ambivalence incipient anomaly nefarious biased prodigious credulous servile despot temper TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the ID: 592009
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Slide1
Unit Six: Chapter 29
•
ambivalence
•
incipient
•
anomaly
•
nefarious
•
biased
•
prodigious
•
credulous
•
servile
•
despot
•
temperSlide2
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
–
noun
• Ramona and Felipe have broken their engagement three times now. If they feel such ambivalence about getting married, why do you think they stay together? • Many people approach a job change with ambivalence. They want the new job’s challenges and rewards, but they dislike giving up the security of the old job.
Ambivalence meansA. conflicting feelings. B. ambition. C. ignorance.
1 ambivalence
Photo:
catalogfavorites.comSlide3
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
–
noun
• Ramona and Felipe have broken their engagement three times now. If they feel such ambivalence about getting married, why do you think they stay together? • Many people approach a job change with ambivalence. They want the new job’s challenges and rewards, but they dislike giving up the security of the old job.
Ambivalence meansA. conflicting feelings. B. ambition. C. ignorance.
1 ambivalence
They must have
conflicting feelings
if they keep changing their minds about whether to get married. Wanting challenge as well as security creates
conflicting feelings
about job change.
Photo:
catalogfavorites.comSlide4
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
2
anomaly– noun• Dena’s poor score on the math test was an anomaly; she usually does very well in math.
• A colored diamond is an anomaly; most diamonds are colorless or bluish-white. Anomaly meansA. an annoyance. B. a source of anxiety.
C. an abnormality.
Photos:
J.P.Lon (left); David Benbenncik (right)Slide5
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
2
anomaly– noun• Dena’s poor score on the math test was an anomaly; she usually does very well in math.
• A colored diamond is an anomaly; most diamonds are colorless or bluish-white. Anomaly meansA. an annoyance. B. a source of anxiety.
C. an abnormality.
Since Dena usually does very well, a poor score would be
an abnormality
.
Since
most diamonds are colorless or bluish-white, a colored diamond would
be
an abnormality
.
Photos:
J.P.Lon (left); David Benbenncik (right)Slide6
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
3
biased
– adjective• Studies show that names influence how we react to other people. For instance, a group of teenaged boys expected that any girl named “Michelle” would be attractive, while they were biased against anyone named “Hulga.”
• Every human group seems to be biased against some other group. For example, the French tell jokes about the Belgians, and people in Quebec make fun of people from Newfoundland. Biased meansA. having a good opinion. B. having
an opinion beforehand.C. having
no opinion.Slide7
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
3
biased
– adjective• Studies show that names influence how we react to other people. For instance, a group of teenaged boys expected that any girl named “Michelle” would be attractive, while they were biased against anyone named “Hulga.”
• Every human group seems to be biased against some other group. For example, the French tell jokes about the Belgians, and people in Quebec make fun of people from Newfoundland. Biased meansA. having a good opinion. B.
having an opinion beforehand.C. having
no opinion.
Since the boys judged the girl’s attractiveness before seeing her, they must have
had an opinion
about
her
beforehand
. Someone who makes jokes about a group of people based
on
stereotypes rather than experience
has
an opinion
about them
beforehand
.Slide8
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
4
credulous– adjective• Maya reads her horoscope every day but insists that she’s not credulous. “It’s just for fun,” she says. “I never take it seriously.”
• Credulous Dwayne believed his girlfriend when she told him she was an actress. In fact, the only part she ever had was in a health play in third grade, as a radish. Credulous meansA. too trustful. B. too
skeptical. C. not paying attention.Slide9
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
4
credulous– adjective• Maya reads her horoscope every day but insists that she’s not credulous. “It’s just for fun,” she says. “I never take it seriously.”
• Credulous Dwayne believed his girlfriend when she told him she was an actress. In fact, the only part she ever had was in a health play in third grade, as a radish. Credulous meansA. too trustful. B.
too skeptical. C. not paying attention.
Since Maya reads her horoscope for fun, not guidance, she is not
too trustful
about their ability to predict the future. Dwayne was
too
trustful
that his girlfriend was telling the truth about being an actress, since facts proved otherwise.Slide10
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
5
despot– noun• During the American Revolution, the British king, George III, was seen as an unjust despot, but history has dealt more kindly with him in recent years.
• Some parents are harsh despots who make their children obey their commands, while others are lenient and easygoing. Despot meansA. an elected official. B.
an oppressive ruler. C.
a revolutionary.
Photo:
Bundesarchiv, Bild 137-004055Slide11
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
5
despot– noun• During the American Revolution, the British king, George III, was seen as an unjust despot, but history has dealt more kindly with him in recent years.
• Some parents are harsh despots who make their children obey their commands, while others are lenient and easygoing. Despot meansA. an elected official. B.
an oppressive ruler. C
. a revolutionary.
