E NGLISH - PowerPoint Presentation

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ENGLISH PROJECT WORK

Submitted to: Mr. V.D. Raval Sir

Presented by: Prashant SahaSlide2

Biography of Amelia EarhartAmelia Mary Earhart(Born on July 24, 1897 – disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and

author. Earhart

was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic

Ocean. She

received the

U.S.Distinguished

Flying Cross for this

record. She

set many other

records, wrote

best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots. Slide3

Earhart joined the faculty of the Purdue University aviation department in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and help inspire others with her love for aviation. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party, and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment. During an attempt to make a circum navigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10 Electra, Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. Fascination with her life, career and disappearance continues to this day.Slide4

Amelia Mary Earhart, daughter of Samuel "Edwin" Stanton Earhart (1867-1930)and Amelia "Amy" Otis Earhart (1869–1962),was born in Atchison, Kansas, in the home of her maternal grandfather, Alfred Gideon Otis (1827–1912), a former federal judge, president of the Atchison Savings Bank and a leading citizen in the town. Amelia was the second child of the marriage, after an infant stillborn in August 1896.She was of part German descent. Alfred Otis had not initially favored the marriage and was not satisfied with Edwin's progress as a lawyer.

Childhood

Amelia

in her

ChildhoodSlide5

Earhart was named, according to family custom, after her two grandmothers (Amelia Josephine Harres and Mary Wells Patton).From an early age Earhart, nicknamed "Meeley"(sometimes "Millie") was the ringleader while her younger sister (two years her junior), Grace Muriel Earhart (1899–1998), nicknamed "Pidge",acted the dutiful follower. Both girls continued to answer to their childhood nicknames well into adulthood. Their upbringing was unconventional since Amy Earhart did not believe in molding her children into "nice little girls."Meanwhile their maternal grandmother disapproved of the "bloomers" worn by Amy's children and although Earhart liked the freedom they provided, she was aware other girls in the neighborhood did not wear them.Slide6

Early influence

A spirit of adventure seemed to abide in the Earhart children with the pair setting off daily to explore their

neighborhood. As

a child, Earhart spent long hours playing with Pidge, climbing trees, hunting rats with a rifle and" belly-slamming" her sled downhill. Although this love of the outdoors and "rough-and-tumble" play was common to many youngsters, some biographers have characterized the young Earhart as a

tomboy. The

girls kept "worms, moths,

Katy

did sand a tree

toad "in

a growing collection gathered in their outings.

In 1904, with the help of her uncle, she cobbled together a home-made ramp fashioned after a roller coaster she had seen on a trip to St. Louis and secured the ramp to the roof of the family tool shed. Earhart's well-documented first flight ended dramatically. She emerged from the broken wooden box that had served as a sled with a bruised lip, torn dress and a "sensation of exhilaration." She exclaimed, "Oh, Pidge, it's just like flying!"Although there had been some missteps in his career up to that point, in 1907 Edwin Earhart's job as a claims officer for the Rock Island Rail road led to a transfer to Des Moines, Iowa. The next year, at the age of 10, Earhart saw her first air craft at the Iowa State Fair in Des MoinesSlide7

Education

The two sisters, Amelia and Muriel (she went by her middle name from her teens on), remained with their grandparents in Atchison, while their parents moved into new, smaller quarters in Des Moines. During this period, Earhart received a form of home-schooling together with her sister, from her mother and a governess. She later recounted that she was "exceedingly fond of

reading "and

spent countless hours in the large family library. In 1909, when the family was finally reunited in Des Moines, the Earhart children were enrolled in public school for the first time with Amelia Earhart entering the seventh grade at the age of 12 years. Slide8

Family fortunes

While the family's finances seemingly improved with the acquisition of a new house and even the hiring of two servants, it soon became apparent Edwin was an alcoholic. Five years later (in 1914), he was forced to retire and although he attempted to rehabilitate himself through treatment, he was never reinstated at the Rock Island Railroad. At about this time, Earhart's grandmother Amelia Otis died suddenly, leaving a substantial estate that placed her daughter's share in trust, fearing that Edwin's drinking would drain the funds. The Otis house, and all of its contents, was auctioned; Earhart was heartbroken and later described it as the end of her

childhood. In

1915, after a long search, Earhart's father found work as a clerk at the Great Northern Railway in St. Paul, Minnesota, where Earhart entered Central High School as a junior. Edwin applied for a transfer to Springfield, Missouri, in 1915 but the current claims officer reconsidered his retirement and demanded his job back, leaving the elder Earhart with nowhere to go.Slide9

Facing another calamitous move, Amy Earhart took her children to Chicago where they lived with friends. Earhart made an unusual condition in the choice of her next schooling; she canvassed nearby high schools in Chicago to find the best science program. She rejected the high school nearest her home when she complained that the chemistry lab was "just like a kitchen sink."She eventually was enrolled in Hyde Park High School but spent a miserable semester where a yearbook caption captured the essence of her unhappiness, "A.E. – the girl in brown who walks alone."Earhart graduated from Hyde Park High School in 1916.Throughout her troubled childhood, she had continued to aspire to a future career; she kept a scrapbook of newspaper clippings about successful women in predominantly male-oriented fields, including film direction and production, law, advertising, management and mechanical engineering .She began junior college at Ogontz School in Rydal, Pennsylvania but did not complete her program. During

Christmas vacation in 1917, Earhart visited her sister in Toronto. World War I had been raging and Earhart saw the returning wounded soldiers. After receiving training as a nurse's aide from the Red Cross, she began work with the Volunteer Aid Detachment at Spadina Military Hospital. Slide10

1918 Spanish flu pandemic

When the 1918Spanish flu pandemic reached Toronto, Earhart was engaged in arduous nursing duties including night shifts at the Spadina Military

Hospital. She

became a patient herself, suffering from pneumonia and maxillary

sinusitis. She

was hospitalized in early November 1918 owing to pneumonia and discharged in December 1918, about two months after the illness had started.

