: excessive speed for reduced visibility/smoke conditions

April 15, 2008Slide16

Firefighter Fatalities at Wildfires:

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16

www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

NIOSH Report Number: F2000-25

A volunteer fire fighter died and a second was seriously injured

after

fuel tank

explosion in Iowa.

The incident occurred at a grass fire that spread to structures.

April

07, 2000Slide17

Firefighter Fatalities at Wildfires:

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

NIOSH Report Number:

99-F46

Fire

fighter dies after coming into contact with a downed power

line at a wildfire

- Arkansas.

The victim was stomping out embers in the smoldering brush when he was electrocuted by a downed power line.

November 3, 1999Slide18

Addressing Dangerous Mindsets:

Dangers to structural firefighters responding to and battling wildfires are real!

These dangers include far more than the threat of

burnover

:

Power Lines, Structural Collapse, Vehicle Accidents and more…

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18

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Addressing Dangerous Mindsets:

In Florida and other areas of high heat, heat stroke and heat exhaustion are very real threats.

Especially if firefighters are wearing structural gear at wildland incidents.

There are numerous LODD events involving heat stroke of firefighters at various types of incidents.

This threat is very real for wildfires.

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide20

Addressing Dangerous Mindsets:

It can happen to structural firefighters!

It can happen in any part of the country!

It can happen to any of us!

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide21

Protecting Ourselves

and Being Safe

10 Standard Fire Orders

18 Watchout Situations

L.A.C.E.S.

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide22

10 Standard Fire Orders

The original ten Standard Firefighting Orders were developed in 1957 by a task force. The Standard Firefighting Orders were based in part on the successful "General Orders" used by the United States Armed Forces. The Standard Firefighting Orders are organized in a deliberate and sequential way to be implemented systematically and applied to

ALL

fire situations.

-US Forest Service

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10 Standard Fire Orders

Keep informed on fire weather conditions and forecasts.

During your initial briefing fire weather should be addressed. If it is not, ASK! Remain alert of weather conditions and changes in forecast during fire operations.

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10 Standard Fire Orders

2) Know what your fire is doing at all times.

Be aware of fire conditions. Remain alert to how the fire is burning and where it is burning.

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24

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10 Standard Fire Orders

3

)

Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire.

Recognize fuels and anticipate fire changes. Be prepared for weather changes that may change fire behavior.

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10 Standard Fire Orders

4)

Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known.

During your crew briefing safe zones and escape routes should be identified. In the urban interface this could include previously burnt areas, large parking lots, bodies of water, and even swimming pools. If safe zones and escape routes are not identified, ASK!

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide27

10 Standard Fire Orders

5

) Post lookouts when there is possible danger.

Lookouts can help recognize fire changes and alert crews. For structural crews operating in the urban interface buildings and other obstructions often prevent firefighters from seeing the fire. In addition, lookouts can help firefighters be alert for other hazards such as power lines.

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10 Standard Fire Orders

6)

Be alert. Keep calm. Think clearly. Act decisively.

It is critical to remain calm, identify threats, and respond accordingly.

We must be thinking firefighters not heroes that blindly charge in.

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10 Standard Fire Orders

7

)

Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor, and adjoining forces.

Communication is critical. Respond immediately to messages, speak clearly, and report changes or hazards you observe.

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide30

10 Standard Fire Orders

8)

Give clear instructions and insure they are understood.

Ensure all messages are understood. When receiving messages, briefly repeat your orders back to confirm you correctly understood.

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10 Standard Fire Orders

9

)

Maintain control of your forces at all times.

In structural firefighting we would not separate a two person crew to search two floors of a building. In wildfires, follow the same crew integrity rules. We leave the asphalt together. We return to the asphalt together.

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10 Standard Fire Orders

10) Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first.

Remember to evaluate the risk vs. gain.

PROVIDE FOR SAFETY ABOVE ALL ELSE!!!

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18

Watchouts

Situations

Shortly after the Standard Firefighting Orders were incorporated into firefighter training, the 18 Situations That Shout

“Watch Out!”

were developed. These 18 situations are more specific and cautionary than the Standard Fire Orders and describe situations that expand the 10 points of the Fire Orders.

If firefighters follow the Standard Firefighting Orders and are alerted to the 18 Watch Out Situations, much of the risk of firefighting can be reduced.

