Structure Main component is phospholipids that are arranged in a double layer bilayer Has scattered proteins within the phospholipids Regulate what entersleaves cell Function Nucleus Structure ID: 789209
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Slide1
Cell Structure
Slide2Plasma membrane
Structure
Main component is phospholipids that are arranged in a double layer (
bilayer)Has scattered proteins within the phospholipids
Regulate what enters/leaves cell
Function
Slide3Nucleus
Structure
Surrounded by a double membrane
Membrane contains pores (holes) to allow RNA to leave
FunctionHolds the chromosomes (chromatin)…DNAand the nucleolus
Slide4Nucleolus
Structure
Small dark structure in the nucleus
FunctionProduce ribosomes
Slide5Ribosomes
Small structures (NOT made of membrane)
May be free or bound (attached)
Made of two subunits
Make proteinsFree stay in cytoplasm
BoundSecreted (released)Inserted in membranesPackaged into other organelles
Slide6Central Vacuole
Structure
LARGE sac made of membrane
Found in center of plant cells FunctionStores chemicals and water
Slide7Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure
Canals and tubes made of membrane
Function
Makes lipids (oils, phospholipids, steroids)Detoxifies poisonsTransport of materials
Slide8Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure
Canals and tubes made of membrane
Have ribosomes attached to the outsideFunctionTransport materials in the cell
Make proteins
Slide9Slide10Golgi Apparatus
Structure
Stacks of membrane sacs
has a receiving end (from ER) and a shipping end Function
Chemically modifies substancesPackages material for transport out of the cell or to other locations within the cell
Slide11Vesicles
Structure
Small membrane “bubbles” that bud off the ER or Golgi
Functions
Transport materials to new locations
Slide12Lysosomes
Structure
Sacs of membrane that contain hydrolytic enzymes
found mostly in animal cells
FunctionUse enzymes to break down old organelles In white blood cells are used to destroy bacteria
Slide13Mitochondria
Structure
Surrounded by a double membrane
Folds found on the
inside
Contains DNA (separate from nuclear DNA)FunctionCellular RespirationConverts energy in sugars into the energy of ATP molecule
Slide14Chloroplasts
Structure
Surrounded by a double layer of membrane
Disks found insideFunction Convert solar energy into chemical energy (food)Site of photosynthesis
Slide15Perioxisome
Structure
Small membranous sac
Function Some reactions occurring here produce H2
O2 (toxic)So, it also contains an enzyme that converts this to water and oxygen gas
Slide16Centrioles
Structure
Made of rings of microtubules
Found in pairs that lie at right angles Look similar to a pair of barrelsFunctionFound in animal cellsHelp in cell division
Slide17Cell Wall
Structure
Found outside the plasma membrane
Plant
made of cellulose
FunctionGive support to certain cells (plant)Does NOT determine what can get into/out of the cell
Slide18Cytoskeleton
Structure
Made of protein fibers
MicrotubulesHollow tubeMicrofilamentsSmall rodsIntermediate filaments
FunctionGive the cell shapeHelp to move organelles around the cell
Slide19Fig. 4-17
Microfilament
Actin subunit
7 nm
Intermediate filament
Fibrous subunits
10 nm
Microtubule
Tubulin subunit
25 nm
Nucleus
Nucleus
Components of the cytoskeleton
Slide20Flagella
Structure
Same as cilia, but are longer and there are just a few of them
Prokaryotes also have themNot made of microtubules
Function Move the cell within its environment
Slide21Cilia
Structure
Microtubules that extend from the cell (still covered by the plasma membrane)
Short and many of themFunctionIn single-celled organisms
move the organism from place to placeIf anchored in place, can set up a current, moving fluid across the surface of a cell