Rose McClung and Emmie Gerrard Introduction Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain which may cause severe symptoms Most cases of schizophrenia are lifelong difficult to manage and can affect many areas of a persons life ID: 466007
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Slide1
Schizophrenia
Rose McClung and
Emmie
GerrardSlide2
Introduction
Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain which may cause severe symptoms. Most cases of schizophrenia are life-long, difficult to manage, and can affect many areas of a person's life.Slide3
Catatonic Schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stupor state for long periods. The catatonia may give way to short bursts of extreme excitement or hyperactive tendencies. Catatonic episodes may last for a month or longer if not treated.Slide4
Catatonic Schizophrenia Symptoms
Physical immobility (including speaking), or "waxy flexibility" (if your arm is moved, it will stay in that position for several hours)
Excessive mobility (moving in an excited manner that seems to have no purpose)
Extreme resistance (not responding to instructions, refusing to be moved, refusing to speak)
Peculiar movements (inappropriate or peculiar postures, grimace for long periods of time, use strange mannerisms, may also mechanically repeat certain behaviors such as repeating words, obsessively following routines, or always arranging objects in certain ways)
Mimicking speech or movementSlide5
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Disorganized schizophrenia is also known as hebephrenic schizophrenia. It is considered one of the most severe types of schizophrenia because it can severely disrupt normal functioning of daily life activities. Slide6
Disorganized Schizophrenia Symptoms
Disorganized thinking and behavior
Absent or inappropriate emotional responses
Delusions
Auditory and visual hallucinations
Grimacing
Odd postures
Trouble functioning at school or work
Social isolation
Clumsy, uncoordinated movements
Suicidal thoughtsSlide7
Paranoid Schizophrenia
Key differences between Paranoid Schizophrenia and the other types are harmful delusions and extremely negative auditory hallucinations.
Paranoid schizophrenics are less likely to be affected by problems with thinking, concentration, and mood.Slide8
Paranoid Schizophrenia Symptoms
Auditory hallucinations
Delusions
Anxiety
Anger
Emotional distance
Violence
Argumentativeness
Self-important or condescending manner
Suicidal thoughts and behaviorSlide9
Residual Schizophrenia
When a person has a history of schizophrenic symptoms, but none of his/her current symptoms match previously diagnosed symptoms. At least one year must have passed since symptoms of previously-diagnosed schizophrenia minimized or substantially reduced before residual schizophrenia can be diagnosed.Slide10
Residual Schizophrenia Symptoms
Psychomotor slowing
Lack of physical activity
Passivity and lack of initiative
Inability or refusal to speak
Lack of personal care
Poor social performanceSlide11
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Undifferentiated Schizophrenics have the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia but do not meet the specific criteria for the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, or residual types.
A person with Undifferentiated Schizophrenia must have at least two of the following symptoms:
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Extremely disorganized or catatonic behaviorSlide12
Schizophrenia Causes
Genetics and environment are both involved
Exposure to viruses while in the womb
Poor nutrition while in the womb
Stressful life circumstances
Taking psychoactive drugs, especially during adolescenceSlide13
Schizophrenia Treatment Options
Treatment usually involves a combination of psychiatry and medication usage.
Often there are treatment “teams” which can include: a doctor, psychiatrist, case worker, psychiatric nurse, psychotherapist, pharmacist, family members, social workers.
Individual and Family TherapySlide14
Medications
There are two types of medications:
First-generation (typical) antipsychotics: control symptoms by affecting neurotransmitters. They attempt to manage delusions and hallucinations. However, they do have frequent and possibly severe side effects, including involuntary muscle spasms.
Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics: These are newer antipsychotic medications and target hallucinations, delusions, loss of motivation and lack of emotion. These have metabolic side effects, including weight gain, diabetes and high cholesterol.Slide15
Most Common Medications
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Droperidol
(
Inapsine
)
Chlorpromazine (
Thorazine
)
Fluphenazine
(
Prolixin
)
Trifluoperazine
(
Stelazine
)
Perphenazine
(
Trilafon
)
Thioridazine
(
Mellaril
)
Thiothixene
(
Navane
)
Molindone
(
Moban
)
Loxapine
(
Loxitane
)Slide16
Other Treatment Methods
Hospitalization:
in extreme cases where the person suffering from schizophrenia is harmful to themselves or others, this ensures safety, proper nutrition and care.
Electroconvulsive
therapy (
ECT):
causes
a
small seizure which can change the chemistry of the brain
chemistry
to reduce symptoms.
Vocational
skills training
:
Training
in social and vocational
skills, such as learning
skills
like
good hygiene, cooking and better communication. Slide17
Statistics
Schizophrenia
is in the top 10
causes of disability in developed countries
worldwide, with about
51 million
people diagnosed and 2.2
million
of those people living in the USA.
If
anti-psychotic
medications
use is discontinued
, the relapse rate is about 80 percent within 2 years. Slide18
Statistics (continued)
Of those diagnosed with schizophrenia:
6
% are homeless or live in shelters
6
% live in jails or prisons
5
% to 6% live in
hospitals
10
% live in
nursing
homes
25
% live with a family member
28
% are living independently
20
% live in
supervised
h
ousingSlide19
Conclusion
Schizophrenia, though often severe and hard to cope with, is a treatable disorder of the brain. Those with schizophrenia may live with their treatments for their entire lives.Slide20
Question
How might schizophrenia affect a person's life?Slide21
Sources
Surviving Schizophrenia : A Manual for Families, Patients, and Providers (5th Edition) by E. Fuller Torrey
http://www.mayoclinic.com
http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/disorganized-schizophrenia/DS00864.html
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192621.php
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/paranoid-schizophrenia/DS00862/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/undifferentiated+schizophrenia
http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/undifferentiated-schizophrenia/
http://www.schizophrenic.com/content/schizophrenia/diagnosis/undifferentiated-schizophrenia
http://
www.freemd.com/undifferentiated-schizophrenia/treatment.htm
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/catatonic-schizophrenia/DS00963/DSECTION=symptoms
http://www.psychcentral.com/lib/2006/residual-schizophrenia/