R esistant S taphylococcus A ureus THE EVOLUTION OF BACTERIA Drugresistant staph lurks in many places By Anita Manning USA TODAY AntibioticResistant Staph More Common ID: 236433
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Slide1
M
ethicillian
-
R
esistant
S
taphylococcus
A
ureus
THE
EVOLUTION
OF
BACTERIA
©Slide2
Drug-resistant staph lurks in many places
By Anita Manning, USA TODAY
Slide3
Antibiotic-Resistant Staph More Common
June 25, 2007; Page B5Slide4
Increase In Community-Associated Staph Infections Involving Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
02 Jun 2007
Slide5
'Superbugs' Could 'Dwarf' AIDS, Flu
CHICAGO and NEW YORK, June 22, 2006
(CBS)
Public health officials are becoming increasingly alarmed by the growing number of illnesses caused by antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria.Slide6
Drug Resistant Staph Bacteria a Global Problem
Wednesday, June 21, 2006Slide7
Sunday, Jun 18, 2006
Surviving the New Killer Bug
A nasty, drug-resistant staph infection--the kind usually seen in hospitals--is racing across the U.S.
By CHRISTINE GORMANSlide8
MSNBC.com
Drug-resistant germs on the rise, doctors warn
Study: More Americans acquiring hard-to treat staph infections
The Associated Press
Updated: 1:59 p.m. ET April 8, 2005Slide9
'Superbugs' spread fear far and wide
Drug-resistant staph infections no longer threaten just hospital patients,
for reasons unknown, they're striking even healthy children and adultsSlide10
Staph infections spreading across the United States as key antibiotic loses punch
Posted: Wednesday, Jun 21, 2006 - 03:04:36 pm CDTSlide11
ASM: Resistant Staph Bacteria Survive on Bed
Linen for Days, Keyboards for Weeks
By Katrina Woznicki , MedPage Today Staff Writer
Reviewed by
Robert Jasmer, MD; Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Source News Article: CNN, MSNBC, Yahoo! News Slide12
HICPAC/SHEA Guidelines Debate
New Research Estimates MRSA Infections Cost U.S. Hospitals $3.2 Billion to $4.2 Billion Annually
Posted on: 05/16/2005Slide13
National Prevalence Study of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in U.S. Healthcare Facilities
June 25, 2007, 12:01 am EDT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In October and November 2006, the Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology (APIC) conducted a national MRSA prevalence study. … Data show that
46 out of every 1,000 patients
in the study were either infected or colonized with MRSA.
This rate is between 8 and 11 times greater than previous MRSA estimates.
Source: Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology (APIC)Slide14
II.
MRSA ENTERS THE COMMUNITYSlide15
STAPH
MRSA
CA-MRSA
(Staphylococcus aureus)
In existence for as long as we know, very common and normally harmless. Approx. 35% of population are carriers
(
M
ethicillian-
R
esistant
S
taphylococcus
a
ureus)
Also called
H
ospital
A
cquired (HA-MRSA). Traditionally confined to healthcare settings, first identified in the 1960’s. Requires use of “last resort” antibiotics.
(
C
ommunity
A
cquired -
M
ethicillian-
R
esistant
S
taphylococcus
A
ureus)
Identified in late 1990’s. No healthcare exposure necessary. Infects normally healthy people. Penetrates skin through open wounds and abrasions. Evolving rapidly. Produces deadly toxin
(panton-Valentine leukocidin)
in bones, joints, bloodstream and major organs. Current est. up to 52 million carriers - today. Slide16
Often the symptoms are initially described as “spider bites”. Red bumps on the skin or red, dry, chapped skin. Slide17
Left untreated, these infections soon become far more severe, invading the body’s organs and bloodstream. At this point, these infections are life threatening.