-US Forest Service

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.comSlide34

1 - Fire not scouted and sized up.

2 - In country not seen in daylight.

3 - Safety zones and escape routes not identified.

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18

Watchouts

SituationsSlide35

4 - Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior.

5- Uninformed on strategy, tactics, and hazards.

6 - Instructions and assignments not clear.

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18

Watchouts

SituationsSlide36

7 - No communication link with crewmembers/supervisors.

8 - Constructing line without safe anchor point.

9 - Building

fireline

downhill with fire below.

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18

Watchouts

SituationsSlide37

10 - Attempting frontal assault on fire.

11 - Unburned fuel between you and the fire.

12 - Cannot see main fire, not in contact with anyone who can.

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18

Watchouts

SituationsSlide38

13 - On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below.

14 - Weather is getting hotter and drier.

15 - Wind increases and/or changes direction.

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18

Watchouts

SituationsSlide39

16 - Getting frequent spot fires across line.

17 - Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult.

18 - Taking a nap near the fire line.

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18

Watchouts

SituationsSlide40

If firefighters follow the Standard Firefighting Orders and are alerted to the 18 Watch Out Situations, much of the risk of firefighting can be reduced.

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Together these are the 10 & 18Slide41

It is not easy to remember the 10 & 18.

The 10 & 18 should be reviewed often.

To help condense the 10 & 18 use LACES.

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Together these are the 10 & 18Slide42

LACES was established to consolidate down to five. The theory was the belief that under stressful circumstances human beings could only remember four to six key fundamental learned behaviors.

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

L.A.C.E.S.Slide43

L - LOOKOUTS

A - ANCHOR POINTS

C – COMMUNICATIONS

E – ESCAPE ROUTES

S – SAFETY ZONES

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L.A.C.E.S.Slide44

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L.A.C.E.S.

L)

LOOKOUTS:

A competent and trusted person located in an advantageous position who has the responsibility of watching for potential fire problems and then relating the situation to the their supervisor. In mountain terrain, that could be one person situated on an opposite slope and watching for an uphill run. Other lookout sources that can be used are: aircraft pilots, fire tower operators or possibly one person on a crew assigned the job of watching a specific hazard.Slide45

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L.A.C.E.S.

A)

ANCHOR POINTS

An advantageous location, usually a barrier to fire spread, from which to start building a fire break or line. If done properly this will prohibit fire from establishing itself on the other side of an unsuspecting crew who could end up being surrounded with little chance for escape. An example of an anchor point could be a river, road, location without fuels or using a second crew to produce line in the opposite direction.Slide46

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L.A.C.E.S.

C

)

Communications

Can be provided in several forms: Face to Face, written Incident Action Plan, Briefing sessions, use of a Radio or Cell phone (if available). Crews are dependent on a variety of people to help ensure their safety because they will be concentrating on their job and may not be able to spot fire problems until too late. Information must be communicated to everyone concerned with the intent that it is known before an incident can occur.Slide47

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L.A.C.E.S.

E)

Escape Routes

A pre-determined route that can be used by anyone in the event that fire begins an unexpected run that will jeopardize the safety of crews or anyone else on the fire line. The escape route will take everyone to another pre-determined location (safety zone). Some consideration when establishing the escape route: should be able to walk it, should be marked (flagging tape), should be timed, should be away from the head of the fire, should be known to all, should be scouted. Slide48

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L.A.C.E.S.

S

)

Safety Zones

S

afety zones where a firefighter may find refuge from danger. Clean sites that are clear of vegetation (natural or man-made). Considerations when establishing a site are: How long will it take to get there? Is it large enough for everyone? Will fire behavior (intensity) adversely effect occupants? Are there any other hazards (snags, rolling rocks)? Does everyone know where they are?

Slide49

L - LOOKOUTS

A - ANCHOR POINTS

C – COMMUNICATIONS

E – ESCAPE ROUTES

S – SAFETY ZONES

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L.A.C.E.S.Slide50

Remember LACES

on every fire!

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L.A.C.E.S.Slide51

LACES should be committed to memory and used at all fires.

In addition the 10 & 18 should be reviewed often.

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www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

Together these are the 10 & 18Slide52

This presentation was brought to you by:

Fully Involved Fire, LLC

www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

Professional Training for Fire Professionals

7/2/2013

52

www.FullyInvolvedFire.com

Stay Safe