Her sinus-related

symptoms were pain and pressure around one eye and copious mucus drainage via the nostrils and

throat. In

the hospital, in the pre-antibiotic era, she had painful minor operations to wash out the affected maxillary

sinus, but

these procedures were not successful and Earhart subsequently suffered from worsening headache attacks. Her convalescence lasted nearly a year, which she spent at her sister's home in Northampton,

Massachusetts. She

passed the time by reading poetry, learning to play the banjo and studying

mechanics. Chronic

sinusitis was to significantly affect Earhart's flying and activities in later

life, and

sometimes even on the airfield she was forced to wear a bandage on her cheek to cover a small drainage tube.Slide11

At about that time, with a young woman friend, Earhart visited an air fair held in conjunction with the Canadian National Exposition in Toronto. One of the highlights of the day was a flying exhibition put on by a World War I ace. The pilot overhead spotted Earhart and her friend, who were watching from an isolated clearing, and dived at them.

"I am sure he said to himself, 'Watch me make them scamper,'" she said. Earhart stood her ground as the aircraft came close.

"I did not understand it at the time," she said, "but I believe that little red airplane said something to me as it swished by

."

Early flying experiences Slide12

By 1919 Earhart prepared to enter Smith College but changed her mind and enrolled at Columbia University, in a course in medical studies among other programs. She quit a year later to be with her parents, who had reunited in California.

In Long

Beach, on December 28, 1920, Earhart and her father visited an airfield where Frank Hawks(who later gained fame as an air racer) gave her a ride that would forever change Earhart's life. "By the time I had got two or three hundred feet [60–90 m] off the ground," she said, "I knew I had to fly

."After

that 10-minute flight (that cost her father $10), she immediately became determined to learn to fly.

Working at a variety of jobs, including photographer, truck driver, and stenographer at the local telephone company, she managed to save $1,000 for flying lessons.

Earhart had her first lessons, beginning on January 3, 1921, at Kinner Field, near Long Beach.

In order to reach the airfield, Earhart had to take a bus to the end of the line, then walk four miles (6 km).

Earhart's mother also provided part of the$1,000 "stake" against her "better

judgment."Her

teacher was Anita "Neta" Snook, a pioneer female aviator who used a surplus Curtiss JN-4"Canuck" for training.

Earhart arrived with her father and a singular request, "I want to fly.

Will you teach me

?"Slide13

Earhart's commitment to flying required her to accept the frequently hard work and rudimentary conditions that accompanied early aviation training. She chose a leather jacket, but aware that other aviators would be judging her, she slept in it for three nights to give the jacket a "worn" look. To complete her image transformation, she also cropped her hair short in the style of other female flyers.Six

months later, Earhart purchased a secondhand bright yellow Kinner Airster biplane which she nicknamed "The Canary." On October 22, 1922, Earhart flew the Airster to an altitude of 14,000 feet (4,300 m), setting a world record for female pilots. On May 15, 1923, Earhart became the 16th woman to be issued a pilot's license (#

6017)by

the Fédération Aéronautique

Internationale(FAI).Slide14

Marriage

Earhart and Putnam in

1931 For

a while Earhart was engaged to Samuel Chapman, a chemical engineer from Boston, breaking off her engagement on November 23,

1928.During

the same period, Earhart and Putnam had spent a great deal of time together, leading to intimacy.

George P.

Putnam, who was known as GP, was divorced in 1929 and sought out Earhart, proposing to her six times before she finally

agreed.After

substantial hesitation on her part, they married on February 7, 1931, in Putnam's mother's house in

Noank

, Connecticut.

Earhart referred to her marriage as a" partnership" with "dual

control”.Slide15

" In a letter written to Putnam and hand delivered to him on the day of the wedding, she wrote, "I want you to understand I shall not hold you to any medieval [sic] code of faithfulness to me nor shall I consider myself bound to you similarly."Earhart's ideas on marriage were liberal for the time as she believed in equal responsibilities for both "breadwinners" and pointedly kept her own name rather than being referred to as Mrs.

Putnam. When The New York Times, per the rules of its stylebook, insisted on referring to her as Mrs. Putnam, she laughed it off. GP also learned quite soon that he would be called "Mr.

Earhart

."There

was no honeymoon for the newlyweds as Earhart was involved in a nine-day cross-country

tour promoting auto gyros and the tour sponsor, Beech-Nut chewing gum. Although Earhart and Putnam had no children, he had two sons by his previous marriage to Dorothy

Binney

(1888–1982

),a chemical heiress whose father's company,

Binney

& Smith, invented

Crayola

crayons:the

explorer and writer David

Binney

Putnam (1913–1992) and George Palmer Putnam, Jr.

(1921–2013

).Earhart

was especially fond of David who frequently visited his father at their family home in Rye, New York.

George had contracted polio shortly after his parents' separation and was unable to visit as often.Slide16

Thank You