Photo:
Bundesarchiv, Bild 137-004055
The
A
mericans revolting against King George III considered him
an oppressive ruler
. Lenient, easygoing parents are contrasted with those who seem like harsh,
oppressive rulers
.Slide12
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
6
incipient
– adjective• Are Kenyon and Rasheedah just friends, or is there an incipient romance developing?
• “Precancerous” cells are an incipient tumor—a cancer that may be starting to develop. Incipient meansA. coming to an end. B.
coming into existence. C. f
ully grown.
Photo:
LaurascudderSlide13
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
6
incipient
– adjective• Are Kenyon and Rasheedah just friends, or is there an incipient romance developing?
• “Precancerous” cells are an incipient tumor—a cancer that may be starting to develop. Incipient meansA. coming to an end. B.
coming into existence. C.
fully grown.
Photo:
usda.gov
The word
developing
suggests that the romance might be
coming into existence
. The word
starting
suggests
that the
cancer might
be
coming into existence
. Slide14
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
7
nefarious– adjective• The name of Jack the Ripper, whose nefarious murders shocked nineteenth-century England, has become almost a synonym for a brutal killer.
• The movie, about a nefarious plot by terrorists to kidnap a bus full of schoolchildren, had us on the edge of our seats. Nefarious meansA. praiseworthy. B. amusing.
C. evil.
Caricature: J
.J.; SVG
file: GustavbSlide15
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
7
nefarious– adjective• The name of Jack the Ripper, whose nefarious murders shocked nineteenth-century England, has become almost a synonym for a brutal killer.
• The movie, about a nefarious plot by terrorists to kidnap a bus full of schoolchildren, had us on the edge of our seats. Nefarious meansA. praiseworthy. B. amusing.
C. evil.
Caricature: J
.J.; SVG
file: Gustavb
The words
brutal killer
suggest that Jack the Ripper was
evil
. Terrorists who kidnap schoolchildren can be considered
evil
. Slide16
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
8
prodigious
– adjective• This week the lottery prize is a prodigious amount of money—almost a hundred million dollars. •
It takes a prodigious supply of patience to put together a 5,000-piece jigsaw puzzle. Prodigious meansA. huge. B. unknown.
C. small.
Photo:
flipchip / LasVegasVegas.comSlide17
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
8
prodigious
– adjective• This week the lottery prize is a prodigious amount of money—almost a hundred million dollars. •
It takes a prodigious supply of patience to put together a 5,000-piece jigsaw puzzle. Prodigious meansA. huge. B. unknown.
C. small.
Photo:
flipchip / LasVegasVegas.com
$100,000,000 is a
huge
amount of money. Putting together a puzzle with a huge number of pieces requires a
huge
amount of
patience. Slide18
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
9
servile– adjective• In the play, Roberto portrayed a fawning, servile hotel clerk who would do anything to please the hotel’s clients.
• The spoiled celebrity likes to surround herself with servile people who do whatever she wants and constantly tell her how fabulous she is. Servile meansA. bossy. B. a
cting like a slave. C. powerful.
orSlide19
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
9
servile– adjective• In the play, Roberto portrayed a fawning, servile hotel clerk who would do anything to please the hotel’s clients.
• The spoiled celebrity likes to surround herself with servile people who do whatever she wants and constantly tell her how fabulous she is. Servile meansA. bossy. B. a
cting like a slave. C. powerful.
The word
fawning and the clerk’s willingness to do anything to please his clients
suggest that the character was
acting like a slave
.
People who constantly flatter celebrities and do whatever they want are
acting like slaves
.
orSlide20
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
10
temper– verb• “Temper justice with mercy”—a phrase from Milton’s Paradise Lost— suggests that we need to remember to be kind, even when we are punishing someone.
• The saying “God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb” means that God lightens the burdens of weaker people, so that they don’t have to suffer as much. Temper meansA. to reinforce. B.
to tone down. C. to
continue.Slide21
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
10
temper– verb• “Temper justice with mercy”—a phrase from Milton’s Paradise Lost— suggests that we need to remember to be kind, even when we are punishing someone.
• The saying “God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb” means that God lightens the burdens of weaker people, so that they don’t have to suffer as much. Temper meansA. to reinforce. B.
to tone down. C.
to continue.
Acting with mercy and kindness when punishing someone is a
way
to tone down
justice. The phrase “lightens the burdens of weaker people” suggests that God
tones
down
hardships, such as a chilling wind, for those who are least able to protect themselves. Slide22
SENTENCE CHECK 1
2.
Amy feels some
__________ about
spending the holidays alone in her new apartment. On the one hand, she thinks celebrating there will make her new place feel more like home. On the other hand, she will miss her family.
1. Sandra is very funny, but she needs to _________ her humor with kindness
—sometimes her jokes can hurt others. Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. ambivalence B. anomaly C. biasedD. credulousE.
despotF.
incipient G.
nefarious H. prodigious
I.
servile
J.
temperSlide23
SENTENCE CHECK 1
2.
