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Cell Structure Plasma membrane Cell Structure Plasma membrane

Cell Structure Plasma membrane - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2020-06-29

Cell Structure Plasma membrane - PPT Presentation

Structure Main component is phospholipids that are arranged in a double layer bilayer Has scattered proteins within the phospholipids Regulate what entersleaves cell Function Nucleus Structure ID: 789209

membrane structure function cell structure membrane cell function energy cells small double nucleus materials move plant ribosomes organelles surrounded

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Cell Structure

Slide2

Plasma membrane

Structure

Main component is phospholipids that are arranged in a double layer (

bilayer)Has scattered proteins within the phospholipids

Regulate what enters/leaves cell

Function

Slide3

Nucleus

Structure

Surrounded by a double membrane

Membrane contains pores (holes) to allow RNA to leave

FunctionHolds the chromosomes (chromatin)…DNAand the nucleolus

Slide4

Nucleolus

Structure

Small dark structure in the nucleus

FunctionProduce ribosomes

Slide5

Ribosomes

Small structures (NOT made of membrane)

May be free or bound (attached)

Made of two subunits

Make proteinsFree stay in cytoplasm

BoundSecreted (released)Inserted in membranesPackaged into other organelles

Slide6

Central Vacuole

Structure

LARGE sac made of membrane

Found in center of plant cells FunctionStores chemicals and water

Slide7

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Structure

Canals and tubes made of membrane

Function

Makes lipids (oils, phospholipids, steroids)Detoxifies poisonsTransport of materials

Slide8

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Structure

Canals and tubes made of membrane

Have ribosomes attached to the outsideFunctionTransport materials in the cell

Make proteins

Slide9

Slide10

Golgi Apparatus

Structure

Stacks of membrane sacs

has a receiving end (from ER) and a shipping end Function

Chemically modifies substancesPackages material for transport out of the cell or to other locations within the cell

Slide11

Vesicles

Structure

Small membrane “bubbles” that bud off the ER or Golgi

Functions

Transport materials to new locations

Slide12

Lysosomes

Structure

Sacs of membrane that contain hydrolytic enzymes

found mostly in animal cells

FunctionUse enzymes to break down old organelles In white blood cells are used to destroy bacteria

Slide13

Mitochondria

Structure

Surrounded by a double membrane

Folds found on the

inside

Contains DNA (separate from nuclear DNA)FunctionCellular RespirationConverts energy in sugars into the energy of ATP molecule

Slide14

Chloroplasts

Structure

Surrounded by a double layer of membrane

Disks found insideFunction Convert solar energy into chemical energy (food)Site of photosynthesis

Slide15

Perioxisome

Structure

Small membranous sac

Function Some reactions occurring here produce H2

O2 (toxic)So, it also contains an enzyme that converts this to water and oxygen gas

Slide16

Centrioles

Structure

Made of rings of microtubules

Found in pairs that lie at right angles Look similar to a pair of barrelsFunctionFound in animal cellsHelp in cell division

Slide17

Cell Wall

Structure

Found outside the plasma membrane

Plant

 made of cellulose

FunctionGive support to certain cells (plant)Does NOT determine what can get into/out of the cell

Slide18

Cytoskeleton

Structure

Made of protein fibers

MicrotubulesHollow tubeMicrofilamentsSmall rodsIntermediate filaments

FunctionGive the cell shapeHelp to move organelles around the cell

Slide19

Fig. 4-17

Microfilament

Actin subunit

7 nm

Intermediate filament

Fibrous subunits

10 nm

Microtubule

Tubulin subunit

25 nm

Nucleus

Nucleus

Components of the cytoskeleton

Slide20

Flagella

Structure

Same as cilia, but are longer and there are just a few of them

Prokaryotes also have themNot made of microtubules

Function Move the cell within its environment

Slide21

Cilia

Structure

Microtubules that extend from the cell (still covered by the plasma membrane)

Short and many of themFunctionIn single-celled organisms

move the organism from place to placeIf anchored in place, can set up a current, moving fluid across the surface of a cell