Magdy K Hamam Prof of Oral Medicine Facultyksuedusa profHamam Principles of Oral Diagnosis Gary C Coleman John F Nelson 1 st Ed 1993 2 assessment must be made on examining the teeth ID: 779914
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Slide1
Slide2Teeth examination
Prof.
Magdy
K.
Hamam
Prof . of Oral Medicine
Faculty.ksu.edu.sa/
prof.Hamam
Principles of Oral Diagnosis: Gary C. Coleman
John F. Nelson
1
st
Ed (1993)
Slide32 assessment must be made on examining the teeth :-
A- assessment of each individual tooth .
B- how the tooth is a part of a larger unit .
( cervical caries – xerostomia )
Techniques and materials
1- Visual inspection , transillumination , probing , palpation , percussion and evaluation of function
)
2- A good light source , a mirror , a sharp explorer , and an air syringes
3- Additional adjuncts , ( dental floss , articulating paper , wooden pegs , heat
Ice and electrical pulp tester .
4- final diagnosis ( radiograph & diagnostic casts )
5- examination of the
gingiva
supporting structures of the teeth
( periodontal Probe )
Slide4Examination of teeth
A-
visual inspection
( orientation portion ( teeth present , missing , carious , discoloration , wear & dental malformation )
B-
comprehensive dental examination of each tooth by visualization & probing
charting for permanent
1 2
and
5 6
for deciduous teeth
4 3 7 8
Caries ( pit & fissure / smooth surfaces , chalky spots , cavitations ( explorer
No.17→ No. 5 , transillumination light , D. floss , radiograph / bitewing , per apical )
Defective restorations ( overhanging , open contact )
Defect or alteration of enamel ( enamel
hypoplasia
)
Congenital condition ( amelogenesis
imperfecta
)
Trauma or infection (
turner;s
tooth )
Syphilis ( Hutchinson’s teeth and mulberry molars )
Poor nutrition (
defeiciency
in vitamins A , C, D )
Chemicals ( tetracycline and fluoride )
Exanthematous
diseases ( measles , chicken pox & scarlet fever )
Discoloration & staining of teeth ( extrinsic or intrinsic factors . ,
chromogenic
bacteria )
Slide5Loss of tooth structure
Attrition
loss of tooth structure due to friction – facets ( physiologic - pathologic )
Attrition
Slide6Abrasion
2- Abrasion :-
pathologic wearing away of dental hard tissue ( cervical area )
abrasion due to dentifrice , hard tooth brush
Slide7Erosion
3-
Erosion
:- loss of tooth structure due to chemical ( foods, candies , medication ,vomiting )
Slide8Abfraction
4-
Abfraction
:-
loss of tooth structure due to bending forces ( lateral ) – v- shape notches in teeth (
occlusal
load stress → cervical area → cervical enamel rods to fracture & dislodge (
bruxism
)
Slide9Pulp examination
A pulp examination :-
A- Percussion
( hand mirror No. 17 ) ( per apical percussion ,lateral percussion )
B- Thermal testing
C- Electric pulp testing
Thermal testing
Heat ( worm
gutta
percha
)
Cold ( small piece of ice or cotton sprayed with ethyl chloride )In early
pulpitis pain persists when the stimulus has been removed .Whereas in
healthy pulp
, the sensation disappears within 5 seconds .
Pulp testing
is difficult , communication between examiner and patient is important and the result must be interpreted carefully .
For these reasons
, all three means determining pulp vitality ( electrical current , heat , & cold ) are used .
Slide10Pulp test