Amy feels some
__________ about
spending the holidays alone in her new apartment. On the one hand, she thinks celebrating there will make her new place feel more like home. On the other hand, she will miss her family.
1. Sandra is very funny, but she needs to _________ her humor with kindness
—sometimes her jokes can hurt others. Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. ambivalence B. anomaly C. biasedD. credulousE.
despotF.
incipient G.
nefarious H. prodigious
I.
servile
J.
temper
Hurtful joking is contrasted with
softening
humor with kindness.
The phrases “one the one hand” and “on the other hand” suggest that Amy is
uncertain about how she will feel
.
temper
ambivalenceSlide24
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
4.
In our neighborhood, almost everyone drives a battered second-hand car. Cecil’s shiny new Corvette is a real
_________.
5.
Jen takes an aspirin at the first sign of a(n) ________ headache. Lin, by contrast, resists taking medicine even when she’s really sick. 3. There are two kinds of waiters I dislike: the zany° ones who keep making jokes and the sycophants° who, hoping for a bigger tip, are overly humble and _________.
A. ambivalence B. anomaly C. biasedD. credulous
E. despot
F.
incipient
G.
nefarious
H.
prodigious
I.
servile
J.
temperSlide25
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
4.
In our neighborhood, almost everyone drives a battered second-hand car. Cecil’s shiny new Corvette is a real
_________.
5.
Jen takes an aspirin at the first sign of an _________ headache. Lin, by contrast, resists taking medicine even when she’s really sick. 3. There are two kinds of waiters I dislike: the zany° ones who keep making jokes and the sycophants° who, hoping for a bigger tip, are overly humble and _________.
A. ambivalence B. anomaly C. biasedD.
credulous
E. despot
F.
incipient
G.
nefarious
H.
prodigious
I.
servile
J.
temper
If Jen takes medicine at the first sign of pain, then she takes it at the headache’s
earliest stages
.
servile
anomaly
incipient
S
ycophant
and
overly humble
suggest the servers are
slavishly obedient
.
A shiny new car would be
different, odd, or peculiar
in a neighborhood of old cars.Slide26
SENTENCE CHECK 1
7
.
The thriller was the kind of book you can’t put down—it traced a(n) _________ plan by a malevolent° scientist to turn his neighbors into zombies.
6.
It’s silly to be _________ against all red-haired people just because you had one bad date with a redhead. You should try to overcome your aversion° to redheads. Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. ambivalence B. anomaly C. biasedD. credulous
E. despot
F.
incipient G. nefarious
H.
prodigious
I.
servile
J.
temperSlide27
SENTENCE CHECK 1
7
.
The thriller was the kind of book you can’t put down—it traced a _________ plan
by a malevolent° scientist to turn his neighbors into zombies. 6
. It’s silly to be _________ against all red-haired people just because you had one bad date with a redhead. You should try to overcome your aversion° to redheads. Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. ambivalence B. anomaly C. biasedD. credulous
E. despot
F.
incipient
G.
nefarious
H.
prodigious
I.
servile
J.
temper
A previous date led to a preconceived, prejudiced opinion against redheads.
A plan to turn people into zombies would be villainous and wicked.
biased
nefariousSlide28
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
9.
Shelley’s
famous poem “Ozymandias” is about a cruel
________ whose statue lies broken and whose kingdom has vanished in the desert sands. Its tacit° message is that all of us, even pompous° tyrants, are
ephemeral°—nothing can survive the inexorable° forces of nature and time. 10. Thomas Jefferson was a man of _________ talent. Not only was he President of the United States, but he was also an inventor, an erudite° and eloquent° writer, and an architect.
8. “Sorry,” said Professor Chiu. “I am not _________ enough to believe that aliens from a flying saucer flew away with your term paper.” A. ambivalence B. anomaly
C. biased
D. credulous
E.
despot
F.
incipient
G.
nefarious
H.
prodigious
I.
servile
J.
temperSlide29
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
9.
Shelley’s
famous poem “Ozymandias” is about a cruel
________ whose statue lies broken and whose kingdom has vanished in the desert sands. Its tacit° message is that all of us, even pompous° tyrants, are
ephemeral°—nothing can survive the inexorable° forces of nature and time. 10. Thomas Jefferson was a man of _________ talent. Not only was he President of the United States, but he was also an inventor, an erudite° and eloquent° writer, and an architect.
8. “Sorry,” said Professor Chiu. “I am not _________ enough to believe that aliens from a flying saucer flew away with your term paper.” A. ambivalence B. anomaly
C. biased
D. credulous
E.
despot
F.
incipient
G.
nefarious
H.
prodigious
I.
servile
J.
temper
Only someone
easily convinced
would readily believe such a far-fetched story.
If Ozymandias was a cruel
tyrant
, then he
ruled with absolute power
.
It takes
enormous
talent to be successful in so many different fields.
credulous
despot
prodigious