Following photos are very graphicSlide18
CA-MRSA can develop into pneumonia, “flesh eating” bacteria, cause blood toxicity, septic shock and eventually organ failure. Slide19
MRSA has developed a resistance to the most common antibiotics, such as;
Penicillin
Keflex
CephalexinSlide20
Late 1990’s, MRSA infections were identified in non-healthcare environments, such as:
Schools
Correctional facilities
Athletic teams
Health and fitness clubs
Military housing
Other areas of close quarteringSlide21
APIC estimates that currently up to
5%
of the population carries MRSA in their noses –
POSSIBLY AS MANY AS 52 MILLION PEOPLE WORDWIDE
Source: APIC (Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology)Slide22
MRSA spreads in the community through:
Skin-to-skin contact
Cuts and open wounds
Abraded or chaffed skinSlide23
Exacerbated by:
Poor hygiene
Overcrowded living conditions
Communal or shared itemsSlide24
Main risk factors:
Age
Living Conditions
Weakened Immune System
Activities (ie. contact sports, frequent skin abrasions, exposure to bodily fluids, …)
Sharing personal items (ie. Towels, uniforms, clothing, athletic gear, razors, …)
Contact with healthcare workers
Recent hospitalization
Use of certain antibioticsSlide25
III.
WHAT IS
NEXT?Slide26
Avian (bird) flu
SARS
Clostridium difficile (C. Diff.)
E. Coli
Hepatitis A & B
HIV
Herpes
Salmonella
Parvo virus
The next pandemic?Slide27
IV.
PROACTIVE
APPROACH
“Best offense is a good defense”Slide28
Where do you need protection?Wherever MRSA thrives!Slide29
How do we stop cross-contamination and infection from bacteria, viruses, spores, fungus …?
CLEAN
SANITIZE
Hands and skin with residual sanitizer
Hard surfaces treated with active anti-microbial
Washable textiles with residual, self-sanitizing finish
Wash hands
Wash environmental contact surfaces
Wash clothing, linens, towels, uniforms, equipment…
At the source - w
e prevent the spread!Slide30
HANDS & SKIN
FDA Approved
Alcohol-free
Non- flammable
No water or towels required
Non-sticky and won’t dry out skin
Does not remove protective body oils
Greaseless, no-drip FOAM
Residual anti-microbial activity
Efficacy increases with useSlide31
Benzalkonium Chloride-based products exhibit increased efficacy with use.
Ethyl Alcohol-based products decline in performance!
Ethyl Alcohol-based products fall below FDA Minimum Standards within 3 - 4 uses!
Slide32Slide33
SURFACES
Sure
Clean
™
Hard Surface Disinfectant and Sanitizer
EPA Registered
Disinfectant, Sanitizer,
Mildewstat
, Fungicide
Kills 99.9%, or more of infectious bacteria
Broad spectrum (HIV, VRE, MRSA, HBV, HCV, Herpes (Type 1 & 2), Strep, Avian Influenza A)
No rinsing required
Convenient, Ready-to-use spray
Non-acid formulation contains no bleach,
phenolics
or phosphates
Effective in hard water (up to 400
ppm
)Slide34
CLOTHING, BED LINENS, UNIFORMS, TOWELS, …
Bac
Stop
™
Fabric Sanitizer & Bacteriostat
EPA Registered
Liquid fabric sanitizer and mildewcide
Self-sanitizing finish (continually kills minimum of 99.9% of newly acquired bacteria)
Continues working after textiles are laundered (creates a Zone of Inhibition)
Eliminates odors due to bacterial growth
Easy to use, final rinse treatmentSlide35
Infectious Bacteria
Zone of Inhibition
Treated Fabric
Textiles treated with
Bac
Stop
™
retain a self-sanitizing condition, creating a
Zone of Inhibition
around the surface area of the textile. Bacteria do not replicate on the surface – and therefore die.Slide36
Program for
Infection
Control
Pro-
Tex
™
Foaming Hand & Skin Sanitizer
Sure
Clean
™
Hard Surface Disinfectant and Sanitizer
Bac
Stop
™
Fabric Sanitizer & Bacteriostat
De
Scent
™
Concentrated odor neutralizer
Slide37Slide38
An once of prevention