Indoor Residual Spray -INDIA Prof. Arti Prasad

Transcript:Indoor Residual Spray -INDIA Prof. Arti Prasad:
Indoor Residual Spray -INDIA Prof. Arti Prasad Head Department of Zoology University College of Science MLSU, Udaipur. Artimlsu@yahoo.co.in UNIT -IV Agriculture and Public Health Practices: Water, Fertilizers, Pesticides effects on insects - Integration of IPM and IVM – Regulation and Policy related to vector control – Environmental & health Impact Assessment – Implementation of IVM Strategy Agriculture and Public Health Practices Human made ecological changes which may be caused by developmental activities and expansion of Agriculture can alter environmental dynamics ,increase community vulnerability and enhance the risk of VBD Conventionally, the control of disease vectors has mainly relied on the use of chemical insecticides. The failure to effectively reduce the burden of VBD has arisen from a number of factors – human, technical (including insecticidal and drug resistance), operational, ecological, and economic. Current approaches to controlling different VBD work in near isolation from each other. In certain situations, opportunities exist for optimum control of vectors of two or more diseases to be organized together and managed effectively by optimal use of available technologies, interventions and improved resources at a local level, taking into account health sector reforms wherever possible. This requires an ecosystem approach to vector control at a decentralized level, in particular at the district and community levels. IPM and IVM Agriculture and livestock-raising are important subsistence activities in South-East Asia. The link between malaria and irrigation/agriculture development has been known for a long time. Rice agroecosystems also support vectors of Japanese encephalitis in some countries. Among the main type of farming systems, modern agriculture is dependant on irrigation and inputs of fertilizers and pesticides. Against the wisdom of using traditional farming practices, excessive use of pesticides in agriculture has resulted inter alia in (a) disturbance in the natural balance between harmful crop pests and beneficial predators in local ecosystems, (b) increased occupational exposures of farming community and incidence of pesticide poisoning, (c) pesticide residues in food and environment, and (d) development of insecticide resistance of mosquito vectors. Integrated Pest Management Realizing the ill effects of excessive dependence on chemical pesticides, experimentation on the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach began in the late 1970s in the Philippines. IPM promotes the philosophy of “healthy fields for healthy people” and is a farmer-based agroecosystem management approach that uses broadly four principles: grow healthy crops using good agricultural practices, conserve natural enemies to reduce the use of chemical pesticides, conduct Framework for