Ketamine - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Ketamine

Danielle MabeSlide2

Background

Created in 1962 as an anesthetic

Used in human and animal hospitals in 1966

In 1967, Ketamine was being used recreationally

Approved in 1970 by the FDA to use in children and elderly

In 1999 placed as a Schedule III drug Slide3

Schedule III

“Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV” Slide4

How Ketamine affects the brain

Either snorted, injected IM or IV, ingested orally by beverage or pill

Acts on the glutamate receptors to produce a distortion in the perception of sight and sound, also produces a feeling of detachment from the environment

Similar in effect to

PCPSlide5

Common Sensations

‘Out of body’ experiences

‘Near death’ experiences

Died and gone to Heaven

Walked with God

Talked with passed loved ones

Entered the ‘

kyperspace

’ (literally cyberspace

)Slide6

Dependence Syndrome

Medical term for those who cannot quit, or are addicted to the drug

Have tried quitting, but keep getting pulled back into

the habitSlide7

Reasons for Dependence Syndrome

Strong compulsion to take drug-difficulty controlling termination & level of use

Tolerance

Use of drug is a higher priority than anything else

Neglect of alternative interests

More time and effort spent getting, taking, recovering, talking about, and thinking about drugSlide8

Cont.

Arguments with partners, concern from family and friends

Persist in use despite memory loss, issues with attention span, harm in relationships, loss of productivity

Dry period is quickly followed by a large amount of uncontrolled intake Slide9

Names and Places Found

Found in Veterinary clinics

Hospitals

Black Markets

Vitamin K

Special K

Ketalar

KetasetSlide10

What can you expect on Ketamine?

The Good and the Bad

Feeling of euphoria

Get rid of vexation

“Out of body” experiences

Treat alcohol and heroin dependents

Helps people who have depression

Anesthetic

“Out of body Experiences

Ketamine Cystitis (Interstitial Cystitis) Slide11

Euphoria and Vexation

China did a poll on 1,404 people

302 used Ketamine

51% took it for the euphoric feeling

19% took it to get rid of

vexationSlide12

Helps people who have depression

Millions of people in America suffer from depression every year

Some are not relieved by antidepressants alone

Ketamine seems to alleviate depression symptoms immensely-much better than antidepressants

Doctors advise Ketamine ‘off-label’ (using a drug for something other than labeled to use it for)Slide13

Cont.

Ketamine takes effect almost immediately

One infusion can last up to 12 weeks

Significantly reduces suicidal thoughts and tendency

First infusion costs $3,800

Additional boosters cost $600

Not approved by the FDA, insurance does not cover the cost Slide14

Alcohol Dependents

Early 2000’s, over 1,000 alcoholics were treated with Ketamine as a therapy

66% became sober

27% relapsed back into drinking

Depending on the trip that they experienced seemed to determine if they sobered up or relapsed

Worse the trip = more likely to become sober because of the ‘horrors of alcoholism’ Slide15

Ketamine Cystitis

Also called:

Ulcerative Bladder

Interstitial Cystitis

Very painful

Affects the Urinary TractSlide16

Side Affects

Urinary frequencyUrinary urgency

Urinary pressure

Pelvic and bladder pain

Hematuria

Incontinence Slide17

Treatment?

Not really, more coping withStop taking Ketamine

Take therapy medication to help treat the inflammation and irritationSlide18

Positive Experience

“5 years ago I was in a car accident that resulted in a stroke, which altered brain function in my right occipital (visual) lobe and who knows where else, physically manifesting itself as numbness on my left side and a visual blind spot covering most of the upper left hemisphere of my sight. In the last year or so, I have begun trying recreational drugs. When I do dextromethorphan my blind spot becomes very active, filled with ghostly shapes. Well past the noticeable effects of the robo-trip, these images usually last 5 days to a week. I’ve done dextromethorphan probably 20–30 times and it’s a consistent reaction. That’s all stayed the same until just this weekend, when I was out raving. I was sold something other than E. It was ketamine. Very robo-like, sort of numb, hard to walk…last night, still noticing the effects, suddenly there were very strong flashes and activity in my blind spot. At once I noticed that things were very different. For one, I could see color through the blind spot, something I haven’t seen there for over five years. The other thing was that I could detect movement in that visual area. A huge change, from nothing to something…my blind spot is now about a third the size that it was yesterday, and I have a nice new portion of sight that’s been missing for a while. I’m guessing that the new sight will not fade, which I’m pretty darned happy about

.”Slide19

Negative Experience

“

I’d been taking K for about two years before I had my first panic attack. It was a sunny afternoon and I was alone in my room. I put Handel’s Messiah on the stereo. Then it was on with the headphones, and in with the

i.v.

hit while sitting at my desk staring out the window onto a sunny lawn. It had to be

i.v.

because I had things to do later. There was only enough time for a quick visit. The next thing I remember is extreme panic. I was convinced that I had discovered THE SECRET. The secret was basically that this world we live in now is an illusion and I had seen the real Universe. The Gods could not let me live with this knowledge. I thought that I would have to die. This was all very fast, a matter of seconds. I ripped off the headphones and tried to determine if I should rush out of the apartment into the corridor screaming for an ambulance. Fortunately I decided that this was futile. My death was seconds away and I should lie on my bed and wait for it, which I did. My heart must have been going about 200 beats a minute. 30 seconds later I was perfectly O.K. I did feel annoyed about having such a terrible trip, cheated in some way, so there was nothing else for it but to sit at my desk again, put the headphones back on and have another hit…”Slide20

Works Cited

 "DEA / Drug Scheduling." 

DEA / Drug Scheduling

.

N.p

,

n.d.

Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

 "

DrugFacts

: Club Drugs (GHB, Ketamine, and Rohypnol)." 

DrugFacts

: Club Drugs (GHB, Ketamine, and Rohypnol)

. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Dec. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

"Ketamine CYSTITIS NETWORK." 

Ketamine CYSTITIS NETWORK

. Interstitial Cystitis Network, 2009. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.

Jansen, Karl, and Emanuel

Sferios

. 

Ketamine: Dreams and Realities

. Sarasota, FL: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, 2001. Print.

McMillen, Matt. "Ketamine: The Future of Depression Treatment?" 

WebMD

. WebMD, 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

 Zhao, C., Z.

Lian

, Y. Liu, and Y. Mu. "Analysis of Ketamine Use in Drug Abusers." 

Analysis of Ketamine Use in Drug Abusers

. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2003. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.