Capacity Development for - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Capacity Development for Area-Based Management in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Experiences, Lessons, Possible Ways Forward

Organized by the Global Ocean Forum, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, UNEP World Conservation and Monitoring Centre, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace FoundationSide Event at the BBNJ PrepCom 4 Monday, 17 July13:15-14:45 PMConference Room 2Slide2

Introduction by the Co-Chairs Biliana Cicin-Sain, GOF, and Blaise Kuemlangan, FAOSlide3

GOF/FAO/GEF Project on Strengthening Global Capacity to Effectively Manage ABNJ

Main Focus on:Capacity in application of area-based management and ecosystem-based approaches and tools to ABNJ; focus on the interaction between national EEZs and ABNJ; emphasis on fisheries and biodiversity protectionPart of the GEF/FAO Program on Global Sustainable Fisheries Management and Biodiversity Conservation

in Areas Beyond

National Jurisdiction (Common Oceans

Program) (www.commonoceans.org)Slide4

Project

PartnersConvention on Biological Diversity SecretariatDeep Sea Conservation CoalitionGovernment of France (French Marine Protected Areas Agency)Government of South Korea (Korea Institute of Ocean Science

and Technology)

Institute

for

Sustainable

Development

and International Relations (IDDRI)

International

Maritime

Organization

International

Ocean

Institute

France

Partnerships in Environmental

Management for

the Seas

of

East

Asia

UN Division

for Ocean Affairs

and the

Law of

the Sea

SeaOrbiter

UNESCO

(

In

t

er

gov

er

n

m

e

n

tal

Oceanographic

Commission)

UNESCO (Natural

Science)

University

of

Delaware

Vietnam

National University

Western

Indian

Ocean Marine Science

Association

World

Ocean

NetworkSlide5

WORKSHOP ON

Capacity D· elapm nt to lmprav the ·anagementt/ Marine Areas B'eyo nd

atianal Jurisdiction

(ABIIUJ

:

s,

Optio

ns

.,,

and Opportuniti

s

Silpplilli

F:

f'l

lffl

-

·

'"'

ill:iiiiilEllil

=......-....

Q

I

R Cr.\ntl ...Ii

--

-

........._

efSlide6

Relationship between Capacity Development and Technology Transfer?

Capacity DevelopmentArea-based management and MPAsEIAsImplementation of the agreementTechnology TransferMarine genetic resourcesRelationship between the

two? 3 bundles

of issues: Area-based/EIAs;

legal/compliance

issues in implementation;

marine genetic

resources

(different sets

of

knowledge/skills)

Modalities

—what types of capacity development

are

needed and how

would

they be carried

out?Mechanism—institutional structures/processes

for carrying out the capacity

Funding—options for support

Clearinghouse mechanism—options for knowledge

managementSlide7

4 Stage-setting CommentsSlide8

1. Architecture of capacity development prescriptions exists

There is an existing architecture in place on capacity building--UNCLOS stream--UNCED streamExcellent prescriptions on Capacity DevelopmentBut:Limited implementation, more work at the individual level, insufficient

work on

institutional and

societal

capacity

More

work

on

sectoral,

than cross-sectoral aspects Not

tied to a

funding

mechanism

Not

tied to a follow-up

mechanismChallenge: Not to

repeat the global prescriptions, but instead, to build

a tangible system of capacity developmentSlide9

Global prescriptions on capacity development

Existing Global Provisions on Capacity Development– UNCLOS (1982, 1994, 1995)Sustainable development summits (UNCED 1992, 2002, 2012)• Agenda 2030 (2015)SIDS Samoa Pathway (2014)

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1994), Intergovernmental

Panel on Ecosystem Services

IPBES (

2012

)

UNFCCC Paris

Agreement

(2015)

All separate

global

processesSlide10

Global prescriptions on capacity development

UNCLOS (1982) Capacity development not explicitPart XII on the “Protection and preservation of the marine environment”Part XIII on “Marine scientific research” (MSR)Part XIV on the development and transfer of marine technologyPart XI on

“the Area”

provides for the

promotion

of

international cooperation, including by encouraging cooperation in marine scientific

research

in the

Area

The

Agreement

Related to the Implementation of Part

XI

(1994),

Deep

Seabed

MiningArticle 143 on

marine scientific research for

benefit of all mankindArticle

144 on transfer of tech and knowledge

related to the Area1995 Fish Stocks

Agreement

Part VII, article 25 on

aiming assistance to developing countries at enhancing their ability to conserve and manage straddling fish stocksSlide11

Global prescriptions on capacity development

Sustainable development summits (UNCED 1992, 2002, 2012)Agenda 21 (UNCED 1992)Public involvement (17.5)Human Resources Development (17.6)Regional Centers, Education, Training (17.1234); (17.135); (17.135) ;

