Personality 1.2 Theories - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Personality

1.2 Theories

Today’s Objectives

By the end of the session all learners will have:

Developed own interpretation of trait theory through discussions in small groups based around Eysenck’s theory

Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the theory

Considered the application of the theory to the area of sport

Developed own interpretation of the relevance the measure of personality and theory has to sport using the key study of Kroll & Crenshaw ~ small group discussion to support own interpretation

Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the key study

Considered the application of personality to the area of sport drawing on all 3 studies

Some learners will have:

Lead a discussion in small groups

Contributed small groups ideas to class discussion

Identified more than 5 evaluation points

Who is Eysenck??!

Primarily based on

physiology and

genetics

Eysenck was a behaviourist ~ learned

habits

important

Considers

personality differences as growing out of our genetic

inheritance

Primarily

interested in what is usually called

temperament ~ the aspect

of our personalities that is genetically

based, inborn

, there from birth or even before.

Does

not mean that a temperament theory says we don't also have aspects of our personality that are learned,

Eysenck

focused on "nature," and left "nurture" to other

theorists

Eysenck ~ Background

Two dimensions of a personality

Extroversion

(positive, how outgoing or self contained a person is)

Neuroticism

(negative, stable or unstable a person is)

Later added a third…

Psychoticism

(aggression, mental instability)

Background cont.

Based on factor analysis

Developed a hierarchical taxonomy

Behaviour ~ revising for an exam

Habits ~ preferring to revise with peers

Factors ~ that you a sociable

Superfactors

~ Dimensions of extroversion, neuroticism, psychoticism

Biological basis of Eysenck’s Trait Theory

Read the booklets and make notes in relation to the biological basis of the theory

Main points ….

RAS monitors arousal

Extrovert = under aroused, gets bored, seeks stimulation to maintain good level of activation

Louder, more outgoing, attention seeking, lack concentration

Opposite for introverted

ANS responds to emotion- producing stimuli

Neurotic = rapid and strong response to stress

Low anxiety, anxious, moody, restless, fight or flight in small stressful situations – easily upset

Opposite for stable

Testosterone affects psychoticism ~ justifying aggression and psychotic episodes

Eysenck’s Trait Theory

In

small groups, consider what sports you may find specific individuals with 1 of the 4 personality traits

Evaluation of the Theory

What are some strengths to this theory?

Reliable?

Valid?

What are some weaknesses?

Useful?

Generalizable?

Are you a Psychopath???!

This is a story about a girl.

While at the funeral of her own mother, she met a guy whom she did not know. She thought this guy was amazing, so much the dream guy that she was searching for that she fell in love with him immediately.

However, she never asked for his name or number and afterward could not find anyone who knew who he was.

A few days later the girl killed her own

sister.

Question

: Why did she kill her sister?

Answer…

If

the first answer that springs to your mind is some variation of jealousy and revenge – she discovers her sister has been seeing the man behind her back – then you are in the clear.

But

if your first response to this puzzle is "because she was hoping the man would turn up to her sister's funeral as well", then by some accounts you have the qualities that might qualify you to be a cold-blooded

killer!

Same qualities:

an

absence of emotion in decision making,

a cold focus on outcomes, an extremely ruthless and egocentric logic – which tend to show up in disproportionate degrees in all those individuals.

So….If you answered this correctly, you think like a psychopath!!

1.3 Relevance

Are some personalities more likely to be successful in sport that others?

Why?

Are some more suited to certain sports than others?

Why?

??? Introverts ~ solo sports (long distance running)

??? Extroverts ~ high energy (rugby)

One theory is that there are people that are naturally athletic

Credulous – sceptical argument

= the debate that the impact of personality has on sports performance

Credulous = athletic performance CAN be predicted from personality / personality traits

Sceptical = athletic performance CAN NOT be predicted from personality profiles

Research that supports this ….

Cox (2000) personality is ONE factor that contributes to success

Schurr

et al. (1997), Hardman (1973), Cooper (1969) athletes DO have different personalities than non-athletes (

e.g

independent and less anxious, more self confidence)What came first though????!!!Williams and Parkin (1980) used

Cattell’s 16PF compared personality profiles of hockey players ~ clear distinction between different levels of players (eg. Club, international and national etc

)

Key Study ~

Kroll & Crenshaw

Read study and make notes / annotate

Aim ~

comparison of personality profiles using the 16F

Different sports where competitors are at established levels of achievement

Design ~

independent measures ~ 4 sports

Participants ~

387 athletes, regional or national, wide area of middle geographical section of America, skills were excellent / superior

Procedure ~

16PF, MMPI administered. Athletic quality controlled by selecting those described as excellent / superior. Statistical analysis used to determine whether groups could be compared based on profile as a whole or individual components

Results ~ sig diff between groupsUsing the 16PF from last lesson, use the table to

identify what the major contributing factors were for the groups.

Football

WrestlingSimilar

FootballGymnasticsSig

H

C L Q

2

Football

Karate

Sig

H L G Q

2

Wrestling

Gymnastics

Sig

H B

Q

1

Q

2

Wrestling

Karate

Sig

Q

2

Q

4

N G

Gymnastics

Karate

Sig diff

Q

4

G F B

Evaluate ….

Using the evaluation tool I developed for you

, evaluate

the study….

Reliability

Ethnocentrism

Generalizability

Usefulness

Nature vs Nurture

Validity

Evaluation

Attempts to compare personalities in different sports are sparse and that there was a lack of defined samples for each

sport

Not be assumed that samples truly represent the sports studied

American sports

studied

Not equal group sizes

Personality Tests and predictions

http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFL6RRNuNKc

http

://

www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2515507/How-Facebook-status-updates-reveal-youre-PSYCHOPATH.html

HOMEWORK

~ read over all 3 studies ensuring you understand all relevant points

Ensure you have developed evaluation points for all

For further info on personality there is a good program that is in parts on you tube ~ child of our time – personality . I will put the link

on the Blog. Is useful to help understanding but remember you need to be linking it to the area of sport in preparation for the exam

Today we have….

A

ll

learners have:

Developed own interpretation of trait theory through discussions in small groups based around Eysenck’s theory

Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the theory

Considered the application of the theory to the area of sport

Developed own interpretation of the relevance the measure of personality and theory has to sport using the key study of Kroll & Crenshaw ~ small group discussion to support own interpretation

Identified at least 5 evaluation points of the key study

Considered the application of personality to the area of sport drawing on all 3 studies

Some learners have:

Lead a discussion in small groupsContributed small groups ideas to class discussion Identified more than 5 evaluation points