Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake The plant takes the raw materials CO 2 amp H 2 O puts them together using energy heat amp synthesize the cake In order to get the energy out of the cake the plant amp us must ingest it eat digest it break it down into its monome ID: 914324
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Slide1
Chapter 9:
“Cellular Respiration”
Slide2Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake.
The plant takes the raw materials (CO2 & H2O), puts them together using energy (heat), & synthesize the cake. In order to get the energy out of the cake, the plant & us must ingest it (eat), digest it (break it down into its monomers) & then we must “burn it” to release the energy stored in the bonds of the cake. THIS IS RESPIRATION
Slide3How do we get the energy out of the food that we have consumed?
Slide4Cellular Respiration
Is the process by which organisms obtain the energy they need by releasing the chemical energy stored in nutrients and transferring that energy into ATPNutrient = GlucoseChemical Energy = ATP
Slide5Occurs in the Mitochondria
of Eukaryotic organisms
Respiration occurs on the
cristae
Does this sound familiar?
Slide6Two Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration – needs oxygen to release the energy in foodC6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2
O + 36 ATP
Anaerobic Respiration
– can release the energy from food without the need of oxygen. (Some bacteria & yeast)
C
6H
12O6 2 CO2 + 2 Ethanol + 2 ATP = alcoholic fermentationC6
H12O6 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP = lactic acid fermentation
Slide7Anaerobic Respiration
Also known as fermentationOccurs in the cytoplasm of yeast, some bacterial cellsSince the organisms
are very
small and their needs are
simple,
they do
not need much ATP
Slide8Anaerobic Respiration occurs in two steps
Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) is broken down into 2 Pyruvic (3 Carbons each) acid molecules + 2 ATP (activation energy) Produces 4 ATP, netting 2 ATP
2 ATP
Slide9Fermentation
The 2 Pyruvic Acids will break down into: 1. Alcohol + CO2 (yeast and some bacteria)
2
. Lactic Acid
(bacteria, us – more later)
Both forms will not produce any more ATP molecules
Slide10Uses for Fermentation
Yeast & some bacteria Used in baking, wine making and brewing industryBacteria Lactic acid production is used in cheese processing, buttermilk, sour cream, yogurt, sauerkraut, pickles. The souring of dairy products is actually the production of lactic acid by anaerobic bacteria
Slide11Aerobic Respiration
Occurs in the mitochondriaYields more ATP per molecule of glucose (36 – 38 molecules) of ATP/GlucoseOccurs in 3 basic steps
Slide12Glycolysis
Using 2 ATP as activation energy, a glucose molecule is broken down into 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules. 4 ATP are produced, leaving 2 ATP netted. Occurs in cytoplasm.2. Krebs Cycle – in the Mitochondria, the 2 Pyruvic acids are broken down, releasing CO2
& producing 2 ATP
3.
Electron Transport Chain
– Oxygen combines with hydrogen
32 ATP are produced
Slide13Krebs Cycle
Pyruvic Acid
2 Carbon Dioxides
Carbon Dioxide
Slide14How much more efficient is Aerobic Respiration than Anaerobic Respiration at releasing ATP from one molecule of glucose?
Aerobic respiration yields 2 + 2 + 3236 ATPAnaerobic respiration yields 2 ATP 2 ATP
_______
36
: 2
Bottom Line: Aerobic
Respiration is 18x more
efficient!!!
Slide15Muscle Fatigue
You are a large organism and need a lot of ATP to keep you fueled. At times though, you may not be breathing correctly & therefore, are not taking in enough O2 to remain an aerobic organism.
During this time, your body (muscle cells)
converts
to anaerobic respiration to give you some ATP.
Hey,
2 ATP are better than none! Lactic acid accumulates in your muscle cells, acid burns the cells, causing you to cramp up & thus slowing down your activityWhen you begin to breathe normally again, the lactic acid breaks down and the “O2 debt” is paid