(17.6)

Facilities, Centers, Demonstrations

(17.17)

Financial and

Technical

Resources (17.41); (17.69);

(17.39)

Research Facilities; Systematic Observations (17.40);

(17.43)

Institution Building, National Oceanographic Commissions (17.68; (17.95);

(17.114)

Capacity in Natural,

Social

Sciences

(17.115)

Special Capacity Needs of SIDS (17.136); (17.129); (17.1322); (17.137)

Traditional Knowledge (17.15);

(17.6)Fisheries and Aquaculture – Technology Transfer

(17.93)

Johannesburg Plan of Implementation

(WSSD 2002)Support and Cooperation (10(f)); (30(g)); (33(g))Institution Building (32(b)); 33(b))

Traditional Knowledge (37(f))

Support for

SIDS (58(c)); (58(j))

Rio+20

(2012)

“Capacity”

is

mentioned 47 times

in the Rio+20 document “The

Future

We

Want”

and “capacity-building” is

mentioned 40

times.

Capacity

development

is treated as

a

cross-cutting

aspect of

sustainable developmentSlide12

Global prescriptions on capacity development

Sustainable development summits (UNCED 1992, 2002, 2012)SIDS Samoa Pathway (2014) (following the Barbados (1994) and the Mauritius (2005) SIDS summitsCapacity Development Provisions include, among many others:Fostering entrepreneurship and innovationSupporting national, regional and international CD initiatives in

SIDS

Designing and implementing

measures

to enhance

employment

opportunities in sustainable tourism

Increase

technology,

finance and support for mitigation and adaptation actions

Build resilience to the

impacts

of

climate

change and to

improve

nations' adaptive

capacity

Address gaps in capacity for gaining access to and managing

climate financeUndertake marine

scientific research and develop the tech capacity

of SIDSAgenda

2030 (2015)

SDGs adopted by

countries in as part of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development11 of SDGs have provisions on capacity development

SDG 14 on Oceans

and Seas:

“Increase scientific knowledge, develop research

capacity

and

transfer marine

technology…”

UN

DESA

divisions

working

in an

integrated

manner

to

assist nations in CD

through

capacity-building workshops, national training sessions

together with

UN Country

Teams

and

UNDPSlide13

Global prescriptions

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1994)15.11. There is a need, where appropriate, to:(a) Strengthen existing institutions and/or establish new ones responsible for the conservation of biological diversity…;(b) Continue to build capacity for the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of biological resources in all relevant sectors;(c) Build capacity, especially within Governments, business enterprises and bilateral and multilateral development agencies, for integrating biodiversity concerns…(d) Enhance the capacity of governmental and private institutions, at the appropriate level, responsible for protected area planning and management …

Intergovernmental Science-Policy

Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)

(2012)

Deliverable

1(b):

IPBES has

been

mandated

to

integrate capacity

building into

all

relevant aspects of

its work and to undertake capacity-building

activities that address the

priority needs identified…Activities

are to include

technical assistance, training workshops, fellowship and exchange programmes and support for the

evolution of national, subregional

and regional science-policy…

Also this deliverable is implemented through the task force on capacity building…Part of the initial work

programme is the development of a clearinghouse mechanism (IPBES/1/INF/10),

2(c))Slide14

Global prescriptions on capacity development

Paris Agreement (2015)Capacity-building for climate action: Paris Agreement, Article 11Capacity-building should enhance the capacity and ability of developing country Parties, in particular LDCs and SIDS, to take effective climate change actionCapacity-building should be

country-driven, based on and

responsive to

national needs, and

foster country ownership of

Parties

All

Parties

should

cooperate to

enhance the

capacity of

developing

country Parties to implement

this

Agreement

All Parties should regularly communicate CD

actions or measures

on capacity-buildingCapacity-building activities shall be

enhanced through appropriate institutional arrangements to

support implementationEstablished Paris Committee on Capacity-building-

-Aims to address

gaps and needs in implementing capacity-building in developing country Parties

The Durban Forum on Capacity-building is an annual, in-session event organized under the auspices of the SBI that brings together stakeholders involved in

building the capacity of developing countries to mitigate

and adapt to climate change.Slide15

Lessons from past global prescriptions*

Discussions at Grenada workshop May 2016These prescriptions represent a great “architecture” of global mandates on capacity development on oceans, aimed at all three levels: societal, institutional, and individual. The combined set of prescriptions are rightly very ambitious and, if implemented, would have a big impact

However:

--the extent of implementation

is not

known

(there

is no

overall tracking of efforts,

expenditures, aggregate

impact)

--partial empirical information

suggests

limited implementation

and that the

total level of

funds expended has been

relatively small--Most of the

provisions (except for the

Paris Agreement and IPBES) are:--not associated with a follow-up

mechanism/procedure

--not associated with a funding mechanism--

There has been little strategic planning and vision

involved

* Drawn, in part, from ICP 2010, and Cicin-Sain et al 2011, Rio+20 reportSlide16

2. Capacity Development Needs

Refer to ABNJ survey of needs (hand-out)Expressed needs vary by region Continuum—Coastal zones—EEZs, ABNJABNJ capacity to benefit EEZ management as wellSlide17

3. Advances in

consensus building in the PrepComdeliberationsPoints from Chair’s Non-Paper from PrepCom 3Slide18

Objectives of capacity building and transfer of technology in BBNJ instrument

Enhance and develop the capacity and ability of developing countries to effectively implement the agreementStates shall cooperate in promoting transfer of technology and scientific knowledge on BBNJ so that all States, especially SIDS, will benefit from the BBNJ resourcesEnhance the implementation of UNCLOS obligations to promote the development

of marine scientific research

capacity in developing States and

to

promote

the transfer

of marine

science and

technology

Enable States now unable

to

do so

to eventually

become parties

to

and effectively participate in

the implementation of the implementing agreement.Slide19

Scope of needs and priorities for capacity building

Includes, but is not limited to, human resource and institutional capacity:scientific, educational, technical assistanceindividual capacity building through training and scholarships, exchange of experts, and research cooperation programmes, awareness raising and knowledge sharingCovers capacity building in respect to

new access

and benefit-sharing regime;

implementation

and

monitoring of

ABMTs

including

MPAs;

conduct

and

evaluation

of

EIAs

Includes institutional building

at the

regional, sub- regional

and national levelsSlide20

Principles guiding capacity-building and technology transfer

The capacity-building and/or transfer of marine technology under the existing instruments and mechanisms (such as UNCLOS, ISA, IOC- UNESCO capacity development) should be enhanced; taking into account the IOC GuidelinesShould be clear, results-oriented, needs-driven and guided by lessons learned, including from other instrumentsShould be on fair and reasonable terms; voluntaryTransfer

of technology should enable all countries concerned,

to

benefit

from

developments in

marine

science

related

activities

on an equitable basis

Should be

long-term/ongoing,

to take into account

developments in scientific

knowledge and

address

new impactsSlide21

Types of and modalities for capacity- building and technology transfer

Must be simple, targeted, expeditious and include mechanism for identification of needsPrioritize identifying institutional needs under ILBI before discussing whether existing arrangements can fulfill these needsStates involved in bioprospecting should provide CB&TT to developing countriesConcrete measures may include: Development of regional centers; knowledge sharing; scholarships/other grants for SIDS/other

relevant training

programmes; joint scientific

research

projects between

developed and developing countries;

national

and

regional

scientific

centres,

including

as

data

repositories.Slide22

Repository/Clearing-house mechanism

Could provide centralized information access and sharing for all on activities, programmes and projects occurring in ABNJ; existing and futureProvide prioritized lists of required capacity-building efforts and marine technology; may have a “match-making” functionInclude a provision to improve the interoperability and linkages between existing mechanisms, including in terms of data and sample collection and sharingFurther consideration of IOC as a possible clearing-house mechanism for ILBISlide23

Funding

Establish an adequate, predictable and sustainable fund to:Assist SIDS and other developing countries in meeting their commitments under the agreementFund capacity-building and TT activities and programmesInnovative financing/new ocean sustainability finance tools will be needed to support international cooperation, development of technologies and collaborative research

Establish a multilateral fund to support regional

scientific and technological centers with pooled global

resources

in order to enhance technology transfer

efforts

Funding and institutional arrangements based

on

both voluntary and monetary

proceeds, see

Nagoya

Protocol

and ISA capacity building funding

arrangementsSlide24

Monitoring, review and follow-up

The needs identified and priorities for capacity building reviewed by an advisory or decision-making body under ILBIEstablishment of a monitoring mechanism and reporting requirements to facilitate periodic reviews, measure successHold regular meeting of the States Parties to assess the needs and to fill in the gaps

Mechanism to monitor the impacts

of

the capacity building and technology transfer

programmes

with a periodic

review

to

assess

funding needs, and funding

sources

so that the

recipient

countries and

regions’

needs can be adequately

met on a stable and long-

term basis.Slide25

4. Some questions for Side Event

--What lessons are/have we learned from existing efforts at Capacity Development in ABNJ?--What should be the relationship between Capacity Development and Technology Transfer?--Regarding Modalities, Funding Options, Clearinghouse Mechanism, what might be some useful models in other relevant areas?--What process might be mobilized to further identify and evaluate the pros and cons of various options on the above?